The Spirit World

November 9th, 2024 - So many responses came in from our two-part series on Heaven. You all have very insightful questions. This week’s show will be focused on answering the inquiries that Debbie and Adam have received via email and social media. If you have a question for a future mailbag show, email tsw@grnonline.com.

November 2nd, 2024 - Joining us on this All Souls’ Day is Fr. Wade Menezes from the Fathers of Mercy. 

October 26th, 2024 - When you think of the communion of saints, the “great cloud of witnesses,” what do you picture in your mind? Do you think about the different levels of glory? Do you realize how each saint is full to capacity with the love of God? With the Solemnity of All Saints coming up soon, let’s picture Heaven together on this episode of The Spirit World.

October 19th, 2024 - October is chock-full of saint commemorations. It’s also dedicated to the Holy Rosary. And because of Halloween, even the secular culture is thinking about spirits, both holy and otherwise. 

October 12th, 2024 - Blessed Carlo Acutis, who will be Saint Carlo next year, is well-known as being the first saint from the millennial generation. And even though he was only 15 when he died, Blessed Carlo Acutis is not just a saint for kids. His spirituality is extremely deep and powerful. On this episode of The Spirit World let’s grow spiritually through the example of Blessed Carlo Acutis.

October 5th, 2024 - The Rosary is a very powerful deliverance prayer. So many people are freed from demonic torment when the Rosary is prayed with sincerity. The feast of Our Lady of the Rosary is October 7th. On this edition of The Spirit World, Debbie and Adam do a deep dive about the spiritual power of the Rosary. How have you been affected by the Holy Rosary?

September 28th, 2024 - Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take listener questions about angels, demons, addiction, sleepwalking, glowing orbs, words from Jesus, and how the invisible spiritual world we live in really operates. This is to help you live more fully in God’s reality.

September 21st, 2024 - St. Padre Pio is a powerhouse in the spiritual world, both during his life on earth and now as a saint in heaven. His prayer life showed a deep connection with God and was the source of his holiness. Since his feast day is coming up soon, on this episode of The Spirit World Debbie and Adam examine the prayer life of one of our go-to patron saints.

September 14th, 2024 - The cross of Christ is our banner leading us to spiritual victory. It is the means that Jesus used to defeat the powers of death and sin. Relics of the True Cross are especially effective against demons in solemn exorcisms. On this episode of The Spirit World Debbie and Adam exalt the cross and give God thanks for the wonderful salvation He has accomplished through it. They also talk about the historical verification of relics of the true cross and answer caller questions about Jesus's divinity.

September 7th, 2024 - Fear is of the enemy. When you feel full of fear, that is not coming from God. But there is so much right now that is troubling to us as Catholics. It’s like everything is falling apart. On this episode, Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai talk with callers live about what is troubling them. Sharon is dealing with the loss of her mother and the breakdown of her relationship with her father. Gail is concerned about morning demons. Ana has a lot of health anxiety. Debbie and Adam offer advice and teaching.

August 31st, 2024 - Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai field listener calls about spiritual attacks, Muslim images, new age practices, yoga ads in bulletins, spiritual authority, and much more.

August 24th, 2024 - Since the time of Jesus, Christians have been predicting the end of the world. Even now, rumors of impending disaster are spreading fear among the faithful through the internet and podcasts. What does the Bible say about the end? What does the Church teach? How should we understand private revelations? Adam and Debbie will address all of these questions on this episode of The Spirit World.

August 17th, 2024 - It’s time for Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai to answer the listener questions received via email. This month there are questions about fake Gregorian chant, rosary beads bothering demons, sleep disturbances, and a miraculous answer to a listener’s prayer.

August 10th, 2024 - Why do so many exorcists have a strong devotion to Mary? Because they have seen her power in spiritual warfare. On this episode of The Spirit World, Debbie and Adam share how you can bring a Marian dimension to your prayer life, and appeal to Mary and her virtues in your struggle with the enemy.

