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World-renowned sports scientist Professor Ross Tucker and veteran sports journalist Mike Finch break down the myths, practices and controversies from the world of sport. From athletics to rugby, soccer, cycling and more, the two delve into the most recent research, unearth lessons from the pros and host exclusive interviews with some of the world's leading sporting experts. For those who love sport. Get bonus content on Patreon
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- 201 - Science of Sport Spotlight 9: To Torque or Not to Torque, energy demands from the Women's Tour, and topical doping debates
In this spotlight episode, Ross and Gareth put some of the interesting discussions from our Discourse community in the spotlight. Gareth, master (and moderator) of Discourse, learned all about high cadence training from the coaches in the Discourse community when he tackled a Zwift cycling programme that had him spinning his legs. We discuss whether high cadence training has merit, or whether we should actually be looking at the other extreme - Torque training, with very low cadence, to develop cycling ability? A fascinating recent paper is the basis for that discussion. We also talk about a paper that documents the remarkable energy costs of cycling in the Tour de France Femmes - an incredible 7500 kCal per day, not met by energy intake in the case study. Finally, we tackle two doping stories. The first is a call by the UCI for WADA to "take a position" on alleged Carbon Monoxide misuse by elite cyclists, and the second is the latest step taken by the Enhanced Games, who, among other things, wish to classify aging as a disease. And they'll pay a cool million to a human who runs a sub-9.58s 100m, powered by any means necessary.
Show notes
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The case study of energy demands in an elite woman in the Tour de France
The UCI calls on WADA to take a position on Carbon Monoxide use
The Enhanced Games message to Robert F Kennedy to declare war on aging
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Thu, 28 Nov 2024 - 1h 01min - 200 - How Far Can You Push the Human Body? Lessons from a Royal Marine Doctor
Pushing the body to its limits can be the difference between life and death for a Royal Marine. So how far can you push recruits and what lessons can sport learn from the training they endure? In this interview with Dr Ross Hemingway, a Sports & Exercise Medicine Doctor at the Commando Training Centre for Royal Marines in the UK, we take a fascinating look at everything from heat illnesses to fatigue and injuries experienced by some of the fittest men and women on the planet. Hemingway explains how Marines are assessed and tells stories of recruits who overcome extreme hardship in their quest to be among the military elite.
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Tue, 26 Nov 2024 - 1h 37min - 199 - Is the Credibility of Sports Science's Most Respected Journal Under Threat?
At the recent British Association of Sports & Exercise Medicine (BAsem) conference, the world's most respected journal in sports science - the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) - openly promoted a presentation done on the trans issue by the author of the controversial book Open Play: The Case For Feminist Sport, Dr Sheree Bekker. In the presentation, Bekker challenges the ideas around transgender sporting advantage despite persuasive scientific evidence to the contrary, raising the question of whether the BJSM has failed in its mandate to support robust scientific content. The team break down what the BJSM's role in sports science should be, analyse some of the outlandish statements made in the presentation and discuss the implications of what happens if credibility is lost.
SHOW NOTES:
The tweet by the BJSM on the presentation done by Dr Bekker
The photo claiming to show the TWSA and Feminist Approach to the gender debate
Ross's X thread reacting to the presentation
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Fri, 15 Nov 2024 - 1h 10min - 198 - Chepng'etich's Marathon World Record Analysis: Too Good To Be True?
When Kenyan Ruth Chepng'etich took nearly two minutes off the women's marathon world record, the sporting world was aghast. How did she do it? Shoe tech, nutrition, race tactics? With a doping cloud hanging over Kenyan athletics, it's easy to see why so many are sceptical. Join Prof. Ross Tucker and sports journalist Mike Finch as they assess every aspect of the run in an effort to explain one of the most astonishing running performances in history.
SHOW NOTES
The paper by Mason et al on how the shoes have boosted women’s distance runners more then men.
Another similar paper on individual variability by Knopp et al.
For analysis of the performances since super shoes were introduced.
A piece by Toni Reavis in defence of Chepngetich’s performance.
The article by Amby Burfoot that Reavis mentions. Amby does not hold back.
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Fri, 18 Oct 2024 - 1h 23min - 197 - DISCOURSE SPECIAL: Is Elite Cycling Safe Enough? / Rugby's Smart Mouthguards / Is Sinner Guilty of Doping? and Much More
After a post-Olympic break the team wrap up all the latest hot topics and news from our Discourse channel. We share details of how the rollout of rugby's smart mouthguards is going, discuss Jakob Ingebritgsen's crazy half marathon debut and how best to use sport science to help a small-budget cycling team. We also explain the ongoing doping saga of tennis world number one Jannik Sinner and ask if the world governing body for cycling, the UCI, is doing enough to ensure the safety of riders after the death of an 18-year-old at the World Championships.
SHOW NOTES
Jon Wertheim's excellent piece on the Sinner doping scandal from SI.com
The Guardian's piece on the death of Muriel Furrer
Ingebrigtsen's crazy half marathon debut
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Thu, 03 Oct 2024 - 1h 53min - 196 - How David Roche Used Science To Dominate One Of The World's Biggest Trail Races
American trail star and coach David Roche not only won his first 100-mile trail race at the Leadville 100 this year but also broke a 30-year-old record. In this interview, Roche explains how he adapted to the high altitude using hot baths, trained his body to take in high concentrations of carbohydrates and planned out his race strategy. Roche also talks about how speed over shorter distances is the best predictor of ability of longer distances, why mega training mileage may not be the right strategy for mega-distance races and the impact of super shoes on trail racing.
SHOW NOTES:
Follow David on Instagram and Youtube
Follow David and wife Dr Megan Roche's podcast Some Work, All Play on Apple Podcasts.
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Thu, 29 Aug 2024 - 1h 37min - 195 - Science of Sport Spotlight 8: A Guilty or Innocent Sinner? And Tragedy at the Crossfit Games
We are back with a Spotlight show, and in this one, we discuss the case of Janik Sinner, who was cleared earlier this week of a doping violation after a panel agreed that his positive test for clostebol was caused by his physiotherapist's use of a banned substance to treat a finger cut while performing massage treatments on the player. We describe the timeline, the challenge faced by anti-doping authorities, and the controversial speed with which Sinner was able to continue playing after appealing provisional suspensions on two occasions. We also shine a spotlight on risk in sport, after a tragedy at the CrossFit Games in Texas, where a 28 year old participant died during a swim item. The team explain why swimming is where the danger exists, and then discuss the philosophy of risk and the tension between the core values of a sport, and the duty of care of the sports to protect athletes from foreseeable and unnecessary risks.
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Show notes
Janik Sinner Spotlight
Summary of the Janik Sinner decision by the ITIAThe Full Decision of the case can be read hereThe study showing clostebol positive tests through contamination, cited in the defenceEdmund Willison's article on clostebol positives, primarily in ItalyCrossFit Games Spotlight
Study on deaths in triathlon, showing the high proportion that happen on the swim legPaper that proposes Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema as a cause of swim-related deathsLay article that explains SIPE and interviews researchers who study it, including discussion of how risk is mitigated and managed by events
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Thu, 22 Aug 2024 - 1h 10min - 194 - Does Talent Need Trauma To Succeed? A Sports Psychologist Weighs In
Dave Collins is a sports Performance Psychologist who has coached over 90 World or Olympic medallists and professional sports teams and performers. The team delve into the concept of what makes great sporting champions, whether trauma is an essential ingredient and how competition and disappointment play a role in long terms success. Collins is a Professorial Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and Director at Grey Matters Performance Ltd. As an academic, he has over 450 peer review publications and 90 books or chapters. As a practitioner, he has worked with over 90 World or Olympic medallists plus professional teams and performers. Collins has coached to national level in three sports, has a fifth dan in karate, has worked as Director of the Rugby Coaches Association and is a Fellow of the Society of Martial Arts and BASES, Associate Fellow of the BPS and an ex Royal Marine.
SHOW NOTES
The Rocky Road paper that introduced the “talent needs trauma” concept
Champions vs Super Champions: Expanding on the concept of challenge to create champions
A lay article on the concept outlined in the Rocky Road paper
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Tue, 20 Aug 2024 - 1h 26min - 193 - Paris 2024 Recap Bumper Show: Highlights, Lowlights, Stats and Final Insights
One last time, we get the band together to bring you our bumper Olympic recap show. Sports editor Mike Finch joins daily hosts Prof. Ross Tucker and Discourse moderator Gareth Davies to look back on the Paris Games. We discuss and debate our highlights, lowlights, winners, losers, surprises and disappointments and offer perspectives on the medal tables and individual performances: Which countries outperform their resources, the great athletes and performances and the big stories. Finally we rate the Games, and take a moment to thank all of you for the fantastic interactions on Discourse, and for listening and enjoying these Olympics with us.
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Wed, 14 Aug 2024 - 1h 57min - 192 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 16 - Hassan makes History, Track Triumphs for Kipyegon and Ingebrigtsen
The "Zatopek" is complete, and while Sifan Hassan did not perfectly replicate the Czech legend's achievements, she did help close off the Athletics programme of the Paris Olympics in spectacular fashion, winning the women's Marathon gold. We review the race, and explain how once again, the course added great intrigue to create a great race and spectacle. We also look back on the final night of track and field from the stadium, where an historically fast men's 800m produced four of the top 8 times ever, and France got its first athletics medal. Kipyegon did the expected in a fast women's 1500m, and Ingebrigtsen did the obvious in winning a slow men's 5000m. The relays, as always, capped off a great night with a near world record for the USA women, and an epic race between USA and Botswana in the men's race.
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Sun, 11 Aug 2024 - 1h 29min - 191 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 15 - A Magnificent Marathon and a Night of Redemption on the Track
Tamirat Tola won the men's Olympic Marathon gold today, but it was the marathon course that we thought was the star of the show, as it threw two severe hills at the athletes, creating a dynamic, unpredictable race full of excitement. We explain how Tola conquered that course in remarkable fashion to break the Olympic Record with aggressive hill running. We also look back on the track action, which included relay medals for some athletes who came so close to individual podiums, as well as a double gold and bronze in the women's 10000m, and an impressively fast women's 400m. Finally, we talk breaking, boxing and the IOC's disgrace, and look ahead to the final night of track action from Paris.
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Sat, 10 Aug 2024 - 1h 23min - 190 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 14 - Tebogo claims the 200m, McLaughlin-Levrone breaks a WR, and Holloway gets his gold
The Paris 2024 Olympics were hyped as the Noah Lyles games, with the American's campaign to win four gold medals the anticipated storyline. That storyline was terminated by Botswana's Letsile Tebogo in the men's 200m final last night, and it was subsequently revealed that Lyles had tested positive for Covid on Tuesday. We discuss Tebogo's 19.46s victory, and contrast his approach to the brash approach of Lyles in a rivalry that may continue to produce fast times and good quotes. Another rivalry produced a mismatch, where Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone destroyed both the world record, and a field including Femke Bol, in another remarkable 400m hurdles race. We talk about Bol's all-or-nothing race that ultimately cost her silver. We also discuss the latest salvo in the WADA-USADA dispute, which threatens to undermine the credibility of anti-doping, as the power struggle and allegation game continue. Finally, we look ahead to the second-last night of track finals, and even remember that there's a marathon happening in Paris tomorrow!
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Here's that WADA statement that we discuss on the show
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Fri, 09 Aug 2024 - 1h 28min - 189 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 13 - Men's 400m and Steeplechase golds, and a weight loss controversy
The men's 400m Olympic Champion is Quincy Hall, who produced a remarkable final 100m to reel in Matthew Hudson Smith. We discuss the historically fast race, with a focus on Hall's last 100m were a triumph due to survival, rather than a blistering kick. We also analyze the men's 3000m steeplechase, where el-Bakkali defended his gold and Girma's hopes crashed, literally, into the Paris track. A brief look at the team pursuit golds in cycling is followed by a news round-up including a fascinating wrestling weight loss controversy, and some drama around lane draws for Olympic finals, with some implications for tonight's action. Finally, we preview the big track finals tonight, and Ross the Octopus makes his gold medal picks.
