Jazz Legends

Pianist/composer Dave Brubeck and Alto Saxophonist Paul Desmond are enshrined in jazz history as the most prominent voices of the popular Dave Brubeck quartet. This group cast an outsized shadow over the jazz scene of the 1950’s and 1960’s, Desmond’s composition "Take Five" is one of the most beloved jazz compositions of all time and was the biggest hit the quartet ever had. Brubeck incorporated diverse musical influences, including that of French composer Darius Milhaud to fashion a style that incorporated odd rhythmic meters and polytonality into a fusion that predated the “third stream” movement. Desmond is perhaps the most influential voice on his instrument since Charlie Parker, he was famously quoted as saying his lyrical, pure sound on the instrument was a result of his wanting to sound like a “dry martini". His series of recordings with guitarist Jim Hall are masterpieces of melodic inventiveness, a testament to his spare, beautiful voice as both composer and performer. Enjoying the show? Help keep it going by donating here.

Saxophonist/composer Phil Woods (born Nov 2, 1931), is by many musicians considered the major exponent of the alto saxophone for the past sixty years. His big, commanding sound, strong sense of swing, and command of harmony are second to none. His playing is totally distinctive and immediately recognizable. He may be best known to the average listener as the saxophone soloist on the Billy Joel hit, Just the Way You Are, but he can be heard on recordings with Steely Dan and other pop acts, but his real musical personality is as a pure bebopper, indeed, he kept a pure jazz group working under his leadership for the last 25 years of his life, with the same bassist (Steve Gilmore) and drummer (Bill Goodwin) the entire time. Enjoying the show? Help keep it going by donating here.

Saxophonist/composer Jimmy Heath (born Oct 25, 1926) came from a musical family in the fertile music scene of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He and his brothers Percy, bassist with the Modern Jazz Quartet, and Tootie, drummer with a plethora of jazz groups have contributed far more than their share to the world of jazz. A contemporary and close friend of John Coltrane, Heath eclipsed his friend early in their careers, nicknamed “Little Bird”, Heath was chosen over Coltrane by no less than Dizzy Gillespie for a spot in one of his bands. A prolific composer and arranger, Heath has written any number of tunes that have become jazz standards. Enjoying the show? Help keep it going by donating here.

While hardly a household name, pianist/composer Clare Fischer (born Oct 22, 1928) was a musician’s musician. While he spent a good portion of his career working as a studio musician in Hollywood, he cut his teeth as the musical director of the vocal group The Hi-Los. His musical imagination seemingly knew no bounds, over the course of his career he wrote for his own big band, a Latin group with a vocal group called Salsa Picante and 2+2, a huge band featuring keyed bugles, all of which he purchased for the project, a large clarinet choir, and string arrangements for Prince and other rock and roll artists. He a large catalog of original compositions, many of which have become jazz standards. Enjoying the show? Help keep it going by donating here.

Trumpet player/composer John Birks “Dizzy” Gillespie (born Oct 21, 1917) was, along with Charlie Parker, one of the major innovators behind the bebop movement in jazz. His pyrotechnic technical abilities on the trumpet set the bar high for all the players of that instrument who came after him. He was responsible for a number of compositions that have become jazz standards, and his bands have served as launching pads for a number of musicians who have become well known in their own rights, among them James Moody, Lalo Schifrin, John Coltrane, Jimmy Heath, Benny Golson, Lee Morgan and the entire Modern Jazz Quartet, which was the rhythm section of his big band at one point.  Enjoying the show? Help keep it going by donating here.

Pianist composer Thelonius Monk (born Oct 10, 1917) was possibly the most idiosyncratic performers and composers our music has ever produced. His music is second only to Duke Ellington in the number of times his many compositions have been recorded. Often referred to as the High Priest of Bebop, he was instrumental in the birth of this style, playing alongside Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, he was the pianist of choice at Minton’s Playhouse where the new style was given birth.