August 3rd, 2024 - Could you be the weakest link in your family? Your domestic church, your home, is a spiritual fortress. It is meant to keep the demonic away from your family. On this episode of The Spirit World, Debbie and Adam will help you think through what you are doing that may be opening the doors for the demonic into your household. 

Jul 20th, 2024 - Have you ever wondered why icons are so special? Icons are windows into the invisible world. And our Eastern Catholic brothers have a very robust understanding of the role of icons in prayer. On this episode of The Spirit World, Debbie and Adam welcome from the Fr. Thomas Loya, pastor of Annunciation Byzantine Catholic Church in Homer Glen, Illinois, and host of EWTN’s Light of the East, to discuss everything about icons.

To obtain icons by Fr. Loya, we recommend contacting St. Vladimir's Seminary Press or Nelson’s Religious Gifts in Steubenville, Ohio.

July 13th, 2024 - The Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is coming up soon. She has a great power in the spiritual world. On this episode of The Spirit World, we’ll talk about Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the brown scapular, the battle of Elijah on Carmel, spiritual protection, and deliverance from Purgatory.

July 6th, 2024 - When a loved one dies, it is our responsibility to pray for them. They do not become angels and we cannot assume that they are in Heaven yet. On this episode, we discuss praying for the poor souls in purgatory: how it’s done and when to do it.

Fr. Chris Alar videos mentioned in the show:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJvepzcN9Zc

and 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7jdt2TLSKg 

June 29th, 2024 - The Spirit World listeners have such fascinating and penetrating questions. The mailbag is getting full. So on this episode Debbie and Adam are answering as many questions as possible from both live callers and emails.

June 22nd, 2024 - Our discussion of Perpetual Adoration last week was so fruitful, and the listeners had so many experiences to share, that we will continue discussing Perpetual Adoration on this episode. 

June 15th, 2024 - Not only is Perpetual Adoration a beautiful way for individuals to connect with Jesus, but it also has immense benefits for parish communities. Debbie and Adam will unpack this, along with the experiences of many callers on this episode.

June 8th, 2024 - It's time for our month of June Open Forum. You can ask Debbie and Adam whatever you have been wondering about angels, demons, or how the spiritual and physical worlds interact. 

June 1st, 2024 - The month of June is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Today, Debbie and Adam cover all things related to this beloved devotion. 

May 28th, 2024 - Dr. Mark Miravalle, an expert on the theology around the Blessed Virgin Mary, joins Debbie and Adam to talk about the new Vatican document about Marian apparitions, the proposed 5th Marian dogma, and the confusion about the term Co-Redemptrix.

May 18th, 2024 - Recorded on Saturday May 18, 2024

May 11th, 2024 - It's our monthly Open Forum show for May.

May 4th , 2024 - Why are there so many appearances of Mary? All over the world, all throughout history... Just what is going on? In this month of May, which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, we're talking about the big picture of what the Holy Spirit is doing with Marian apparitions, and what it means for you. 

April 27th, 2024 - There are so many misconceptions about the Sacrament of Reconciliation. We want you to be able to receive the healing graces of this powerful sacrament with confidence. So on this episode of The Spirit World, Debbie and Adam talk to Fr. Doug Brown, who is a pastor in Cleveland and the chaplain for the EWTN affiliate AM 1260 The Rock. They answer many uncertainties and clear up many misconceptions that Catholics and non-Catholics have about Confession.

April 20th, 2024 - Debbie and Adam answer listener questions submitted by email. 

April 13th, 2024 - Religious Demonologist Adam Blai and Angel Specialist Debbie Georgianni take caller questions about third-class relics (What do they do? How to treat them?), angel statues (Are they legit? Are they New Age?), and several encounters that may or may not have been demons.

April 6th, 2024 - Christ is risen! Divine Mercy Sunday is the completion of the octave celebration of Easter and our Redemption. God grants such an unbelievable gift of grace and mercy on this day. Today, Debbie and Adam will explain how you can receive the fullness of this immense grace.