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Here is the story of the Indian weightlifter, Vinesh Phogat, discussed on the show
A graphic showing the change in lane draw allocations for the track finals - better than listening to Ross try to explain them
Kenny Bednarek's tweet and the resultant discussion that he protested
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Thu, 08 Aug 2024 - 1h 15min - 188 - Paris Special: The Art and Science of Sport Climbing
Sport Climbing is one of the newest additions to the Olympic sporting menu. In Paris, climbers tackle two distinct disciplines - boulder/lead, and speed climbing. In this special episode, we are joined by Tim Cross, a science writer with The Economist, to reveal the hidden side of sport climbing. We talk about the differences between these disciplines, and how the competitions are scored and won. We also about the physiological demands of the sport, the ideal body types for climbing, and how route design presents new challenges for climbers that means that climbing excellence is both art and science, mental and physical.
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The IFSC Policy for RED-S, as discussed on the podcast
For Discourse members only, Discourse Member Julia Littlefair shared some really interesting thoughts on the RED-S issue. This thread also includes links to other interesting material on this issue.
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Wed, 07 Aug 2024 - 47min - 187 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 12 - How Cole Hocker Became an Olympic 1500m Champion in a Race for the Ages
In one of the most hyped, anticipated track races in recent memory, it was Cole Hocker, and not the big favourites Jakob Ingebrigtsen or Josh Kerr, who emerged as the Olympic 1500m champion. The race lived up to its billing - Ingebrigtsen's aggressive pace-setting, Kerr hunting from behind, and Hocker, patient and poised, waiting to unleash what turned out to be the deadliest kick of all. We review the race, offering insights on Ingebrigtsen's pace selection, which truly was all or nothing as he faded to finish fourth. We also discuss the other track finals (women's 200m and 3000m Steeplechase), and explore a track cycling world record deluge in Paris' velodrome.
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Wed, 07 Aug 2024 - 1h 10min - 186 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 11 - Hodgkinson delivers under pressure and 5000m controversy
Keely Hodgkinson has her Olympic Gold. The pre-race favourite delivered under pressure with a commanding front-running performance to secure an elusive global title. We discuss the race pattern that delivered the gold with big margins behind, and explain why it suggests a lot more to come from Hodgkinson. Beatrice Chebet outclassed Faith Kipyegon in the women's 5000m, in a race marred by a clash between Kipyegon and another pre-race favourites, Gudaf Tsegay. Mondo DuPlantis did Mondo things, winning relatively comfortably and then ticking off an Olympic record followed by another World Record in the Pole Vault. We dissect those performances, and wrap up the Artistic Gymnastics where falls and drama were the order of the day, as well as Gareth's new found Olympic love, Canoe Slalom Cross.
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Tue, 06 Aug 2024 - 1h 04min - 185 - Bonus Episode: Why test the sex of an athlete? The IOC seem confused. We offer some reasons
In a recent press conference, the IOC were asked why they believed sex eligibility tests done on the now controversial boxers were arbitrary? In response, they said "There's no reason for the test", and appeared to equivocate on what the purpose of testing might be. This is the latest in a series of side-steps in which the IOC are downplaying what those tests actually show - males in women's combat sport - and instead undermining why they were done. But for sport, the ability to assess who is eligible for a category is not arbitrary, it is fundamental to making the category work. Weight classes only work because of weigh-ins, for instance. In this Bonus episode, Ross addresses this, directly addressing the IOC to explain why the category boundary can only be defended if some form of testing is welcomed. He explains how every IOC statement on this issue should be understood as the necessary defence of their choice of inclusion ahead of fairness and safety for females, and offers the solution that would be welcomed if the choice had been made to defend fairness and safety, instead.
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Mon, 05 Aug 2024 - 16min - 184 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 10 - How Noah Lyles became Olympic 100m Champion by 5/1000th of a second
It's Noah Lyles. The big 100m showdown in Paris saw the top four separated by 0.03s, wity 5/1000th between gold and silver. Noah Lyles came out on the winning side of that margin, defeating Kishane Thompson, with Fred Kerley taking bronze ahead of SA's Akani Simbine. The winning time, 9.784s may not have been super fast, but the race was historically deep with positions 4 to 8 all running the fastest times ever recorded for those finishing places. We discuss the tension of the 100m, and look at 10m splits and speeds to discover how the race was won by Lyles despite his slow start. We also look back at the women's cycling road race, where Kristen Faulkner delivered a perfectly timed attack to take gold from more fancied rivals. Finally, we wrap up the Olympic swimming action, where the USA delivered two world records to move to the top of the medal table, with a look back on the winners and losers from the pool.
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Mon, 05 Aug 2024 - 1h 14min - 183 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 9 - Julien Alfred: Olympic 100m champion. Plus cycling, swimming & relay analysis
A new 100m Olympic Champion was crowned in Paris as Julien Alfred pulled of an upset of sorts (but not entirely!) to win gold in 10.72s, ahead of Sha'Carri Richardson. We assess the race, explaining how Alfred's 2024 season had hinted at this performance, and how Sha'Carri Richardson didn't manage overcome a series of poor starts to add Olympic gold to her World title. We also discuss a majestic 'hunt' relay leg from Femke Bol, to shock the USA in the mixed 4 x 400m relay final. Men's cycling saw another first, with Remco Evenepoel winning the road race, and becoming the first man to win both TT and Road golds in the same Games. We also wrap up a medal rich evening in the pool, and update you on the latest news in the IOC's tragi-comedy handling of the 'Humans whose passports say women and so they're ok for women's boxing' controversy.
Show notes
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Sun, 04 Aug 2024 - 1h 09min - 182 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 8 - Cheptegei wins 10000m gold, and a French 1-2-3
Joshua Cheptegei is the Olympic 10,000m champion, after he beat a stellar field in a fast race to open the Track programme in Paris. We discuss that race, and the Ethiopian tactics that set it up perfectly for Cheptegei. We also discuss the BMX racing, where France reach new levels of euphoria with a clean sweep of the men's podium, while Australia dominated the women's race to win gold. BMX racers produce the highest power output recorded in the sport - over 2000W to get the first bend advantage that often decides the race. We explore that and explain the metabolic demands of the race. We then preview the day ahead, where Katie Ledecky aims to cement her legacy, and the women's 100m title will be decided on the track. Will Sha'Carri Richardson do what she did in Budapest, or might the occasion, and some rivals, upset the race favourite?
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to our Discourse forum where other listeners share their thoughts and responses to these issues
Sean Ingle's article on the technology boost for track athletes in Paris
Another piece by Sean, this one on the World Record in the 4 x 400 mixed relay
Piece on Cameron McEvoys shift in training
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Sat, 03 Aug 2024 - 1h 18min - 181 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 7 - Biles soars, Women's boxing controversy and the Track programme begins
Simone Biles established herself as the world's best gymnast in Paris, but it wasn't without a challenge from Brazil's Rebeca Andrade. The first golds were handed out in the track and field programme, won by Ecuador and China in the 20km race-walking events. We talk about how race walking is judged, and whether high tech shoes make a difference to walkers as they do to runners? In the news, athletes aren't happy with the food in the village, tennis legends are out and retiring, and the IOC flexes its plastic muscles in realms of doping control and fair and safe women's sport. Plus, we look ahead to the opening night in the Track programme, where the 10000m gold should be fought out between east African giants from Uganda, Ethiopia and Kenya.
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to our Discourse forum where other listeners share their thoughts and responses to these issues
The Lanterne Rouge preview of the road cycling
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Fri, 02 Aug 2024 - 57min - 180 - Science of Sport Bonus Short: Biles beats rivals and "the Twisties". Insights from performance psychology
Simone Biles became the Olympic All Around champion for a second time in Paris yesterday. In doing so, she defeated her rivals, seemingly conquered gravity on some elements, and put to rest certain 'demons' from Tokyo 2021. Back then, she withdrew from competition citing a case of "the twisties". But what are the twisties? Often described as equivalent to the "yips" that affect golfers, the twisties can affect athletes in skill movement sports, effectively costing them the ability to know where their bodies are in space. To explore this phenomenon, and understand how athletes overcome it, we are joined by Prof Dave Collins, a performance psychologist with 40 years' experience in elite sport. Prof Collins has worked with 90 elite athletes, many in sports where the dreaded twisties can strike, such as freestyle skiing, BMX, snowboarding and gymnastics. He explains the differences between the yips and the twisties, and offers insights into they are conquered.
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to our Discourse forum where other listeners share their thoughts and responses to these issues
Guest Prof Dave Collins' website
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Fri, 02 Aug 2024 - 11min - 179 - Paris 2024: Males Are About To Fight in Women's Boxing. How Did We Get Here?
The controversial issue of males in women's sport has reared its head at the Paris Olympics. In this episode, the team discuss the case of two boxers who were disqualified after failing 'gender eligibility tests' by their international federation at last year's World Championships but, despite being biologically male, are competing in Paris. We discuss how this situation has arisen, including an explanation of the governance issues that led to their inclusion, and the biological factors that give rise to the Differences of Sex Development (DSDs) that are thought to be responsible for these two cases. We explain how significant male advantage is in sport, and why boxing, of all the sports, is one that should recognise male biology and its implications. Finally, we offer insight into the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) Principles of Fairness and Inclusion, contrasting this with other sports that regulate women's sport and exclude male advantage.
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to our Discourse forum where other listeners share their thoughts and responses to these issues
The IOC's Framework on Inclusion with the ten principles discussed in the show, including "Number 1: Inclusion", and "No Presumption of Advantage"The Scientific Paper that accompanied the IOC Framework aboveWe (Ross) co-authored a scientific rebuttal to that paper, addressing some of the issues with the science and human rightsHere is theIOC Guidance on language use in Paris, as raised by Gareth on the showThe International Boxing Association Technical and Competition Rules, which include, at 4.2. Eligibility Guidelines for Gender. Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Thu, 01 Aug 2024 - 47min - 178 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 6 - Marchand Marches on, Triathlon Analysis and the Psychology of the Twisties
Leon Marchand gave France even more to celebrate as completed a unique double, winning both butterfly and breaststroke golds in the pool last night. Ross and Gareth discuss those performances, along with a World Record in the pool, and add some insights on how swimmers manage their races.
Other highlights in this episode include analysis of the Men's and Women's Triathlon races, discussion about the wildly successful Sevens tournament in Paris, and a men's all round gymnastics competition that went to the very last performance. We also learn about the psychology of the Twisties, and how gymnasts manage their emotions under pressure to deliver technical athletic excellence
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
Jump to 1:08:14 for the Twisties psychology conversation with Prof Dave Collins
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Thu, 01 Aug 2024 - 1h 24min - 177 - Paris 2024: An Insiders Guide to the Track & Field Sprints
Get an insiders views on the sprint events at the Paris Olympics with Stu McMillan, one of the world's top sprint coaches. Currently in his 25th year of professional coaching, he has worked with professional and amateur athletes in a variety of sports - with the focus being on power and speed development. He has personally coached over 70 Olympians at 7 Olympic Games; over 30 of whom have won Olympic medals. Since 2013, McMillan has been based in Phoenix, Arizona, at sprint academy ALTIS, where I he is co-owner and CEO.