Saxophonist Park “Pepper” Adams (born Oct 8, 1930) was one of many jazz greats to emerge from the fertile jazz scene of Detroit, Michigan in the 1940s-50s. He was known for his fiery technical abilities and big sound on the cumbersome baritone saxophone. He recorded prolifically with just about everyone on the NYC jazz scene after he relocated there in the late 1950’s, and his unique voice as a jazz composer can be heard on full display on the 18 recordings he made as a leader throughout his career.

Saxophonist John Coltrane (born Sept 23, 1926), is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential musical voices of the 20th Century. His influence can’t be overestimated; literally every musician who followed him has been shaped by his innovations and contributions to the music. A member of Miles Davis’ first great quintet, Coltrane also played with Thelonious Monk, Dizzy Gillespie and many other jazz greats before forming his ground breaking quartet in 1960 with pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Jimmy Garrison, and drummer Elvin Jones. Together, this band reshaped the jazz landscape as none had before or since.

Saxophonist Julian “Cannonball” Adderley (born Sept 15,1928) and his cornetist brother Nat (born Nov 25, 1931) co-led one of the most successful jazz groups of the 1960’s-1970’s. From the time they arrived on the NYC scene from their native Florida in 1955, and sat in with bassist Oscar Pettiford, they set the town ablaze. Both musicians found work with many of the jazz luminaries of the time, Cannonball famously with Miles Davis’ great sextet that included John Coltrane and recorded Kind of Blue, the biggest selling jazz recording of all time, and Nat with trombonist J. J. Johnson and Woody Herman. By 1959 they formed their long-standing quintet and had their first hit with This Here, the first of many successful recordings, many composed by Nat for the quintet. Nat is also one of the few jazz musicians to continue playing the cornet, instead of the brighter/brassier trumpet favored by most players, which helped give the quintet a more intimate warmer sound.

Tenor Saxophonist Sonny Rollins, born September 7, 1930, is widely recognized as one of the most influential jazz musicians of all time. In his over seven-decade career he has produced over sixty albums as a leader, and penned a number of tunes that have become jazz standards. Growing up in the Sugar Hill neighborhood of Harlem he was surrounded by a hotbed of jazz activity from an early age, his neighborhood boasted such luminaries as Bud Powell, Thelonius Monk, and Coleman Hawkins. He and his contemporary Jackie McClean played together as teenagers in a band of young musicians drawn from the neighborhood. Health problems necessitated Rollins stop playing the saxophone in 2012, but he still lives in his upstate New York home, an elder jazz statesman at the age of 93.

Pianist Horace Silver, born September 2, 1928, in Connecticut, played tenor saxophone and piano in school, and received his first national recognition when his trio was hired to play with saxophonist Stan Getz in 1950. His career received a major boost when he became part of the original Jazz Messengers with Art Blakey, and recorded his first hit composition, The Preacher. He toured with Blakey until 1956, when he left to start his own quintet, which featured his prolific compositional talents, and launched the careers of numerous younger players over the ensuing decades. He is one of the musicians credited with launching the hard bop style.

Saxophonist, composer Wayne Shorter, born August 25, 1933, was one of the most influential jazz artists, and most creative, distinctive and prolific jazz composers the music has produced. Serving as the principal composer for both Art Blakey and Miles Davis’ bands during his tenures there, in addition to the music he wrote for his own twenty record dates and Weather Report, his catalog runs to hundreds of titles, many of which have become jazz standards.

Pianist Mulgrew Miller, born August 13, 1955, toured with the Duke Ellington Orchestra for three years right out of college, later accompanying singer Betty Carter, then three year stints with trumpeter Woody Shaw followed by Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers. He was already recording with his own groups when he joined drummer Tony Williams in quintet and trio settings, he also served as director of jazz studies at William Paterson college up unto his tragic death of a stroke at age 57. His playing never lost its roots as a church pianist, but he also incorporated the pyrotechnic technical influences of Oscar Peterson and the harmonic language of McCoy Tyner.

