COR2ED Medical Education

Do you know how to differentiate between growth hormone deficiency (or GHD) and primary IGF-I deficiency (or growth hormone resistance) and the key challenges in the diagnosis and management of patients with short stature conditions? For children presenting with short stature, an early and correct diagnosis is essential to allow children to achieve their full growth potential with appropriate treatment. Listen as expert pediatric endocrinologists delve into these rare growth disorders. Join Prof. Philippe Backeljauw (Professor at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA) and Prof. Dr. Joachim Woelfle (Chairman of Pediatrics, Director of the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Germany) as they engage in a conversation regarding key challenges in the diagnosis and management of patients with short stature conditions. The experts discuss the incidence of patients with GHD and severe primary IGF-I deficiency and how to differentiate these conditions based on clinical presentation as well as biochemical and genetic testing. The importance of taking a good medical history and physical examination is discussed, as well as various caveats related to biochemical and genetic testing. Regional differences in the diagnosis of these patients are covered as well as key challenges in the diagnosis and management. Finally, the experts discuss the different treatment options as well as the importance of ensuring caregivers are well-informed regarding the efficacy and safety of the respective treatments. This is the first video podcast episode in a two-part series on patients with severe short stature. Prefer to watch as well as listen? Watch a video of the experts in conversation and download the full transcript on the COR2ED website: https://cor2ed.com/pe-connect/programmes/rare-growth-disorders-podcast/ Or go to the video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/OfI3lZgjew0  Download the transcript: https://cor2ed.com/pe-connect/programmes/rare-growth-disorders-podcast/   This Podcast is endorsed by the Magic Foundation. Find out more on their website: https://www.magicfoundation.org/ The medical experts in this podcast are expressing their own views and not those of COR2ED, supporters, or their institution. This podcast is supported by an Independent Medical Education Grant from Ipsen. This podcast is developed by COR2ED.com

Gene therapy and gene-modified cell therapies have a great potential for rare diseases to either help patients to cure their disease or improve their lives. Did you know that gene therapy will probably become a major treatment option for many rare diseases in the near future? Listen as expert hematologists delve into this topic and take hemophilia as a practical example. Join Prof. Cédric Hermans (Head of the Division of Haematology, the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit and the Hemophilia Center of the Saint-Luc University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium) and Prof. Miguel Escobar (Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Medical Director, Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombophilia Center Houston, USA) as they engage in a conversation about the potential of gene and gene-modified cell therapies in rare diseases, and how early gene therapies have been implemented as a treatment approach for rare diseases, such as leber congenital amaurosis, spinal muscular atrophy, beta-thalassemia, adrenoleukodystrophy, and hemophilia. The experts explore hemophilia as an example of how gene therapy has become a reality within rare diseases. They discuss why we need gene therapy for rare disease, what gene therapy and gene modified cell therapy is, and how this has become a reality in hemophilia, and look to the future of gene therapy for rare diseases. Finally they reflect on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. - Access information on the programme, the clinical takeaways, the flashcard and the transcript here https://cor2ed.com/hemostasis-connect/programmes/gene-therapy-rare-diseases/ Find out about the experts Prof Cedric Hermans and Prof. Miguel Escobar.  The medical experts in this podcast are expressing their own views and not those of COR2ED, supporters, or their institution. This podcast is supported by an Independent Medical Education Grant from The American Society of Gene + Cell Therapy and Pfizer.

Thrombotic risk is a constant threat in perioperative patients, but it has decreased with the evolution of surgical technology.  Do you know how to minimise the risk of thrombosis in your surgical patients?  Learn from expert colleagues from the University of Basel, Switzerland: Prof. Dimitrios Tsakiris (hematologist) and Prof. Daniel Bolliger (anesthesiologist).  In this podcast episode the two experts discuss the pathophysiology of perioperative thrombosis, how to apply perioperative thromboprophylaxis and consider special considerations such as the use of aspirin following orthopedic surgery, when to monitor anticoagulants and the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters as thromboprophylaxis.  This is the final episode podcast in a four-part series on thrombosis in various clinical conditions.

What are the common pre-analytical phase challenges in prostate cancer, and how can we overcome them? Why is it important to identify genetic alterations? You are listening to part 1 of a 3-part video podcast series moderated by active, practising oncologists/hematologists, the Oncology Brothers, Drs. Rohit and Rahul Gosain. In this episode, you’ll hear GU cancer genomics expert Dr Alexander Wyatt and medical oncologist Dr Petros Grivas shine a spotlight on the pre-analytical phase challenges and biomarker testing in prostate cancer. As the conversation unfolds, the experts explain why it’s so important to identify genetic alterations in prostate cancer and discuss best practice approaches to help minimise pre-analytical challenges. Prefer to watch as well as listen? Watch a video of the experts in conversation and download the full transcript on the COR2ED website: https://cor2ed.com/precision-oncology-connect/programmes/prostate-cancer-preanalytical-challenges-biomarker/ Or go to the video on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sxzw1SX3nao We are pleased to share that this podcast is endorsed by the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) and The National Alliance of State Prostate Cancer Coalitions (NASPCC). You can find out more about AMP at https://amp.org and NASPCC at https://naspcc.org The medical experts in this podcast are expressing their own views and not those of COR2ED, supporters, or their institution. This podcast is supported by an Independent Medical Education Grant from AstraZeneca and Amoy Diagnostics. This podcast is developed by cor2ed.com.