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Wed, 31 Jul 2024 - 45min - 176 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 5 - E. Coli Training, Rare Swimming Doubles and Dubious Doping Denials
Day 4 in Paris was meant to bring us a Triathlon conversation, but that was pushed back, maybe to today, by E.Coli levels in the Seine. We discuss the implications of the delay, and learn about some extreme training approaches (that we don't recommend). The swimming action is building, including a rare double attempt by Leon Marchand in the butterfly and breaststroke, and a stuttering gold medal campaign from the USA. News from Paris includes more dubious doping denials, less than elite accommodation in the Olympic Village, and a fascinating insight into the precision of timing in swimming.
Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
Theinjury and illness surveillance study mentioned in the podcast, this time back to Rio 2016
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Wed, 31 Jul 2024 - 54min - 175 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 4 - An Epic MTB Duel as Pidcock is Patient, Powerful and then Punchy to Win Gold
Ross and Gareth look back on Day 3 action, which featured one of the great races of the Games - an all-time epic mountain bike duel. We also review the swimming golds, and round up the Paris news, from skateboarding the streets of Paris to surfing the corals of Tahiti.
On the decks in this episode:
Tom Pidcock duels Victor Koretzky in a race for the ages. Overcoming a puncture, the defending champion was initially patient, then powerful, and ultimately punchy as he denied France a men-women MTB double. We break down an incredible race, and discuss how Pidcock managed his efforts to return to the front after his punctureAnother finger tip finish in the pool saw David Popovici win 200m freestyle gold by 0.02sAnother teenager, Summer Mcintosh, added 400m Medley gold to her silver in the 400m freestyle, with a dominant winWe talk pacing strategy, tactics and playing to your strengths in the pool, bringing up the swimming pacing paradoxA news roundup that includes skateboarding musings and a dramatic end to the men's team gymnastics competitionThe Men's Triathlon is tomorrow. We hope. The swimming remains in jeopardy. We talk about how that plays out in the athlete's minds and preparationShow notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
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Tue, 30 Jul 2024 - 48min - 174 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 3 - Dominance for France, millisecond defeats for others, and looming DSD controversies
Ross and Gareth look back on Day 2 in Paris, which was characterized by dominance for some, despair for others, and defeats by the tiniest of margins - milliseconds and magnifying glasses. We also tackle cupping, tell the truth about lactate and fatigue, and discuss a looming controversy about males in women's sport, thanks to the IOC's leadership. On the deck:
Swimming on night 2 produced a French gold and dominant win for Leon Marchand, and gold by the smallest of margins by Nicolo MartinenghiWe correct some errors in understanding of lactate's role in fatigue, as explained by the BBC in Paris two nights agoThe Mountain Biking produced an even more dominant win for France, with Pauline Ferrand Prevot destroying the competition. Crashes and bad luck punctuated the hunt for the medals she left behindA DSD controversy is growing, where both boxing and football have cases in women's events. The IOC have already acted to create this situation, and won't intervene, leaving the issue to build, to the detriment of women's fairness and safetyWe look ahead to Day 3, where the men's MTB should produce a closer battle for gold, and where five golds are on offer in the pool.Show notes
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
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Mon, 29 Jul 2024 - 39min - 173 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 2 - Triumphs for France and Australia, Looking Ahead to Day 2
France overcame Fiji and the pressure of expectation to win the first team gold of the Paris Games, and much was owed to the influence of Antoine Dupont on the Semi-final and Final. Gareth and Ross talk about Dupont's impact on those games. We also briefly review the Cycling Time-Trials, narrowly won by Remco Evenepoel and dominantly won by Grace Brown, and the opening night of swimming where the 4 x 100m freestyle relays were split between the USA and Australia. Finally, we look ahead to Day 2 action, which includes strong favourites for more home gold in women's MTB, swimming and judo, and the first of the potential Chinese swimmer controversies.
Show notes:
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
I got some of the details wrong when we discussed the underwater swimming speeds, but this is the story of the underwater swimmer and the rule change
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Sun, 28 Jul 2024 - 32min - 172 - Paris 2024 Daily: Day 1 - Swimming Finals, Sevens Gold and a Lesson in Judo
Let the Games Begin! The Paris 2024 Olympics get underway for real today, with the first gold medals being handed out. In this Paris 2024 special, Gareth and Ross look ahead to three of the major medals being contested on Day 1. They are the men's and women's Cycling Time-trials, where Remco Evenepoel attempts to carry Tour form, but not fatigue, into a matchup against Josh Tarling and Filippo Ganna, time-trial specialists who have specifically targeted Paris.
Second, we discuss the first night of swimming, which kicks off the USA vs Australia rivalry in the form of 4 x 100m Freestyle relays and a pair of 400m Freestyle finals. The latter will deliver one of the most anticipated matchups of the Games - only five women in history have broken four minutes in the 400m Freestyle, and four of them are expected to battle it out for gold in this race. We also talk pool technology, a shallower than normal pool, and how pacing is at a premium for swimmers at the Games.
Finally, on the medal billing, the men's 7s gold is also up for grabs in front of a packed Stade de France, where a frenetic and occasionally flustered France remain in the hunt in a competition that is wide open after the two pre-event favourites were knocked out in the quarter-finals. It leaves France to play SA, while defending champions Fiji face Australia in what has set the stage for a fabulously supported Olympic Games.
Then we are joined by James Austin, a three-time British Judo champion and 2012 Judo Olympian, who explains some of the fundamentals of Judo to us. We'll learn how the bout is won and lost, what it takes to be a champion, the tension between attack and defence, the Olympic programme, and some of his picks and highlights, all of which we hope enriches your Paris Olympics watching.
Show notes:
Here's where you go to sign up for Patron, with a small monthly pledge, which then gives you access to the richness of the Discourse forum mentioned on the show
Here's The Original Judo Podcast, run by our guest James Austin
The home page of the International Judo Federation
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Sat, 27 Jul 2024 - 59min - 171 - Paris 2024: Mountainbike Preview with Swiss star Marcel Guerrini
Swiss MTB star, and fifth-place finisher at the 2022 World Championships, Marcel Guerrini offers unique insight into the races and the course ahead of the XCO mountain biking events at the Olympic Games. Guerrini suggests the men's race is more open than most think, that there is one athlete most likely to win the women's race and why tyre choice may make all the difference. The women's XCO event takes place on Sunday, July 28 and the men's on Monday, July 29.
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Fri, 26 Jul 2024 - 23min - 170 - Paris 2024: Kara Goucher On Trusting Performances In An Age of Mistrust
On the eve of the Paris Olympics, Kara Goucher joins Ross to put their minds to the fans' dilemma - how do we celebrate the performances we see from the best athletes in the world while we struggle to trust their credibility amidst perverse incentives, suspicious behaviours and an anti-doping system we know is far from effective? Goucher is uniquely positioned to offer insights on this question: an elite athlete who reached the podium in global track and marathon events, she not only saw behind the secretive curtain of doping, but lived it as an athlete in the Nike Oregon Project. She eventually became a whistleblower, before transitioning into a new phase of her sporting life - a commentator for NBC, where she now brings track and field performances to life. But how does she compartmentalise the conflicting emotions of doubt and joy to interpret and promote the best performances ever achieved by athletes? She explains her views, talks candidly about the challenges of being a whistleblower, and how athletes should respond to the mistrust and skepticism directed towards them. Finally, she picks her three best events to watch from Paris, and even offers a potential surprise winner of the men's 1500m gold medal.
Show notes:
Become a Discourse member and join the conversation. Sign up with a donation here, at the Patron site, and get access to Discourse
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Thu, 25 Jul 2024 - 42min - 169 - Paris 2024 Daily: All lights on Paris as the Olympics begin
In this episode, Ross & Gareth shine the spotlight on The City of Light, where the Olympic Games begin today, with the Men's Football and Sevens preliminary matches kicking off 19 days of sporting action. After a brief look back at our personal Tour de France highlights and the results of our Discourse Fantasy League, we discuss our plans for a daily Science of Sport Jeux du Jour/Games of the Day show. In this show, we'll offer sports science insights on the medal action from the day/night before, and then preview the expected upcoming highlights of the next day. Gareth also shares his thoughts on the relevance of the Olympic Games. Finally, we invite you to share your expertise on the Olympics sports with our Science of Sport Discourse community, and even showcase just how much we need your input by pretending we know even the first thing about horse training and abuse controversies in the equestrian events!
Show notes
Become a Discourse member and join the conversation. Sign up with a donation here, at the Patron site, and get access to Discourse
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Wed, 24 Jul 2024 - 36min - 168 - Paris 2024: Are The Olympic Games Still Relevant?
How relevant are the Olympic Games in the modern era and can they stand the test of time? Join Ross and Mike, along with top US sports journalist and author Jon Wertheim, as they look back on the lessons learnt in history, the economics, the legacy and the potential future of the Games. Wertheim is executive editor and senior writer for Sports Illustrated US, focussing on the tennis beat, sports business and social issues, and enterprise journalism.
In addition to his work at SI, he is a correspondent for "60 Minutes" and a commentator for The Tennis Channel. He has authored 11 books and has been honoured with two Emmys, numerous writing and investigative journalism awards, and the Eugene Scott Award from the International Tennis Hall of Fame. Wertheim is a longtime member of the New York Bar Association (retired), the International Tennis Writers Association and the Writers Guild of America. He has a bachelor's in history from Yale University and received a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania. He resides in New York City.
Show notes
Join our Discourse community by becoming a Patron of the Podcast, and tap into the Olympic fever with like-minded fans. Once signed up, you'll have access to this Discourse page
Jon's book on the Glory days of 1984 can be found here
Here is an excerpt of the book, published in SI
If you're a tennis fan, you can follow Jon's Sports Illustrated Mailbag, here's one example
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Tue, 23 Jul 2024 - 1h 02min - 167 - Science of Sport Spotlight 6: How Pro Cyclists Use Carbon Monoxide / Pogacar's Superhuman Numbers
In a recent article on the Escape Collective, claims were made that Tour de France cyclists are using carbon monoxide to enhance their performance. But is it really that big a deal or is there more to this story? Mike and Ross break down how carbon monoxide is used and potentially abused as cyclists looked for any means to get an advantage. The team also break down some the incredible numbers being pushed out by Tadej Pogacar at Le Tour and ask the question on everyone's lips: Can we believe it?
SHOW NOTES:
Carbon monoxide use:
The original Carbon monoxide article
A paper on how Hb Mass is related closely to VO2max
Some sources for power output estimates at the Tour de France:
The detailed analysis of the Plateau du Beille stage, and comparison against historical performances
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Wed, 17 Jul 2024 - 43min - 166 - Science of Sport Spotlight 5: The Research Studies That Shaped Sports Science Knowledge
The spotlight falls on the most influential sports science research ever published. A recent paper produced a list of the 100 most influential sports science papers of the last 100 years. Gareth and Ross choose a handful of them, discussing what they found, what their authors didn't know at the time (and got wrong), and what it means today. We discover that the arc of sports science knowledge runs through all these studies, connecting people from AV Hill to Noakes, and themes including oxygen debt, lactate, altitude, pacing strategies, fatigue, and even the 2-hour marathon !