Bill Evans, born August 16, 1929, was one of his generation’s most influential jazz pianists. His lyrical melodic lines, use of impressionistic harmony and deft touch at the keyboard combined to make him an influence on every pianist that came after him. After working with Miles Davis and recording the seminal recording "Kind of Blue", he spent the rest of his career performing with his own trios, carving out a career as a soloist and jazz composer for decades, earning 31 Grammy award nominations and winning seven.

Charlie Parker, nicknamed “Yardbird” or “Bird” for short was easily one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century. Born in Kansas City, Kansas on August 29, 1920, he came up in the vital jazz scene of Kansas City, Missouri. Initially heavily influenced by the playing of saxophonist Lester Young, he developed a prodigious saxophone technique and his own unique harmonic and melodic language, heavily rooted in the blues tradition, and together with trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie is credited with creating the style of jazz later referred to as bebop. Bassist Charles Mingus famously commented that so many musicians copied Bird’s innovations that they’d all be guilty of copyright violations in a just world!

Virtuoso trumpeter Lee Morgan (born July 10, 1938) first rose to fame as a teenage member of Dizzy Gillespie’s band. He played as a sideman with John Coltrane, Wayne Shorter, Jackie McLean, Hank Mobley, Art Blakey in addition to producing a series of recordings as a leader, one of which “The Sidewinder” became a surprise commercial hit in 1964. He died tragically in 1972, shot at a club in NYC during a gig.

Composer and lyricist Frank Loesser (born June 29, 1910) worked for years as a lyricist for a series of different songwriters, always telling them he could actually write both words and music himself, and he proved it in 1950 with the Broadway Premiere of Guys and Dolls. Over the course of his career he won a Pulitzer Prize for his show, How to Succeed in Business, Tony awards for Guys and Dolls and How to Succeed in Business and an Academy Award for the song "Baby it’s Cold Outside." Jazz musicians have embraced his tunes for years, his melodies and harmonies are a continuing source of inspiration.

Tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley (born July 7, 1930) was described as the “Middleweight champion of the tenor saxophone” by critic Leonard Feather, but most musicians think he punched well above that weight class. His career included stints with Art Blakey, Horace Silver, Max Roach and Miles Davis as well as over thirty recordings as a bandleader in his own right. Many of his compositions have become jazz standards, and his soulful and lyrical solos stood out every time he played his horn.

Throughout songwriter Richard Rodgers' (born June 28, 1902) long career, with 43 Broadway shows and over 900 songs to his credit, he wrote primarily with only two lyricists, Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein. Much of his output with both men have become standards, but jazz musicians are particularly enamored with his earlier work, with Lorenz Hart. Some theorize that even though he was often at odds with Hart due to the latter’s unreliable work ethic, the fact that Hart set lyrics to Rodger’s music after it was composed allowed freer range to Rodger’s imagination than the work he composed with Hammerstein, who insisted on writing the lyric beforehand and having Rodgers set it to music.

Pianist, bandleader, composer Chick Corea (born June 12, 1941) is one of the most influential jazz musicians of his generation. After serving his apprenticeship with Miles Davis, Corea started a group called Return to Forever, that featured singer Flora Purim, reedman Joe Farrell and drummer/ percussionist Airto Moreira. Many of the compositions Corea penned for this band have become jazz standards. He had numerous trend setting groups of varying sizes throughout his career, featuring cutting edge sidemen and premiering new compositions on a regular basis, in addition to displaying his prodigious keyboard abilities.

Trumpeter/composer Tom Harrell, born June 16, 1946, is one of most creative players of his instrument, and a prolific and fresh compositional voice as well. His achievements are all the more remarkable when you consider he suffers from symptoms of schizophrenia, and has only one lung! Early in his career he toured with the big bands of Stan Kenton and Woody Herman, followed by sideman stints with Horace Silver and Phil Woods. For the past three decades he has carved out his place as a leader in his own right, and composes wonderful original music in abundance.

Composer/lyricist Cole Porter, born June 9, 1891, was a rarity among composers of American popular songs. Besides being among only a handful of songwriters who penned their own lyrics, he was unique in that he was born into a wealthy Indiana family. He produced a staggering number of songs that have been embraced by jazz musicians over the years, in a remarkable career that spanned four decades.