A Prayer to Receive the Grace of Divine Mercy Sunday:

Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, You promised St. Faustina that the soul that has been to Confession and the soul that receives Holy Communion with trust in Divine Mercy will receive the complete forgiveness of all sins and punishment. Lord, please give me this grace. Jesus, I trust in You.

March 30th, 2024 - What are we to do with Holy Saturday? What does it mean that Jesus descended into hell? What role did the angels play in the Resurrection?

March 23rd, 2024 - Let's make the most of the rich traditions, rites, and meanings of Holy Week, which starts tomorrow with Palm Sunday, and sacred Triduum. Do you have suggestions for other listeners? Do you have questions about this holy time? Call 877-757-9424 to talk to Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai live on the air.

March 16th, 2024 - We celebrate the days of two great saints this week: St. Patrick and St. Joseph. They are both very powerful in spiritual warfare. Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai will discuss how we ought to ask them to intercede for us. Call in with your stories and questions relating to St. Joseph and St. Patrick. 

March 9th, 2024 - On today's The Spirit World, Debbie Georgianni, angel specialist, and Adam Blai, religious demonologist, answer listener questions about anything related to the invisible world we all live in. Topics include: scapulars, weird creatures, phone hexes, Purgatory, and more.

March 2nd, 2024 - Adam Blai and Debbie Georgianni have a conversation about faith and film with Fr. Darrin Merlino, who was the priest consultant on the highly-recommended film, Nefarious. They also discuss many other movies and shows that touch on saints, demons, angels, and the spiritual world, including The Chosen.

February 24th, 2024 - For the February Mailbag episode of The Spirit World, Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai answer as many listener questions as possible about blessings, demonic manifestations, non-Catholic exorcisms, and more.

February 17th, 2024 - On this Open Forum episode of The Spirit World, angel specialist Debbie Georgianni and religious demonologist Adam Blai answer listener questions on whether new demons come to be, what to do about the Wiccans next door, and how relics can comfort a dying nephew.

February 10th, 2024 - On today's The Spirit World, let's get our spirits ready for Lent. Debbie Georgianni, angel specialist, and Adam Blai, religious demonologist, bring to bear their knowledge and experience of the spiritual world to answer your questions about the spiritual side of Lent.

February 3rd, 2024 - Are you spiritually prepared before you attend an event or training? There are certain things you need to know about your spiritual vulnerability and protection. Debbie and Adam address this topic on today's episode. Plus, calls about Native American amulets, house blessings for rentals, skepticism of exorcisms, and more.

January 27th, 2029 - We receive so many phone calls that sometimes there's not enough time to answer the emailed questions. So once a month, we put the phones on hold and dive into the mailbag. Today, Debbie and Adam answered a lot of the questions that you sent in, with the emerging theme settling around questions about Guardian Angels.

January 20th, 2024 - Debbie and Adam take calls on AI, demonic manifestation, addiction, bad luck, missing Mass, aliens, and Adoration.

January 13th, 2023 - There are 54 title of the Blessed Virgin Mary which we invoke in the Litany of Loreto. This week Adam examines 2 of these titles that are particularly effective in spiritual warfare: Our Lady, Undoer of Knots and Our Lady of Sorrows. Also, calls from listeners about the laying on of hands.

Novena link (https://ascensionpress.com/pages/novena-to-our-lady-undoer-of-knots)

Brigittine Rosary link (https://littletreasuresoffaith.wordpress.com/2021/02/11/the-brigittine-rosary/)

January 6th, 2024 - 

After School "Satan Clubs" are popping up all over. While this may be just an attempt of secularists to be edgy and get attention, when you take Satan as your figurehead, what does that do in the spiritual world? What should parents do about this in their own schools? Adam and Debbie look at the issue from the perspective of religious freedom, spiritual warfare, soul care, and Biblical texts. And just wait for the last caller... He's an actual satanist!

Further reading from Adam: https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3330&context=dlr

December 30th, 2023 - Debbie and Adam take listener calls on suicide, confession, satanic rosaries, and of course resolutions and spiritually preparing for 2024. Merry Christmas!