Show notes
Become a Patron here, and then join the discussion on on Discourse Community
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: The paper that inspired the episode, a collection of 100 influential sports science articlesThe AV Hill Paper on muscular exertion, oxygen and 'lactic acid'. The OG of sports scienceGeorge Brooks proposes the Lactate ShuttleNoakes, St Clair Gibson and Lambert explain the concept of complex regulation. This is the summary and conclusion paper. The more detailed papers are:Why the "catastrophic model for fatigue" fails to explain real-world performance physiologyEvidence for complex systems integration and regulation of muscle activityHow fatigue and performance help control homeostasis during exercisede Koning and Foster explain how pacing is regulated during exercise, using the RPE and duration remainingMichael Joyner applies his physiological determinants of the marathon to the sub-2 hour questionLundby's review questioning the performance benefits of altitude trainingA more recent review on altitude training that covers how periodization, managing training, repeat visits and smarter nutrition may help create and increase the effectA more detailed paper on the role of nutrition when at altitude Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Thu, 11 Jul 2024 - 45min - 165 - Paris 2024: How to Make an Olympic Athlete
Mark Coogan has been there, done that and got the t-shirt. As a former track athlete, sub-4 minute miler, Olympic marathoner and author of the book 'Personal Best Running', Coogan is passing on his wealth of talent to some of America's top track and field stars with much success. In this discussion, Coogan talks candidly about the process of developing Olympic-level elite athletes, how to spot elite-level talent, what makes a champion athlete, how to train athletes for events as important as the controversial American Trials and the Olympic Games and whether the sport is in a good place globally. Coogan works in the engine room of top-class athletics and his insights will inspire all levels of sports people.
Follow Mark
Instagram & X@mark_coogan
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Fri, 05 Jul 2024 - 1h 25min - 164 - Science of Sport Spotlight 4: Shining a Tour de France Light On Exercise In The Heat
In this Spotlight, the team discuss exercise in the heat, using the challenging conditions and travails of Mark Cavendish and others in the Tour de France's first two stages as the catalyst. We explore why athletes 'fail' in the heat, and how the brain pulls a physiological ripcord to protect us when we either don't pace ourselves appropriately, or can't lose the heat we need to in order to avoid critical hyperthermia. We also briefly assess the state of the Tour's yellow jersey battle, where the first shots were landed by Pogacar on the Galibier in yesterday's Stage 4. But will they be decisive, and how likely is Vingegaard to bounce back and improve as the race progresses?
Show notes
Become a Patron and join the Discourse community
Some papers on heat stroke and limiting hyperthermia
A position statement on heatstroke, including details on risk factors and pathology. Find out about "leaky guts" here!One of the Danish studies that shows how the hot brain just stops activating muscle and causes us to fail at exerciseAnother paper showing that perceived exertion is altered by hyperthermia during exercise in the heatTour de France insights
This is the best podcast you'll listen to on the Tour, in my opinion. That is, if you really like a deep technical dive into the tactics of the raceThe analysis of Pogacar's record climb of the Galibier yesterday. Note that it was a hard stage, and so a real test of durabilityThe record was also broken on San Luca on Stage 2. Here's that analysis and power estimateThe Olympic Sport bracket that Gareth mentioned on the show - will road cycling bounce back and beat the marathon in the popularity stakes?
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Wed, 03 Jul 2024 - 35min - 163 - Science of Sport Spotlight 3: TDF 2024 Preview
The Tour de France begins Saturday and in this Spotlight, Ross and Gareth gaze into their crystal balls to discuss whether Jonas Vingegaard, the two-time defending champ, can recover from his April accident to challenge race favourite Tadej Pogacar? They explore how his injuries will have set back his preparation, and the challenges he'll have faced to balance recovery with adapting for the demands of a Grand Tour. They also explain how his 'durability' may be compromised, and how Pogacar may look to exploit this tactically, to kill the contest in Week 1. Add in some speculation and predictions we both hope are proven incorrect, and you have a TDF teed up for discussion and debate!
Become a Patron and join the Discourse community
Our TDF Fantasy League is open - here are the details
The physiology of the Grand Tours
What happens to the hormone levels during a Grand tour?Review of the physiology of the Tour, with some high level overviews of the requirements to race a Grand TourPerformance requirements of racing a Grand Tour, with some nice power data from the very best cyclistsDurability in cycling, as discussed on the show
A field study of durability in elite cyclists, showing a 3% (average) drop in 20 min TT power after a fatiguing bout. Note that the fatiguing bout used (10 kJ/kg/hr) is equivalent to an easy-to-moderate mountain day in the Tour. UAE will want rivals to do a LOT more work than this before attacking in the final 20 minutesAnice study looking at how fatigue affects the power-duration curve in elite cyclists. This shows that World Tour riders are more "durable" than Pro Tour riders, and that the greater the work before "the test", the greater the decline. Again, a cue for a rider who wants to win the Tour to put his rivals under pressure before the final climbResource for power estimates in the Tour
Pogacar's best climb of the Giro, because of the work done before it, and the altitudeCrazy high numbers from Switzerland on the short 43km stage where fatigue was not a factorRoglic's best Dauphine performance, contextualized against Pogacar at the Giro - just a few percent off where it needs to be to match Pogacar Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Thu, 27 Jun 2024 - 28min - 162 - The Real Science Of Hydration During Exercise
Dr Tamara Hew-Butler is the Queen of Hyponatremia (@hyponaqueen on X). What's hyponatremia, you may be wondering? It is a condition that is far more dangerous than dehydration, and which can develop when we drink too much fluid during exercise, with potentially lethal and often tragic consequences. We have been conditioned to fear the health and performance risks of dehydration during exercise, to believe that we cannot afford to lose fluid, and that by the time we are thirsty, it's too late. But Hew Butler, a world authority on fluid requirements during exercise, is here to set the record straight, to explain how exquisitely our bodies regulate our sodium and fluid levels, and why we can and should trust our physiology instead of the marketing messages of sports drinks and water companies. This is an episode that will challenge beliefs, and set the record straight on exercise hydration.
Show notes
Become a Patron and join the Discourse community
Links to articles on the subject matter of the podcast
Tami is lead author on a series of consensus statements on Exercise Associated Hyponatremia. This is the most recent version of that consensusThe Men's Health article mentioned on the show, discussing overhydrationand quoting TamiA review article by Tami, published in 2017, with details on the physiology, treatment and prevention of hyponatremiaA 2022 paper by Tami, on the Physiology, Psychology and pathophysiology of overhydrationA study Tami was involved in looking at soldiers doing a 40km march, showing that drinking to thirst avoided the dangers of both hyponatremia and dehydrationIn the show, we spoke about research we did at the Comrades Ultramarathon. Here is one of the papers from those studies in the medical tentTwo papers on what typically happens during ultra-endurance exercise, first in Ironman athletes, by Sharwood et alA second paper describing over 2000 endurance athletes and the changes in body weight, sodium levels and hydration statusThe first case series of hyponatremic athlete in the Comrades, going all the way back to the 1980sTami's X handle: @hyponaqueen Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Tue, 25 Jun 2024 - 1h 19min - 161 - Science of Sport Spotlight 2: Kenya's doping induced credibility crisis
Kenyan athletes are being banned, literally, by the hundreds. The country that produces many of the world's outstanding distance performers has a huge credibility crisis. It is clear that doping is widespread, but frustratingly, despite dozens of athletes being caught and banned every month, we are no closer to identifying how what have been described as "sophisticated doping regimes" are being managed and delivered to many of the best Kenyan athletes. In this Spotlight, the second episode of the Series, Ross and Gareth talk about the extent of the problem, the challenges faced by authorities who are casting their own spotlight on Kenyan running, and the shadow that sadly looms over Kenyan medals and records.
Show notes
Sign up to become a Patron of the show and join the conversation
The latest AIU list of banned Kenyan runners, as at 1 June 2024. This list has since grown by about 30 namesA year ago, Kenyan government pledged to fight the doping problem with a significant investment. The bans now may be the result, but is it the solution?Rhonex Kipruto is one of the biggest Kenyan names banned to date. Here is the AIU Reasoned Decision describing the ban, including the results and graphs discussed by Ross and Gareth on the showOlympic surveys:
Here is the survey we have created for you to rate every Olympic sport's "athleticism" and attributesHere is the"bracket", where you choose your favourite Olympic sport in a series of Head-to-Head battles. We are now in Round 2
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Thu, 20 Jun 2024 - 28min - 160 - The Science and Art of Good Running
Dr Geoff Burns lives and breaths running. From his own accomplishments as an elite-level ultra racer, Burns has spent years researching the biomechanics of running, the science behind what makes great runners and the impact of the new super shoes in this new age of running. Burns has a PhD in Sports Science, is a physiologist with the US Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC) and is a researcher and engineer with a special interest in running.
SHOW NOTES
The paper that describes the relationship between calf circumference and running economy
The Japanese study comparing the tendon function of Kenyans to Japanese runners
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Tue, 18 Jun 2024 - 2h 04min - 159 - Science of Sport Spotlight 1: Lia Thomas loses case against World Aquatics
Today we introduce the Science of Sport Spotlight, a category of podcast that we intend to use to round up all the big sports stories with a sports science angle, and then share those insights with you. Today, we discuss the news that transgender swimmer Lia Thomas has lost a case brought against World Aquatics' transgender guidelines at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. But it's not entirely as it seems - the case was dismissed because Thomas is not eligible to bring the case as Thomas is no longer a member of US Swimming. In this Spotlight episode, Professor Ross Tucker explains why that is frustrating for World Aquatics and other sports, and why the Thomas case would have made an interesting test in the court.
Notes:
Sean ingle's article on the decisionThe research paper by Senefeld that analysis Thomas' performance changes with testosterone suppression, alluded to in the showAnother research paper, on which I am a co-author, which explains why the IOC Guideline on the trans issue is so misguidedPatrons only: The discourse thread that mentions the Ultra cycling race won by a trans woman this past weekendYou can join the ongoing sports science conversation, and support our work, by becoming a Patron member at this link.
That Patron membership gives you access to our Discourse channels, where like-minded enthusiasts discuss sports science and news
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Thu, 13 Jun 2024 - 14min - 158 - 50 Days to Go: Let the (build up to the) Games begin
With 50 days to go to the Paris Olympics, it's all systems go for athletes, coaches, and media. Sean Ingle will be covering his 7th Olympic Games, and he joins us from Rome's European Track and Field Championships to talk about some of the themes we expect to make the news at these Paris Games. They include tech's pervasive and unavoidable influence on performance, a simmering feud in the world of anti-doping, and the evolution and relevance of the Olympic Games in the face of both external and internal pressures. We also present The Official Science of Sport surveys in which you get to vote for your favourite event of the Games, and our ambitious consensus project to classify the Olympic Sports by their physiological and psychological demands. A busy period of great sport starts here!
Show notes:
Here is where you sign up to become a Patron and get access to our awesome and informative Discourse community
The Discourse page, for those who are already Patrons of the pod (you sign in with your Patron log-ins)
If you want to join our survey to rate the Olympic sports for their athletic components, here is the link to the once-off survey
Our'bracket' challenge to pick your most engaging, popular specific event
We spoke of tech in cycling on the show, and here's an announcement from Team GB/Lotus about their track bikes for their Paris campaign
Here's the paper with Kenenisa Bekele has a co-author, that recognizes that the new era performances, powered by super shoes, and aided by wavelights, need an asteriskalongside them
Follow Sean Ingle on Twitter/X
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Thu, 06 Jun 2024 - 1h 19min - 157 - The Habits of Good Sleep
Join host Mike Finch, co-host Prof. Jill Warner and Dr Dale Rae, Director at Sleep Science and a Senior Lecturer in the Division of Physiological Sciences at the University of Cape Town, as they discuss what good sleeping habits look like, what constitutes a good sleep routine, catching up on sleep, the effects of sleep deprivation and why sleep dictates mood regulation, body health and even weight gain.
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Mon, 03 Jun 2024 - 32min - 156 - The Sceptics Guide To Sports Science with Dr Nick Tiller
Dr Nick Tiller literally wrote the book on it, The Skeptics Guide to Sports Science (available from Amazon HERE). As an exercise scientist at Harbour-UCLA in the US, columnist, writer and author, Tiller challenges many of the claims made by marketers and others, in the name of sport science. With the team Tiller delves into the details of questionable sports science, how to spot the good from the bad and the areas where sports science is most vulnerable.