Brazilian songwriter Antônio Carlos Jobim (also called Tom Jobim), born January 25, 1927, is the best known and most prolific of the composers who originated the bossa nova. His compositions have captured the imaginations of jazz musicians from the outset. His lyricism and harmonic imagination have made his tunes popular worldwide, and he is so revered in Brazil, that the Rio de Janero airport is named in his honor, a singular recognition for a popular song writer.

Miles Davis (May 26, 1926 - Sept 28, 1991) unabashedly said that he revolutionized jazz music several times over his career. While an argument could be made for that statement, it is undeniable that the many musicians who passed through his bands over the years have definitely revolutionized the music.   The list is long, virtually every musician who passed through Miles’ many bands has had a lasting impact on the music, John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderley, Hank Mobley, Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, Keith Jarrett, Joe Zawinul and the list goes on! Throughout his long career Miles retained his lyrical, introspective approach to soloing, regardless of the musicians he surrounded himself with.

Jackie McLean (May 17, 1931 - March 31, 2006) was one of the many jazz musicians to be deeply influenced in the generation coming up under the influence of Charlie Parker. He always had his own unique sound and approach though, recording with Miles Davis, Art Blakey, Charles Mingus and other leaders before leading his own groups, notably on Blue Note Records, for whom he recorded twenty-three sides. He was one of the early supporters of Ornette Coleman’s innovations, recording with Ornette on his New and Old Gospel LP. He was a revered teacher as well, turning out many students during his long tenure as a professor at Hart School of Music who have gone on to their own careers.

Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 - September 22, 1989) was one of the most prolific and successful songwriters of all time. His accomplishments as a  composer and lyricist are even more remarkable when you consider that English wasn’t his native language (he grew up speaking Yiddish) and his piano skills were limited to playing in only one key (he famously had a custom built piano with a “gear shift” to transpose the instrument into other keys)! He was an astute businessman as well, one of the first songwriters to control his own publishing. Jazz musicians have embraced his tunes for their lyricism and harmonic twists since his earliest hit, Alexander’s Ragtime Band, which he wrote around the time he was still working as a singing waiter on New York City’s lower East side.

Miles Davis once said all musicians should set aside a day each year to honor Duke Ellington. This year, the Jazz Evensong Quintet has set aside two. It’s not hyperbole to state that this man contributed as much to jazz and American music as anyone living or dead, his legacy as a composer, performer, and band leader is undeniable. His band featured many of our greatest musicians as well, a great many staying with him for the bulk of their careers.

Saxophonist/composer Joe Henderson (born April 24, 1937) was an eclectic performer, recording over thirty albums on Blue Note records, raging from straight ahead sessions with Horace Silver to more avant-guard outings with Andrew Hill, always sounding like himself in every setting. He recorded with Herbie Hancock and even spent a period of time with Blood, Sweat and Tears. The bulk of the material we’ll play is drawn from the seminal recordings he made with trumpeter Kenny Dorham in the 1960s, many of the tunes this group recorded have become jazz standards.

Henry Mancini (born April 16, 1924) was one of the most prolific and successful songwriters of all time. His film scores won four Academy Awards, a Golden Globe, and twenty Grammy Awards, plus a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. He had a lifelong affinity for jazz and jazz musicians, hiring many of Hollywood’s greatest jazz players for his recordings and film scores, and his tunes have been embraced by jazz musicians worldwide for their melodic lyricism and intriguing harmonic structure. We’ll perform many of his best loved tunes, Days of Wine and Roses, Two for the Road, Moment to Moment, Dreamsville, and of course The Pink Panther.

Bassist/composer Charles Mingus (born April 22, 1922) was one of the most prolific composers the music has produced. Over his decades long career, he collaborated with many of our music’s greats, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach and Eric Dolphy to name a few. He was one of the first artists to attempt to control the recording and distribution of his own recordings, founding Debut Records in the 1950’s, and was a vocal proponent for equal rights, many of his compositions are social commentary on the injustices perpetrated on black people in America. On Sunday, April 14th, we'll be performing many of his tunes that have become jazz standards, including Goodbye, Porkpie Hat, Duke Ellington’s Sounds of Love, Better Get It In Your Soul and many others.