December 23rd, 2023 - Debbie and Adam take live calls the weekend before Christmas. Questions on family, witchcraft, loneliness, Advent, history, and... haunted clocks?

December 16th, 2023 - Gaudete Sunday is upon us! Adam explains how joy is the opposite of worry: they are both pointed toward the future, but create feelings in us in the present. Debbie and Adam take calls from people who are going through rough times but experiencing joy at the same time.

December 9th, 2023 - There are two main Marian feast days in Advent for us as we prepare for Christmas. The Feast of the Immaculate Conception is on December 8th and the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe is on December 12th. The special role of Mary as a mother to be honored was demonstrated by Jesus, and then he gave her to us as a mother to be honored from the cross. God has since used Mary to bring messages to the world. One great example is when she converted south America by visiting Juan Diego in 1531. To this day, her basilica in Mexico City has over the door: "Am I not here, me that am your mother?"

December 2nd, 2023 - This week Adam and Debbie dive into the mailbag to answer some of the most interesting questions you all have sent in. There's a lot of dark stuff out there, but no reason to fear when our trust is in the Lord.

November 25th, 2023 - In this episode we explore the Advent season: the time of joyful waiting for Jesus.  Jesus enters our lives in the past as recorded in the Bible, in the present Christmas celebration, and in the future at our personal judgment and His second coming.

November 18th, 2023 - This week was our open forum call in show on The Spirit World.  We are between All Saints and Advent and the world continues to try and distract us from our journey with God.  Get refocused on what we control: our personal conversion and life of faith.

November 11th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

November 4th, 2023 - On this episode we explore saints, canonized saints, and the poor souls in purgatory. Can we be saints while alive here on earth? Are we guaranteed a place in heaven if we are baptized? What can we do to help our loved ones in purgatory, and become saints in heaven ourselves? We received many great calls that expanded and explored these topics.

Recorded on Saturday October 28, 2023

October 21st, 2023 - On this episode of The Spirit World we took questions on muscle testing in chiropractic care, feeling evil in other people, satanic house break ins, and, sadly, animal sacrifice and rituals in a family that needs our prayers.

October 14th, 2023 - Join us as we dive into the life and times of Blessed Carlo Acutis, the "Millennial Saint!" This young man, wise beyond his years, drew his family back to the full practice of the faith when he was just a child. He taught the Catechism at 11 years old, produced an amazing website on Eucharistic miracles, and was happy to go to Jesus at the age of fifteen. He has a documented miracle and was declared a blessed. God willing, he will be declared a saint, a saint for the young and the old.

October 7th, 2023 - This week on The Spirit World we explore the origin of the title, 'Our Lady of the Holy Rosary.' Originally this title was 'Our Lady of Victory,' which was established after the rosary played a central role in the naval battle of Lepanto in 1571. Mary, at Fatima, also called for the rosary to help end WWI. History reminds us today to pray the rosary daily for peace and an end to conflicts in the world.

September 30th, 2023 - The nature and roles of angels. The nine choirs of angels, with their general roles in heaven and physical creation. Guardian angels, their particular roles in our life. The archangels, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael: their special roles in creation and the salvation story. Join on as we celebrate the feasts of the archangels and the guardian angels on the Spirit World!

1. https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/devotions/chaplet-of-st-michael-the-archangel

September 23rd, 2023 - On Padre Pio's feast day we explore his biography, his spiritual gifts, and what they mean to us today. For many he is the most famous saint in the world today. People are drawn to his gifts of healing, reading hearts in confession, bi location, and of course his stigmata.

September 16, 2023 - How does the sacrament of confession actually work in the spiritual world? Debbie and Adam have the same questions as you, but they also have some good, practical answers. Listen to The Spirit World!

September 9th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

September 2nd, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

August 26th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

August 19th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

August 12th, 2023 - On the feast of St. Jane Frances de Chantal, patron saint of parents separated from their children.