Follow Nick:
Web: www.nbtiller.com Instagram: @nb.tiller X:@NBTiller
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Thu, 16 May 2024 - 1h 14min - 155 - The Science of Weight Training
The team is joined by Professor Stuart Phillips from the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University and one of the leading experts on resistance training. Phillips is the Director of the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence (PACE), the McMaster Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Health Research and Lab Lead for the Exercise Metabolism Research Group. In this episode Phillips explains the amazing benefits of weight training, why even a little can reap big benefits for everyone and what sort of training suits best depending on your age, sport and goals.
SHOW NOTES:
Join us on Patreon for more content including access to our Science of Sport Discourse platform, and join the conversation!
Follow our guestProf Stuart Phillips on X
Stuart's recent paper on the coming of age of resistance training as a primary form of exercise for health
A previous article on Stuart's resistance training research from his university
A few of the specific papers on strength training that were discussed on the show:
Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young menTraining for strength and hypertrophy: an evidence-based approachLow-load high volume resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis more than high-load low volume resistance exercise in young menEffects of once- versus twice-weekly eccentric resistance training on muscular function and structure in older adults: a randomised controlled trialInstagram handle for Avery Faigenbaum, Professor of Pediatric Exercise Science, who Stuart mentioned as a good source of information
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Mon, 06 May 2024 - 1h 29min - 154 - DISCOURSE: China's Swimming Doping Controversy / Marathon Season Latest / Should Olympic Medallists Get Prize Money?
A wrap-up of the best stories on our Discourse channel: Spring marathon season: The top performers / Should Eliud Kipchoge go to the Paris Olympics? / Why track and field athletes are earning prize money in Paris for the first time / Is the UCI doing enough to ensure the safety of pro cyclists? / China's doping controversy sparks division in the anti-doping world.
SHOW NOTES:
The Guardian story on prize money in athletics at the Paris Olympics
WADA statement on the case of the 23 swimmers
Travis Tygart from USADA releases a statement about WADA statement
WADA statement following comments by Tygart
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Wed, 24 Apr 2024 - 1h 31min - 153 - INTERVIEW: How to Fuel For Maximum Endurance Performance
Building on from our previous discussions on optimal fuelling for endurance exercise, in this episode we go deep into the details of why carbohydrates are the rocket fuel for our bodies, and how we can take advantage of metabolic agility and different fuel strategies to unlock performance gains. To do this, we are joined by Dr Jamie Whitfield, a postdoctoral researcher in exercise nutrition and an expert in muscle physiology and metabolism. We explore how your body ‘chooses’ whether to burn fats or carbs as fuel and which carbs it prioritizes as we change our intensity and diet. We discuss whether fasting or feasting before exercise is beneficial, and we learn whether ketogenic diets hinder or enhance exercise performance.
SHOW NOTES:
Jamie’s X account: @jwhitfie
The article by Jamie and a former guest, Prof Louise Burke, responding to Prof Tim Noakes on Keto diets and performance. The entire point-counterpoint is available at the link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38485731/
A research study that Jamie referred to that looked at how ingesting carbohydrates at different rates affected total carbohydrate use during exercise: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-022-05019-w
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Fri, 19 Apr 2024 - 1h 19min - 152 - Safety vs Spectacle: Rugby at a Crossroads
In this special episode we join an exclusive panel discussion - in partnership with World Rugby - to debate the future of the sport as it battles to find a balance between the welfare and safety of players and the enjoyment of the game by both participants and spectators. On the panel is Dr Eanna Falvey, World Rugby’s Chief Medical Officer, and former British & Irish Lions Team Doctor; Kate Zachary, the experienced American women's captain and veteran of two World Cups; Ugo Monye, an English rugby pundit/commentator and former rugby union player who played 14 times for England, 241 times for his only club Harlequins and played twice for the British & Irish Lions on their 2009 tour to South Africa; English Test player Sarah Bern, who was shortlisted for World Rugby’s Women’s Player of the Year award in 2019 and our very own co-host Prof Ross Tucker, who is also a Research Consultant and Independent Scientist with World Rugby.
SHOW NOTES:
The videos from the entire Welfare Week, not just those preceding this session, will be available on the World Rugby site soon. They're not out just yet, unfortunately, but check back here in the next few days for the specific links.
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Wed, 10 Apr 2024 - 1h 04min - 151 - Rugby's Radical Law Change Proposals / The IOC And Their Controversial Trangender Policy
It's one of the hottest topics on our Discourse channel but can World Rugby's new law proposasl preserve the spectacle of the game while still ensuring player safety? The team dig into some of the changes being trialled and proposals for more changes.
Plus ultra runners Camille Herron - who broke six world endurance running records on her way to a new women's six-day record - and Jasmin Paris - who became the first female to finish the legendary Barkley Marathon - have raised the question of how women compare to men in endurance sport. Is the gap closing?
Pluswhy did a group of 26 independent scientists (including Ross) publish a paper to refute the IOC's framework and academic paper on transgender athletes?
Support our work on PatreonHEREat and get free access to our Discourse channelHERE
SHOW NOTES:
Rugby rule changes on our Discourse group.
https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/t/world-rugby-new-plans-for-the-game/1197/4
Reassessing the use of the TMO in rugby
Women's Ultrarunning
Discourse discussionon the Barkley marathon
Sean Ingle's article on Jasmin Paris' Barkley success
Transgender Paper
The academic paper refuting the IOC's Framework and scientific argument
Our Discourse discussion on the paper and the issues
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Sat, 30 Mar 2024 - 1h 43min - 150 - How Maddie Won The Zwift Academy
Never-say-die Maddie le Roux may have been forced to give up her dream of becoming a professional cyclist until the Zwift Academy changed her life and her career. Here's how hard work and pure determination helped this bubbly 27-year-old turn a dream into a reality.
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Fri, 22 Mar 2024 - 1h 39min - 149 - Can We Trust Sport Science Research?
Is the field of sports science facing a credibility crisis? According to guest Dr Joe Warne, key instigator of the Sports Science Replication Centre at the Technological University in Dublin, most of the research done in the field is unreliable. So what is the true picture, how can studies be done better, what role do journals play in ensuring better standards and how do consumers discern the good from the bad?
Show notes:
Our Patreon page, where you can sign up for access to the Discourse and other benefitsThe Discourse discussion, for all the post podcast discussions, insights into sports science, and even training and injury prevention advice. For Patrons only!Joe Warne's original post on Discourse that inspired this episode (Patron only)Simona Halep is cleared to play. We'll wait for the full CAS Decision for more discussion of this decision, but if you want to read the previous decision that led to the four year ban, it's at this linkFor Patrons, via Discourse, more discussion about Halep's ban and clearing can be found hereArticle on the cycling race in Spain that saw 130 riders out of 182 not finish, and anti-doping had shown up. The degree to which the two are linked remains unclear, as discussedJoe Warne's Sports Science Replication Center websiteOne example of a paper that Warne's group has had published on this issue Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 13 Mar 2024 - 1h 43min - 148 - VO2Max: Why It May Be Your Most Important Training Metric
Knowing how to measure and train close to your VO2Max may lead to big performance gains. But what is VO2Max and what's the best way to use it? We also discuss the latest developments around rugby's smart mouthguard and the announcement by World Athletics that they are trialling a new way of measuring the long jump which involves a take-off zone rather than a take-off mark. And no, it's not an April Fools joke!
SHOW NOTES
The New Science of Sport Discourse - a Patron exclusive, a community that we aspire to make the most well-informed forum on sports science in the world: https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/. Log in with your patron details
Become a Patron of The Science of Sport to get access to the community: https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
Article on that RED-S policy, including athlete interviews
The Long Jump article re changing of the laws
The BBC article on the mouthguards in rugby. Full of holes and errors, a bit of misunderstanding, and some outright dishonesty, which we tried to explain and address in the show
A morelay explanation of the 2 hour marathon, again discussing how close to max elites can run
Paper on how different durations of interval training affect Power, HR and RPE,which may be useful to guide your choice of interval session structure
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Fri, 01 Mar 2024 - 1h 34min - 147 - Make Your Own Sports Drink / Smart Mouthguards in Rugby / Do We Need On-Field Match Officials in Sport?
Can you make your own sports drink and what would be the right mix? Here's what to look for. The team also tackles (see what we did there!) the use of smart mouthguards in rugby, whether trail star Stian Angermund was really guilty of doping, why parkrun has removed some of its records from its website and if the controversial Enhanced Games has any chance of succeeding.
SHOW NOTES
Stian Angermund Doping Case
Also the Quartz WADA crossover
James Magnussen and the enhanced games
Parkrun removes records
https://www.parkrun.com/blog/news/2024/02/08/changes-to-statistics-on-the-parkrun-websites/
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Fri, 23 Feb 2024 - 1h 35min - 146 - The Sporting Diet: How To Eat, Fuel And Thrive
The team are joined by renowned sports dietician, Australian Louise Burke, to discuss everything from keto and fasting to the latest guidelines in fueling and nutrition in sport. Burke has spent over 40 years working in the field of sports nutrition and is an academic and author. She was the head of sports nutrition at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) throughout its existence from 1990 to 2018 and in 2018 was appointed Chief of AIS Nutrition Strategy. Since 2014, she holds the chair in sports nutrition in the Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University.
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Thu, 15 Feb 2024 - 2h 03min - 145 - DISCOURSE: Enhanced Games: Hype Or Reality? / 15-Year-old's Doping Saga / Is Rugby Too Dangerous For U18s?
Welcome to the Science of Sport Discourse. A monthly wrap of all the stories doing the rounds on our Patreon and newly-launched Discourse channel. Want to be part of the discussion? Become a supporter of the Science of Sport Podcast on Patreon HERE and get free access to our exclusive Discourse channel moderated by Gareth Davies.
SHOW NOTES
The New Science of Sport Discourse - a Patron exclusive, A community that we aspire to make the most well-informed forum on sports science in the world: https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/. Log in with your Patron details.
Become a Patron of The Science of Sport HERE
The Valieva doping story - now banned for four years. Sean Ingle wrote the story that summarises the case HERE
After we discussed the case on the show, the full decision was published, which revealed that Valieva’s team had blamed a contaminated strawberry cake for the test. We’ll touch on this in our next show. READ MORE
The documentary about rugby’s referees at the 2023 Rugby World Cup. Well worth a watch.
Track and field will soon join the docuseries trend
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Thu, 08 Feb 2024 - 1h 19min - 144 - INTERVIEW: Inside The World Of A Pro Mountain Biker
Swiss rider Marcel Guerrini is at the top of the pile when it comes to the world's best XC mountain bikers. The team take a look into his world to talk about sacrifice, training, race tactics and pacing. Guerrini is a regular top-five finisher at World Cups and is aiming to qualify for the Olympics in 2024... not an easy task when you come from the strongest mountain biking nation in the world.
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Fri, 02 Feb 2024 - 1h 06min - 143 - Hello 2024 News Wrap: Another World Running Record / UCI Rules on Brake Levers / Crazy VO2 Numbers / Cold Weather & Concussion
To kick off Season 6 we wrap up some of the latest news from the world of sports science including the craziness of world running records, UCI bans on in-turned brake levers, one athlete's crazy high VO2 Max numbers and why cold weather may increase the risk of concussion in contact sports.