Trumpeter, composer/arranger Thad Jones born March 28, 1923, was the middle son in a family that also produced younger brother Elvin Jones, perhaps best known as John Coltrane’s longtime drummer, and pianist Hank Jones, who performed and recorded with almost everyone in his long career, as one of the first black musicians to have a long and fruitful career in the New York studios. Thad first made his mark on the national scene as a soloist and arranger/composer for the Basie band in 1954. When he moved to New York City in the 1960’s, he founded a big band he co led with drummer Mel Lewis that still plays weekly at the Village Vanguard, still playing much of the music Thad wrote. In 1979 he moved to Copenhagen, Denmark where he lead the Danish Radio Big Band, and taught at the Royal Danish Conservatory. In 1985 he took over leadership of the Basie Band, but tragically passed way in 1986 of cancer.

In addition to being one of the denizens of the NYC 52nd St scene, pianist/composer Lennie Tristano was an influential and pioneering teacher of jazz improvisation. He had prodigious technical abilities as a player, and his pedagogical approach to teaching improvisation eschewed learning “licks” in favor of creating fresh original improvised music. His many compositions exhibit this somewhat stream of consciousness approach, uniquely original, often angular lines based on standard chord progressions. His linear approach to playing was championed by his best known students, saxophonists Lee Konitz and Warne Marsh, who utilized his concepts for their entire careers.

Ornette Coleman set the jazz world ablaze with the release of his first recording “Something Else” in 1958. Ironically, so many of the innovations he introduced to the music have become so ingrained over the passing years, it’s difficult to believe his music was so controversial at the time. His conception of free jazz influenced mainstream jazz musicians like Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane and Jackie McClean, to name just a few, who adopted parts of his so-called “harmolodic system” to their own music. We’ll play many of his compositions that have become jazz standards, including "Lonely Woman", "The Blessing", "Turnaround" and many others from this creative artist.

Alec Wilder and Harold Arlen are both composers in the great American Songbook tradition. Chances are good you've never heard of Alec Wilder, even if you’re familiar with some of his popular songs, like "I’ll Be Around" or "While We’re Young." He was also a prolific composer of chamber music, many of the best known virtuosos of the day were personal friends of his, and he wrote most of his chamber works with them in mind. Frank Sinatra was so enamored with Wilder’s chamber music that he released a recording of several of his instrumental works as “conducted” by Sinatra! Harold Arlen is perhaps best remembered for his score for The Wizard of Oz and "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" is one of the most recorded songs of all time. It’s easy to overlook the fact that he wrote over 500 songs during his career, a large number of which became standards, about which Irving Berlin said "He wasn't as well known as some of us, but he was a better songwriter than most of us, and he will be missed by all of us."

Tenor saxophonist Dexter Gordon was one of the most quintessential performers on that instrument for over 40 years. Born in Los Angeles on February 27, 1923, he was initially heavily influenced by Lester Young, but soon developed his own bebop vocabulary and a room filling sound befitting his 6’6” frame, his playing heavily influenced Sonny Rollins and John Coltrane. He was one of a number of American jazz musicians to become an expatriate, spending 14 years in Copenhagen and Paris. His bravura performance in the film Round Midnight earned him a best actor nomination, in 1986. On Sunday, the Jazz Evensong Quintet will perform a selection of his compositions from his over 90 recordings as a leader.

This week, the band talks composer, arranger, and pianist Tadd Dameron as they prepare a setlist in his honor for Sunday night.

This week, we feature the music not of a person but of a place: New Orleans.

The band talks Duke Ellington as they prep for their instrumental adaptation of Duke’s Concert of Sacred Music.

How did the Jazz Legends podcast come about? Who are the musicians you’ll be hearing from on the show? Listen on to get acquainted as we launch these episodes for a new season of Jazz Evensong here in Carlsbad, California.