August 5th, 2023 - The Supernatural Aspects of the Holy Mass

1. https://www.ncregister.com/blog/angels-ii

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpciIRVaz3w

3. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/254999/new-pastoral-note-by-denver-archbishop-highlights-clearest-teaching-on-the-eucharist-in-scripture?utm_campaign=CNA%20Daily&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=269129374&utm_content=269129374&utm_source=hs_email

July 29th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

July 22nd, 2023 - The Occult: The Same Old Game

July 15th, 2023 - From Elijah to Armageddon: Mount Carmel and Our Lady over it all

July 8th, 2023 - The Saint Michael Cave in Gargano, Italy: source of the famous Saint Michael stones that many people have, or have heard of. What is the origin of the cave? What were the stones from the cave first meant for? What role does Saint Michael, his icons, and his stones, play in exorcisms today? Finally, learn how the statue of Saint Michael from the cave may have saved many of the world's exorcists from an earthquake in Italy.

July 1st, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

June 17th, 2023 - Consecrations: what they are, where they came from, and how we do them. Learn the various ways the Church consecrates things and people. This giving of things, place, and nations to God or a figure in heaven brings graces, protection, and assistance. Personal consecrations are done as an informal act that we do. Consecrations are not worshipping saints, but drawing on their virtues to help us with our own struggles.

June 10th, 2023 - Is your lazy teenager possessed, or just lazy? Does your husband not act the way you want? Is he in league with the devil, or is he just having a bad week? Demonic influence is always there as temptation, but oppression and possession is very rare. We have a stilted view of demonic activity because we hear and see so many stories, but that doesn't mean thousands of people are possessed. Listen to learn the reality of demonic influence vs. Hollywood and YouTube.

June 3rd, 2023 - In this month of The Sacred Heart of Jesus we talk about the origins of this devotion, what we are required to do, and the promises from Jesus when we do them.  Hear about the enthronement of The Sacred Heart in your home.  Reflect on the boundless and passionate love Jesus has for you, as celebrated in this devotion.

May 27th. 2023 - In this episode Debbie and Adam answer listener questions about sleep paralysis, guardian angels, and whether the devil can see the future.

May 20th, 2023 - Mary in spiritual warfare: what is spiritual warfare, what is her role, and how can we call on her?

This weekend Adam and Debbie discussed the role and understanding of the mystical body of Christ, especially the importance of baptism in making us into the body of Christ. Plus calls on spiritual experiences, marriage troubles, and corporate new age bosses.

References:

1 Corinthians 12

Catechism 771 and 791

https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_29061943_mystici-corporis-christi.html

May 6th, 2023 - We look at the origins and evolution of the Rosary from the prayers given to Saint Dominic, to the modern Rosary we know today. We also clear up misconceptions about the Rosary, particularly about the Luminous Mysteries.

Links mentioned in this episode: 

https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/252575/the-reasons-st-john-paul-ii-gave-for-adding-the-luminous-mysteries-to-the-rosary

https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/rosary-predated-st-dominic-1922

https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html

https://opusangelorum.org/

April 29th, 2023 - Experts Debbie Georgianni and Adam Blai take questions on angels, prayer, demons, new age, and much more.

April 22nd, 2023 - Two movies about exorcisms hit the theaters at the same time. Catholic exorcists are recommending one of them for young adults and not the other one. On today's show Debbie and Adam talk with two priests, Fr. Carlos Martins from "The Exorcist Files" and Fr. Darrin Merlino from "The Hound of Heaven" about exorcism in the movies. What can we learn from it? What are the dangers? Are they ever true to life? Find out on "The Spirit World" today.

April 15th, 2023 - The origin, history, and benefits of the Divine Mercy gave us the mercy to bear World War II, and prepares us for the final coming of Jesus. All of this needs to be kept in the context of private revelation, which does not require our belief.

April 8th, 2023 - Have you ever wondered what happened to Jesus after the Crucifixion and before the Resurrection? We will explore this fascinating question on The Spirit World.