SHOW NOTES
Letsrun article on the 10km WR of Agnes Ngetich
Article on the UCI’s clampdown on inturned brake levers
More detailed discussion of the implications of the UCI policy
The analysis showing that concussion risk in the NFL may be higher on cold days
Podcast that mentions Coco Pops as a pre-exercise ‘meal’ (don’t overdo this advice!), part of Ross’ tongue-in-cheek New Year’s resolutions (full episode is subscriber only)
Article by Stuart Philips, a future guest of the pod, on the benefits of resistance training
Interview with Tommy Lundberg on the same resistance training topic
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Wed, 24 Jan 2024 - 1h 25min - 142 - Sleep And Menopause: Understanding The Impact And Learning To Cope
The team talk to Dr Zoe Schaedel on the impact of menopause on sleep patterns and how to resolve them. Schaedel has 15 years of experience as an NHS GP in the UK with expertise in menopause care, sleep problems, sexual health and contraception. She is an accredited British Menopause Society (BMS) Menopause Specialist and is a member of the BMS Medical Advisory Council.
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Thu, 18 Jan 2024 - 38min - 141 - How Allergies Affect Sleep and How to Fix It
Join hostMike Finch,Dr Jill WarnerandEmeritus Professor John Warnerto break down the effect allergies have on sleep quality. The panel discuss the various allergens affecting sleep - from dust mites in your bed to cat dander - and how best to deal with them.
Dr Jill Warner has aBSc in Immunology and Physiology and a PhD in Allergy from the University of London. She is currently an Honorary Professor in Paediatrics at The University of Cape Town and her research interests are in the foetal origins of allergic disease and environmental allergen avoidance. Dr Jill Warner has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and journal articles in the field of allergy. Prof. John Warner is a Professor of Paediatrics at Imperial College London and the University of Cape Town.His research has focused on the early life origins of asthma and related allergic and respiratory disorders. He has published over 400 papers in scientific journals on these topics. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology from 1997-2010 and chairman of the paediatric section of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology for 5 years until 2010. He is also a member of the Speciality and Training Committee of the World Allergy Organisation and a past Trustee of the charity known as The Anaphylaxis Campaign. He was a member of the Advisory Committee for Novel Foods and Processes of the Food Standards Agency for 12 years until 2012 and was recognised for his work in food allergy research by the award of an OBE in 2013.
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Tue, 09 Jan 2024 - 31min - 140 - SLEEP CASE STUDY: Does My Child Suffer From A Dust Mite Allergy?
In this case study Prof John Warner interviews a mother whose 8-year-old child suffers from persistent allergies. Could it be dust mites? Listen in on this consultation to see how allergies are diagnosed.
Prof. John Warner is a Professor of Paediatrics at Imperial College London and the University of Cape Town.His research has focused on the early life origins of asthma and related allergic and respiratory disorders. He has published over 400 papers in scientific journals on these topics. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology from 1997-2010 and chairman of the paediatric section of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology for 5 years until 2010. He is also a member of the Speciality and Training Committee of the World Allergy Organisation and a past Trustee of the charity known as The Anaphylaxis Campaign. He was a member of the Advisory Committee for Novel Foods and Processes of the Food Standards Agency for 12 years until 2012 and was recognised for his work in food allergy research by the award of an OBE in 2013.
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Tue, 09 Jan 2024 - 9min - 139 - 2023 Wrap and News: Taylor Swift's Unlikely Running Routine / More Keto Debates / Sub-2 Marathon in '24?
It's been a big year in the world of sport and the team wrap up some of the highlights, focus on the trending sports science stories (incl. Taylor Swift's unlikely running regime) and our selection of the best sporting events we witnessed and, would have liked to have witnessed.
SHOW NOTES
Article showing that cold water immersion impairs performances done about 90 min after
The first salvo in the ketogenic diet and performance debate from Tim Noakes
The response from Louise Burke and Jamie Whitfield
The Systematic review on Talent development and promotion programmes
Youtube interview of Remco Evenepoel, as alluded to on the show
Or the Apple podcast equivalent
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Fri, 22 Dec 2023 - 1h 32min - 138 - Sleep and Mental Health / How To Treat The Most Common Sleep Disorder /
Co-hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch are joined by Dr Simon Durrant, Associate Professor at the School of Psychology, University of Lincoln and Chairman of the British Sleep Society, to discuss the relationship between sleep and mental health, the most common sleep disorders and how to treat them and how sleep can determine your chances of getting depression.
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Thu, 07 Dec 2023 - 39min - 137 - Sleep And Adolescence: Understanding Teenage Sleep Health
Join Dr Dale Rae, Director: Sleep Science, Cape Town and Senior Lecturer at the Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, and co-hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch as they talk about the special challenges adolescents have when it comes to sleep time, regularity and requirements. Understand why teenagers sleep at odd hours, how stress affects their sleep and the best sleep strategies for the younger set.
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Thu, 30 Nov 2023 - 30min - 136 - Does Cold Water Therapy Have Any Benefits? Latest research / Worm Blood: Doping's Newest 'Frontier' / Transgender Controversies In Snooker and Cricket
SHOW NOTES
Lug worm hemoglobin doping: https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/marine-worm-haemoglobin-could-be-the-new-frontier-of-blood-doping/
Interesting perspectives on sport as entertainment
Transgender Injury in football
Snooker transgender controversy
MAIN TOPIC
Is the Wim Hof method effective?
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Tue, 28 Nov 2023 - 1h 33min - 135 - Sleep And Athletic Performance (feat. Olympic gold medallist Ryk Neethling)
The team are joined by Dr Dale Rae, Director at Sleep Science and a Senior Lecturer in the Division of Physiological Sciences at the University of Cape Town, to break down the special sleep needs of sports, and active, people. The team talk about how to earn a 'nap' licence, how much to sleep if you're an active person, how to cope with jet lag and why early risers are more likely to succeed in sport. Co-host Dr Jill Warner also interviews former Olympic gold medallist swimmer Ryk Neethling about his sleep experiences and the lessons he has learnt along the way.
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Tue, 21 Nov 2023 - 43min - 134 - Why We All Need To Sleep More / The True Benefits of Sleep / The Most Common Sleep Mistake
From the producers of The Science of Sport podcast, comes a limited 6-part series Unlocking Your Sleep Potential. In the first episode hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch speak to Dr Allie Hare, a consultant physician in respiratory and sleep medicine and president of the British Sleep Society. The team break down the basics of why sleep is so important, the factors that affect sleep, why you probably aren't sleeping enough and the biggest sleep mistake most people are making.
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Wed, 15 Nov 2023 - 30min - 133 - NEWS WRAP: Caster's Book Controversy / Biological Passport Defeat / Does the Sub-2 Marathon beckon?
Former world steeplechase champion, Norah Jeruto, was recently cleared of doping charges despite adverse findings in her biological passport. Does this put the credibility of the passport at risk or is the unusual case a once-off? PLUS Caster Semenya's controversial 'tell-all' book and reactions, can you ingest carbs through your mouth and does the latest world marathon record puts the sub-2 hour within reach?
Show notes and links
Summary of one of the interview’s Semenya gave in promotion of the book, including some quotes discussed on the showOne of the very few reviews of Caster Semenya’s book that includes any mention of the biological basis for the controversy, rather than portraying it as a challenge of women with high testosteroneThe appeal decision in the AIU case of Norah JerutoThe WADA code that mentions prohibited methods including blood manipulation
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Fri, 10 Nov 2023 - 1h 31min - 132 - Why Endurance Athletes Are Super-Fuelling On Carbs / Rugby World Cup Final Wrap
In a recent story on Outsideonline.com top cyclists are reported to be ingesting huge quantities of carbohydrates in recent years which could explain some of their amazing performances. We ask whether this trend is new, how super 'carbing' is done and how it may work for anyone undertaking an endurance event PLUS we wrap up the 2023 Rugby World Cup and explain why the Springbok victory meant so much for South Africa.
SCROLL TO 34:32 FOR THE DISCUSSION ON CARBS
SHOW NOTES
A discussion on Reddit about the Outsideonline.com article
A short explanation article from Asker Jeukendrup’s blog on carb mixes and increasing carb oxidation
The 2004 study that found an increase in carb oxidation when carbs were combined
The study on marathon runners ingesting 120g of carbs per hour, with less muscle damage one outcome
A final post from Asker’s blog with advice on carb intake, including a useful graphic explainer
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Fri, 03 Nov 2023 - 1h 17min - 131 - Rugby's New High-Tech Mouthguards: How They Work And Why?
This week World Rugby announced that they will be including head accelerations measured by smart mouthguards into the sport's head injury assessment protocols used at the top level of the game to help identify potential head injuries during a game. This is how they work, why the tech could be a game changer and the challenges facing their adoption.
Credits: Opening clip Rugby World Cup Youtube channel
SHOW NOTES
Sean Ingle’s piece on the instrumented mouthguard technology
Two articles that explore the elusive (and likely impossible) concussion threshold And journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/fulltext/2011/01000/biomechanics_of_sport_concussion__quest_for_the.3.aspx
Russ Petty tweet on playing time of the semi-finalists
My article on the iMGs from the Patron page, now public
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Fri, 20 Oct 2023 - 1h 18min - 130 - The Most Fascinating Explanation of Rugby Laws You'll Hear This Year / Berlin Marathon Record: Human Excellence or Shoe Tech Mastery
Keith Lewis is the Laws Co-ordinator at World Rugby and Founder of RugbyReferee.net and is at the fulcrum of many of the law changes in the world of rugby union. The team scrum down to discuss how the laws have changed the game over the years, how to manage the balance between player safety and spectator entertainment and how new laws are introduced into the game. PLUS Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa established a new women's world marathon record at the Berlin Marathon. But how much of a factor is the shoe tech and how do we measure the athletic performance?
SHOW NOTES:
The link between running economy and performance
Guest Keith Lewis’ details:
Email: Laws@worldrugby.org
X: @keithlewisrugby
Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/keithlewisrugby
Website: rugbyreferee.net
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Wed, 27 Sep 2023 - 1h 52min - 129 - From Cauliflower Ears To Subterfurge: Inside the World of a Pro Rugby Coach
John Dobson is one of South Africa's most celebrated rugby coaches. As head coach of the Stormers franchise, who won the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, Dobson is renowned as one of the most passionate and knowledgeable coaches in the game. The team talk candidly to Dobson about tactics, what coaches say to players at halftime, what makes a good coach, the clever way coaches communicate with players during a game and why coaching boxes have to be swept before games to ensure they aren't bugged. For the rugby novice and connoisseur alike.
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Wed, 20 Sep 2023 - 1h 34min - 128 - Rugby World Cup '23: The Amazing Tech Used To Look After Players
Having just returned from a week at the Rugby World Cup, Prof. Ross Tucker explains the amazing tech used to spot concussions during RWC matches. Plus the team discuss how the tackle rule is not a perfect science and if 'bomb squad' tactics further threaten player safety. PLUS latest doping news and a Vuelta a Espana update.
SHOW NOTES:
Simona Halep’s 4 year ban announced by ITIA:
Paul Pogba’s testosterone failure
Article on the concussion experienced by the AFL player discussion on the show
The first of three articles that Ross published on how head injuries happen in rugby
The Head Contact Process Currently used by World Rugby for adjudicating high tackles
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Fri, 15 Sep 2023 - 1h 27min - 127 - The Man Who Cycled the Globe: Adventurer Ron Rutland from Paris
Ron Rutland arrived in Paris on 7 September 2023, concluding the fourth leg of a remarkable (and not always planned) journey that has spanned a decade and four Rugby World Cups. Beginning in 2013, Ron rode from Cape Town to London via every country in Africa, then London to Tokyo, Tokyo to Auckland, and Auckland to Paris (via South and North America). It's a journey that has covered over 100,000 km, crossing 115 countries on six continents. In between, he caddied the longest hole of golf every played across Mongolia. Ron has seen and experienced it all - mudslides, heat, illness, adopted dogs, bus accidents, Himalayan and Andean passes, 100km climbs and even longer descents. He and Ross sit down in a hotel coffee shop in Paris to talk about his cycling journey around the world, fitness gains, calorie deficits, see-food diets, and the challenges overcome, lessons learned, and life philosophies developed along the way.
Show notes
The documentary made about Ron's caddying expedition across Mongolia: The Longest Hole
The journey from London to Tokyo is available as a link at the bottom of this page (it just requires sign up for a free trial, and possibly a VPN), including Himalayan Peaks and mudslides: Everything in between
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Fri, 08 Sep 2023 - 1h 30min - 126 - Sean Ingle on anti-doping, the state of T&F and a look ahead to the Rugby World Cup
Ross is joined in Paris by Guardian Chief Sports Reporter, Sean Ingle, to look back on the recent World Athletics Championships, but with a focus more on the off-track news stories, including the state of anti-doping in sport, conflicts in the media zone, and the marketability of the sport and its athletes. They also look ahead to the upcoming Rugby World Cup, with Sean visiting France to set the scene for Paris' upcoming eleven-month festival of sports, and Ross attending meetings ahead of this weekend's opening fixtures. That discussion explores some of Sean's family history in boxing, the value of contact sport, and the challenge faced by all sports to prevent and manage head impacts more effectively.
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Wed, 06 Sep 2023 - 1h 00min - 125 - La Vuelta and Remco / The Farrell Tackling Incident Unpacked / World Athletics Champs Wrap
Why the Owen Farrell incident may well have saved rugby / Remco Evenepoel takes on the best stage racers at this year's Vuelta a Espana: Can he dominate? / All the best performances and stories from the World Athletics Championships.
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Thu, 31 Aug 2023 - 1h 26min - 124 - Woodpeckers do get concussed, and what this means for the Q-Collar and brain injury prevention
The Q-Collar is a device that is promoted to prevent concussion and "protect the brain during repetitive head impacts",and has been spotted around the necks of athletes in a number of sports, ranging from cricket to football. But do these claims and promises stand up to scientific scrutiny? Is there a sound biological rationale for the claims? Should parents, athletes and coaches explore and use devices such as this to prevent brain injury?
In this episode, Ross explores the answers to the above questions with Prof James Smoliga, professor of Public health and community medicine at Tufts University. Prof Smoliga puts an intense and in-depth scientific microscope on the claims, and concludes that there is no quality evidence in support of concussion and brain health claims, and that the foundational premise on which the product rests is flawed. We also learn that woodpeckers DO show signs of brain injury, that studies linking altitude to protection against concussion are grossly exaggerated and misinterpreted, and, humorously, that NFL teams with animal mascots are less likely to see concussion that teams without animal mascots.
Show notes:
Dr James Smoliga's university profile pageThe science and research page of the Q-Collar website, describing many of the studies James talks about in the podcastJames' paper on the mechanisms used by woodpeckers to (partly) protect their brains from injuryStudy showing signs of brain injury in woodpeckers, despite the above mentioned adaptationsThe original study showing a purported protective effect of "altitude" (above 600ft!) on concussionThe rebuttal letter from James' colleague that absolutely eviscerates the above mentioned altitude studyJames' meta-analysis that looks at over 5 million data points to show that altitude does not have a protective effect against concussionThe paper discussed on the pod that uses the DTI method to show brain changes with and without the Q-CollarThe 2021 study that failed to find a reduction in concussion incidence with the Q-Collar Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Tue, 29 Aug 2023 - 1h 32min - 123 - Mike LIVE in Budapest, Day 5 recap from the World Athletics Championships: Ingebrigtsen, Warholm, ties and goulash
Day 5 from the World Athletics Championships threw up some intriguing storylines. An upset in the men's 1500m, as history repeated in the GB (actually Edinburgh Athletic Club) vs Ingebrigtsen rivalry, Karsten Warholm returned to the top step of the 400m hurdles podium, and there was an agreed tie for gold in the Women's Pole vault. We discuss the physiological fragility of the 1500m event, ponder fatigue and pacing strategies in the field events, compare Lyles 2023 to Bolt 2009, and Mike gives us insights on Hungarian goulash!
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Thu, 24 Aug 2023 - 55min - 122 - Mike LIVE in Budapest: Day 4 recap from the World Athletics Championships
Mike is on the ground in Budapest, and the duo are doing LIVE Instagram chats every morning, discussing the big stories from the World Athletics Championships. In this episode, we go back to Night 3 to talk about the women's 100m champion and a press conference that Mike attended (and asked a question that got a prickly answer!), and discuss Sha'Carri Richardson's volatile relationship with the media, in contrast to her huge potential upside to the sport. We also talk about Faith Kipyegon's absolute dominance of middle distance running (bordering on invincibility), the heat and humidity in Budapest as a challenge to everyone from the schedule-creators to the shot-putter to the marathon runner. We also open the door on some anti-doping stories, including the potential for a new tool, and a brewing doping controversy.
These episodes have been recorded every day on Instagram live (so apologies for some scratchy sound, live from the field), and then all of them are uploaded as Patron exclusives, so if you're enjoying our coverage and feel like being part of the Science of Sport patron community, check us out and consider donating here!
Show notes:
The article about a tilted runway in the pole vault- Mike and his spirit level are on it!Systematic review on cannabis and its effects on exercise performanceThe Sean Ingle piece about AIU and the new antidoping toolA brief article on Tobi Amusan's whereabouts failure and the prospect of AIU appealing the decision (the full decision is out today, more to come, no doubt) Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 23 Aug 2023 - 57min - 121 - Developing Bodies: Nutrition And The Young Athlete
From creating a healthy relationship with food to eating for performance, looking after young athletes is a complex issue with long-term repercussions. The team sit down with dietician Dr Sarah Chantler, from Leeds Becket University, to discuss the challenges and solutions. A must-listen for parents and young athletes alike.
PLUS World Cycling Champs review, Owen Farrell incident and Richard Freeman ban.
SHOW NOTES:
News:
Main story
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Fri, 18 Aug 2023 - 1h 55min - 120 - Does Altitude Training Really Work?
From pro cyclists to runners and cross-country skiers, altitude training is a popular preparation method for a major event. But is it as simple as training high? The team break down the benefits, the science and the reasons why it may not work for everyone.
SHOW NOTES
Article on the AFL’s potential reduction in contact training
Article on AFL considering mandatory headgear for players
ALTITUDE TRAINING
The first of two good reviews, this one explaining the concepts and principles of altitude training
The research that found that LHTL didn’t have any benefit compared to LLTL in cross-country skiers
One of the “skeptic” reviews calling for more research on altitude training
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Tue, 08 Aug 2023 - 1h 42min - 119 - Tour de France Wrap: The Moments That Decided The Winner
The critical moments that split the top contenders at this year's Tour de France rose more than a few eyebrows. The team take an in-depth look at the cycling spectacle, look closer at the numbers we know and discuss the merits of full disclosure by the top riders to help rebuild trust in cycling performances.
PLUS Migual Angel Lopez's doping suspension and more on the ongoing transgender debate
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Fri, 28 Jul 2023 - 1h 23min - 118 - Tour de France: Cycling's Greatest Individual Time Trial Explained
Dane Jonas Vingegaard produced arguably the greatest individual time trial in cycling history during the 16th stage of the 2023 Tour de France. The team discuss the numbers, implications and the many questions that such a dominating performance raises. PLUS Carlos Alcaraz's biggest challenge in his tennis career after his Wimbledon victory, Caster Semanya's latest court victory and the recent UCI decision on transgender athletes.
SHOW NOTES:
Tom Dumoulin's assessment of Jonas Vingegaard's 16th stage performance
A paper on how fatigue affects power output in elite cyclists
A story that talks of the 97 ml/kg/min VO2max of Jonas Vingegaard, as yet unverified
Paper looking at how position on the bike affects speed at the same power output
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Wed, 19 Jul 2023 - 1h 05min - 117 - Is English Cricket Racist? / Head Injuries in Female Sport / The Battle Against Weight Shaming in Young Athletes
A rare case of CTE (Chronic traumatic encephalopathy) in a young female sportswoman asks the question: Are women more susceptible to head injuries than men? Plus the controversy around an English cricket repor on racismt, the Ben Stokes stumping affair and how some sports are dealing with fat shaming among young sportspeople.
SHOW NOTES:
CTE case identified in a female athlete: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/04/first-case-cte-female-athlete-aflw-player-heather-anderson-diagnosed-australian-researchers
Research article we mentioned where the criteria used to identify TES were challenged
England’s report on racism in cricket
Report on Wetmore and body composition tests in runners
Swimming England bans weighing of young athletes
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Thu, 06 Jul 2023 - 1h 26min - 116 - NEWS SPECIAL: Tour de France / Lance Armstrong's Transgender Crusade / Concussion Latest / Rugby's Tackle Experiment
From the Netflix Tour de France series to the death of pro rider Gino Mader and Geraint Thomas's bicarb blame, the team look ahead to the 2023 Tour de France. We also discuss the latest research into concussion and contact sports, Lance Armstrong's transgender series and an amazing, but obscure, running record.
SHOW NOTES & LINKS
Rugby league tackle height screwup
Death of Gino Mader, and understanding risk
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Wed, 28 Jun 2023 - 1h 36min - 115 - Why So Many Athletics Records Are Being Broken / Elite Athletes And Cramp
From ultra-distance events like the Comrades Marathon to the tracks of the Diamond League, athletics records are being broken at every turn. The team drill down to the realities of technology and discuss its influence over these performances to put them into perspective. We also discuss World No. 2 Carlos Alcaraz's cramping implosion at this year's French Open and why Novak Djokovic and mountain biker Nino Schurter seem to defy their own advancing years to stay at the top.
Show notes:
The bonus episode, exclusive to Patrons, where Sean Ingle joins Ross to talk about performance, including views from coaches and athletesThe article on track technology that we discussed on the show, thanks to Gareth for providing the linkResearch paper by Knopp et al comparing different 'super shoes' in elite Kenyans and non-elite runners, showing high variability within each runner depending on their shoeAnother research paper that compares seven (though I count eight) super shoes, showing how some runners do really well in one shoe and worse in othersSean Ingle's article from that Paris meet with the three World RecordsArticle on Alcaraz's cramp at the French Open, as discussed on the show
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Wed, 21 Jun 2023 - 1h 20min - 114 - Kipchoge 2.0: The Rise of the New Marathon Stars
In the aftermath of Evans Chebet's win in Boston and Kelvin Kiptum's sensational victory in London, the world of marathon running has been turned on its head. The team look closely at the latest results from the World Marathon Majors and ask whether the Kipchoge days are finally coming to an end and if the world record is set to fall again sooner rather than later.
JUMP TO 38:34 FOR THE MAIN TOPIC.
SHOW NOTES
CAUGHT MY EYE ITEMS
The article on bicarbonate and ketone’s combined effect on performance
Pogacar’s coach doesn’t think much about the bicarbonate benefit, submitted by Renato Chironi:
Article submitted by Pratima from the Patron page, on how there is not yet evidence to adapt training to the phase of the menstrual cycle:
The podcast interview in which Colin Chartier talks about his doping decisionand positive:
MAIN TOPIC
Sean ingle’s article on the super shoes, including the quotes from Chris Thompson about the effects of the shoes:
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Tue, 02 May 2023 - 1h 14min - 113 - Why How We Select Young Sporting Talent Is Probably All Wrong
Around the world, the way that young talent is identified is often done without an understanding of how young athletes develop. We talk to Norwegian researcher in the field, Eirik Halvorsen Wik, PhD, from Cape Town's Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine at Stellenbosch University, for a close look at the challenges faced by young sporting stars, why there may be a better way to make selections at youth level and how to ensure the best athletes are given the best chance at long term success. Wik has previously worked at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre.