April 1st, 2023 - Sacramentals make things and our lives holy. They include prayer, holy water, and blessed medals. The effect of sacramentals depend on our baptism and our faith when we use them. Superstitions are violations of the First Commandment because we are direction religious feeling and practices to something other than God. We shouldn't treat blessed objects as magic talismans that have power themselves. We are not to divine the future, conjure the dead (ghosthunting), or do black magic to seek power. All that on today's show, plus questions from callers on supernatural experiences.

March 29th, 2023 - In this online exclusive finale of our seven-part series on the realities of exorcism, Debbie and producer Jakob ask Adam to tackle a few more questions on exorcism (including the effects of Gregorian chant, the role of technology, and what saints are most effective against the demonic), before Adam wraps up the topic with his key points for the listeners.

CDs of chant from the Abbey of Fontgombault

March 25th, 2023 - Join Debbie and Adam as we near the conclusion of our series on the realities of exorcism, featuring questions on the use of Latin and Gregorian chant, the presence of police authorities at exorcisms, and more!

Debbie and Adam break down the history of Saint Patrick. Did you know that Patrick wasn't even his birth name? Or how about the fact that he faced substantial persecution, similar to that of Padre Pio? Also, a brief discussion about blessed salts, holy water, oils, and other relics - what is the proper way to obtain these objects, and how should they be handled? Finally, stay tuned to the end of the episode for a HUGE announcement that we've been anxious to share with you!

Debbie and Adam take a look at the best way to approach habitual sin and other problems that lead us away from God, with insight from the field of exorcisms but focusing on practical advice for all listeners. Perfect for refreshing your Lenten resolutions as we get closer to the midpoint of this penitential season!

Debbie and Adam give an overview of angelic encounters in the Bible, touching on the descriptions of the physical forms they seem to take on at times, before diving into the relationships between saints and their guardian angels and how we can best cultivate our own devotion to the angels.

February 26th, 2023 - Debbie and Adam answer more great listener-submitted questions on this mailbag episode!

February 18th, 2023 - In this prerecorded episode, Debbie again takes on the role of "interviewer" for her co-host Adam, drilling down into topics like the compounding of demonic access/influence, the three tiers of demons, and the danger of curiosity and seeking out exorcism ministry for prideful reasons.

February 11th, 2023 - Debbie and Adam tackle listener questions submitted via email and Facebook message, including:

And more!

Debbie and Adam present a Scriptural and catechetical definition of who and what Satan is, with a look at popular (and often "sympathetic") portrayals of the Devil in media, while taking great live calls from listeners on topics like dealing with "messages" from the spiritual world, praying over people, and spiritual warfare.

Debbie and Adam return to discussing the realities of exorcism, including the matter of age ranges, whether bishops ever perform the rite of exorcism, and more.

The day after the March for Life, Debbie and Adam tackle some of the spiritual aspects of the sin of abortion, with insight from Adam's work as well as Scripture and the writings of Pope St. John Paul II, while also taking live calls from listeners.

Debbie and Adam tackle the topic of true peace in Jesus Christ, emphasizing the importance of the sacrament of Confession, while answering great questions from callers about the "location" of demons and how to treat what demons might say during an exorcism.

Debbie and Adam offer a half-hour of great extra Spirit World content from the Station of the Cross 2023 Winter Appeal, touching on Adam's background in exorcism ministry and explaining the importance of Confession, holy relics and more.

Debbie and Adam break down the difference between true holy "fear of the Lord" and the kinds of fear that are damaging to faith, encouraging alertness to sin and temptation without losing hope and confidence, while answering caller questions on topics like spiritually disturbing dreams and possible communications from "the other side".

Debbie and Adam take a quick look back at the previous year and give rock-solid advice for approaching the year of Our Lord 2023 with confidence, courage, hope, and real strategies for spiritual growth, while taking live calls on everything from "grounding" to praying for wealth.

Debbie and Adam bring you a Christmas Special that helps conclude Advent and enter into the Christmas season, with advice on everything from possible angelic apparitions to consecration to the Holy Family.