SHOW NOTES:
A news story on the Ultra runner who took a car trip for 2.5 miles mid race
The paper in which coaches are revealed as not being all that good at spotting good running economy
Our guest Eirik Wik’s study on injuries in adolescent athletes
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Tue, 25 Apr 2023 - 1h 33min - 112 - Fatigue Resistance And How To Improve It
In the second of our two-part special on fatigue we examine Fatigue Resistance or durability. Is it just a modern term for an old concept, what does it really mean and what sort of training helps build it.
SHOW NOTES
Caught My Eye Segment
The Zwift study looking for remote research participations, as submitted by Gareth D
The third of Gareth’s submissions, looking at the helmet approved in Quarterbacks in the NFL
Main Topic (Skip to 35:48)
Link to the Ed Maunder paper that describes the durability concept
Some examples of papers that assess durability (as a performance outcome) in elite cyclists:
Mateo-March paper with 112 cyclists over 8 seasons, showing that World Tour cyclists had much smaller power decay than Pro Tour cyclists with accumulating levels of fatigue26 Pro cyclists over a combined total of 85 seasons, showing how Cat 1 cyclists drop off less than Cat 2 cyclists when fatigued https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33731651/
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Tue, 18 Apr 2023 - 1h 24min - 111 - The Science of Fatigue
Mental and muscle fatigue is part of every sporting endeavour. But what is fatigue? What happens in the body when we get tired and is it possible to push beyond our perceived limits?
SCROLL TO 19:35 FOR THE MAIN TOPIC
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye:
The case of the cheating fishermen
The article on the fallout from the apparently botched doping case of Peter Bol.
The Swimming England announcement of their trans policy
Fatigue Discussion
My own review article on how pacing strategy is regulated as part of a homeostatic system
A paper on how neurotransmitters in the brain affect fatigue and performance
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Thu, 06 Apr 2023 - 1h 08min - 110 - The Tragic Tale of an Athletics Doper / Athletics' New Transgender Rules
At first glance the story of New Zealand's Zane Robertson is just another web of lies. But is it? The team take a close look at one of the most tragic doping cases in recent times. Plus World Athletics recently announced new rules regarding transgender and DSD athletes. We ask how does the decision impact world sport and particularly the International Olympic Committee?
SHOW NOTES:
Patron Joshua Stacey the long jump that never quite caught on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp7BclslUyo
Article on the underarm basketball throw that also didn’t catch on: https://www.sportscasting.com/rick-barrys-underhand-free-throws-and-why-nba-players-today-dont-follow-suit/
From Patron Travis Hawkins, on the Norwegian protest of their own athlete’s shoe: https://www.triathlete.com/culture/news/the-world-triathlon-protest-against-the-norwegians-was-filed-by-the-norwegians/
From Patron Travis Hawkins, on the Norwegian protest of their own athlete’s shoe: https://www.triathlete.com/culture/news/the-world-triathlon-protest-against-the-norwegians-was-filed-by-the-norwegians/
World Athletics’ policy on trans and DSD athletes:
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Wed, 29 Mar 2023 - 1h 19min - 109 - Should Sport Be Non-Competitive In Schools?
Over the past few years English schools have begun to introduce non-competitive sport in an effort to be more inclusive. But is that the right strategy when it comes to producing future champions and developing a 'winning' mentality? The team take an in-depth look into the evidence surrounding the debate and examples of countries that have already rolled out similar plans.
> Jump to 45:17 for the main topic.
PLUS RED-S in male athletes / Bicarb in endurance sport / shinty drug testing / Remembering Dick Fosbury, the inventor of modern high jumping.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye Segment
Jake Smith’s Instagram post about his RED-S
The 1984 study on bicarbonate as a performance enhancer
A 1993 meta-analysis on bicarbonate
A 2022 systematic review on bicarb and performance
A recent article that contains some of Maurten’s promises and promotions
Primoz Roglic’s glowing endorsement of bicarb. “With 600W it always hurts, huh?"
The BBC piece on Shinty’s drug testing plans
David Epstein’s article on Dick Fosbury
Main Segment
Article on how early specialisation and training rather than fun increases injury risk
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Fri, 17 Mar 2023 - 1h 25min - 108 - The Real Science of Barefoot and Minimalist Running
Christopher McDougal's latest book, Born To Run 2, revisits the barefoot and minimalist movement that upended the world of running over a decade ago when he published his first book Born To Run in 2009. But what does the latest research say and is running barefoot the key to running nirvana?
SHOW NOTES:
Sean Ingle’s report after UK Athletics announced a “non-policy” recognition of the trans women issue and were corrected by EHRC:
The statement by the Equality and Human Rights commission
The Peter Bol doping story, as submitted by Patron Joshua Stacey
The Connor Benn doping clearance story, with much to be discussed and determined
The WADA study on clomiphene in eggs: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2021.1949497
The twitter thread that speculates about the use of biomechanics as a way to identify a doper
The article that is skeptical about barefoot running
Study on stiffness of tendons in cushioned vs minimalist runners
One of the reviews showing no injury risk difference between shod and barefoot runners
Study showing successful transition to barefoot running in 71% of runners with a 20 week transition programme
Nic Tam’s study on individual responses to barefoot running
Nic’s second paper on how individuals respond to a barefoot running programme
Nic’s third paper on the effect of fatigue on biomechanics when barefoot vs shod
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Wed, 01 Mar 2023 - 1h 37min - 107 - What Motivates Success? Lessons From An Insider
Author and motivator Richard Sutton talks about his experiences working with some of the world's best tennis players and within the Chinese Olympic structure. Sutton's unique insight makes for a fascinating discussion on what really motivates success and how it plays out at the top level of sport. Sutton recently released his third book 'Thrive: The Power of Resilience" where he draws on his experience to empower individual and business leaders.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye
Kara Goucher's tweet about Brody Buffington's banning for over-celebration
Article on Camille Herron's long run views, with some really interesting discussion on bone stress in response to training, as submitted by Patron Edward Price
Article mentioning Eilish McColgan’s rebound hypoglycaemia, submitted by Julia Littlefair and hopefully a topic for future exploration
Story on South African women's cricket player being left out of national team after failing fitness test, sent in by Graeme Smith as a Caught my Eye Topic.
Main Interview
Amazon link to the Richard Sutton's book
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Thu, 16 Feb 2023 - 1h 39min - 106 - Guns and Needles: The Murky World of Sports Doping
Respected sports journalist and writer Clinton van der Berg talks about his journey writing his book 'Guns And Needles: A Journey into the heart of South Africa's sport's steroid and drug culture."Van der Berg shares how he managed to get sports people, accused and convicted of doping, to tell their story; how he found out about the shocking incidences of doping in school and junior sport and why both young and old are susceptible to the performance benefits of illegal supplements and drugs. It's a cautionary tale for amateurs and professionals alike no matter what country you come from.
Note: We are aware the sound on this one from Clinton is really poor. We had major connectivity problems over the recording and try as we might to correct it post-recording, we just couldn't. We are really sorry, it's hugely frustrating and does detract from the listen and the content. We can only apologize for it and commit to making sure it doesn't happen again in future.
SHOW NOTES
An article about the "sport" of powerslap, as discussed in the Caught my Eye segmentIf you've got the stomach, here are some examples of why slap fighting is so indefensibleBuy Clinton's book on Amazon here Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 08 Feb 2023 - 1h 09min - 105 - The Sporting Heart
From sudden death in exercise to risk factors, screening and heart health in sports, the team talk to Dr Jonathan Drezner, Director of the University of Washington's Medicine Center for Sports Cardiology and co-Chair of the UW Medicine Cardiovascular Wellness and Prevention Programme. He is Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Sports Medicine and serves as a team physician for the Seattle Seahawks, OL Reign, and UW Huskies.
Show notes:
Four second power output and performance improvements studyArticle on "exercise snacking" as discussed in the podcastPrevalence of Inflammatory Heart Disease Among Professional Athletes With Prior COVID-19 Infection Who Received Systematic Return-to-Play Cardiac ScreeningPrevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac RegistryA meta-analysis of myocarditis in athletes recovering from Covid 19Really good epidemiologist article on Covid and sudden deaths Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 01 Feb 2023 - 1h 38min - 104 - BREAKING NEWS: English Rugby's Controversial New Tackle Law
England's Rugby Football Union (RFU) recently announced a new tackle law which could have far-reaching ramifications for the safety of the game and, potentially, the style of play. The radical change, due to be instituted in the amateur game on July 1, 2023, has met with controversy but will it really put an end to rugby concussions?
SHOW NOTES
Prof Ross Tucker's view on Patreon
https://www.patreon.com/posts/lowering-legal-77489775
BBC story on Nigel Owens' reaction to the tackle law
https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/64365045#:~:text=Former%20international%20referee%20Nigel%20Owens,from%20the%20Premiership%20and%20Championship.
The Guardian story on the new laws
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jan/20/rugbys-authorities-hit-a-new-low-with-unworkable-change-to-tackle-rules
The article we discuss with Jordan’s soundbite in Caught my Eye: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2023.2171907?journalCode=tejs20
Two other pieces on the studies and the desire to lower tackle height, in the elite game: https://sportsscientists.com/2018/10/nudge-a-data-driven-attempt-at-reducing-concussion-risk-in-rugby-a-process-explained/?doing_wp_cron=1674539567.3949980735778808593750
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Tue, 24 Jan 2023 - 1h 13min - 103 - 2023 Look Ahead / Alcohol & Exercise / Early Specialisation Discussion / Damar Hamlin
In this first episode in 2023, the team discuss the pros and cons of early specialisation, alcohol and exercise, ketones and what caused American footballer Damar Hamlin's sudden cardiac arrest in the middle of a game.
SHOW NOTES:
The bicycling magazine article on alcohol in cycling: https://www.bicycling.com/health-nutrition/a42259477/cycling-drinking-alcohol-effects/?source=nl&utm_source=nl_byc&utm_medium=email&date=010223&utm_campaign=nl30130268&user_email=011b810884e3e70b55fc3ab4cdb827f5f8bcb56bf8fd283524686fb8195fcc2f&utm_term=AAA%20--%20High%20Minus%20Dormant%20and%2090%20Day%20Non%20Openers%20%28NEW%29
Armand Duplantis documentary: https://www.svtplay.se/video/jxkavqg/armand-duplantis-born-to-fly?position=10&id=jxkavqg
Zwift Academy documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wGa8Cc1P3o
My Patron article on sudden cardiac arrests and death in young athletes: https://www.patreon.com/posts/sudden-cardiac-76864053
Commotio cordis article describing how the events happen: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194700
Good summary of Commotio Cordis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760424/
Fascinating article on the Italian criminal case brought against a player after a Commotio cordis death: https://vault.si.com/vault/1993/12/06/a-cruel-blow-a-seemingly-harmless-slash-to-the-chest-resulted-in-the-death-of-a-hockey-player-in-italy-now-jimmy-boni-will-go-on-trial-for-manslaughter
The Ketone study showing how ketone ingestion increased EPO levels: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpendo.00264.2022
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Tue, 17 Jan 2023 - 1h 18min - 102 - 2022 REVIEW: From Outrageous Cheats to Deciding The World's Greatest Ever Footballer
The team are joined by Sean Ingle, chief sports writer for The Guardian, to talk through the highs, lows, dramas and celebrations from one of the busiest years in world sport. From outrageous cheating and doping scandals to top performances at the World Athletics championships, the ongoing transgender debate, the state of marathon running and super shoes and who really is the great footballer of all time after this year's World Cup?
Follow the discussion on Twitter @sportsscipod and on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
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Tue, 20 Dec 2022 - 1h 35min
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