What are the common pre-analytical phase challenges in prostate cancer, and how can we overcome them? Why is it important to identify genetic alterations? You are listening to part 1 of a 3-part video podcast series moderated by active, practising oncologists/hematologists, the Oncology Brothers, Drs. Rohit and Rahul Gosain. In this episode, you’ll hear GU cancer genomics expert Dr Alexander Wyatt and medical oncologist Dr Petros Grivas shine a spotlight on the pre-analytical phase challenges and biomarker testing in prostate cancer. As the conversation unfolds, the experts explain why it’s so important to identify genetic alterations in prostate cancer and discuss best practice approaches to help minimise pre-analytical challenges. Prefer to watch as well as listen? Watch a video of the experts in conversation and download the full transcript on the COR2ED website: https://cor2ed.com/precision-oncology-connect/programmes/prostate-cancer-preanalytical-challenges-biomarker/ Or go to the video on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sxzw1SX3nao We are pleased to share that this podcast is endorsed by the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) and The National Alliance of State Prostate Cancer Coalitions (NASPCC). You can find out more about AMP at https://amp.org and NASPCC at https://naspcc.org The medical experts in this podcast are expressing their own views and not those of COR2ED, supporters, or their institution. This podcast is supported by an Independent Medical Education Grant from AstraZeneca and Amoy Diagnostics. This podcast is developed by cor2ed.com.

COR2ED Medical Education: Extended anticoagulation beyond the initial 3 months is indicated for all types of VTE, except in surgery-or trauma-VTE or in patients at high risk of bleeding. Are you up to date on the latest treatment options for VTE and their duration?  Expert haematologists Prof. Dimitrios Tsakiris (University of Basel, Switzerland) and Prof. Jerzy Windyga (Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland) engage in a discussion on this important topic. This is the third podcast in a four-part series on thrombosis in various clinical conditions. In this podcast we focus on anti-thrombotic treatment for VTE and how long optimal treatment should be.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Prof. Andra H. James (Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Maternal Fetal Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, US) and Dr Maria Elisa Mancuso (Senior Haematology Consultant at the Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases of IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy) discuss various treatment options for severe postpartum haemorrhage (also called PPH). Experts discuss what causes PPH and how to determine the risk before and during labour with algorithms and other helpful tools. The discussion moves to when haematologic expertise is required and how collaboration can be optimized to provide the best care for patients. Furthermore, the experts share their learnings from clinical practice through discussion of specific patient cases, including patients with and without underlying bleeding disorders, as well as where haemostatic agents fit in the protocol.

COR2ED Medical Education: Welcome to the "Addressing Anxiety and Pain Around IUD Placement" podcast, where experts in the field, Carolyn Westhoff MD, Michal Yaron MD, and Patty Cason RN, MS, FNP-BC, delve into the world of intrauterine contraception. These seasoned clinicians share their vast experience in providing IUD placements, training others, and contributing to research trials aimed at making the process more comfortable. IUDs are highly effective contraceptive options, but misconceptions and fears can deter patients from choosing them. In this podcast, our experts aim to dispel these concerns by discussing strategies to address anxiety and pain at every stage of IUD placement. Join us as we explore pre-placement conversations that involve eliciting patient concerns, informed consent, and setting realistic expectations. Discover how patient engagement and tailored information play a crucial role in enhancing the overall experience.  The experts also share insights on factors that may influence pain during IUD insertion, such as cervical blocks, NSAIDs, and the importance of verbal analgesia. They shed light on the significance of patient-driven distractions and creating a calm environment to alleviate anxiety. Tune in to uncover tips for predicting potential difficulties during insertion and the importance of adapting to each patient's unique needs. Whether discussing uterine length, history of dysmenorrhea, or a patient's past gynaecological experiences, our experts guide you through considerations that can help optimize the process. Don't miss out on this informative and insightful podcast, where the experts provide valuable guidance to clinicians and patients alike on navigating the world of IUDs with confidence and comfort.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast episode, Prof Dimitrios Tsakiris (Haematologist, Basel University, Switzerland) and Dr Lars Asmis (Haematologist, University of Zurich, Switzerland) discuss the association between thrombosis and cancer.  Experts discuss how different tumours affect the risk for thrombosis in patients and genetic disorders such as thrombophilia. They cover multiple scores (Khorana, Vienna, PROTECHT and Pabinger) that might help to categorise thrombosis risk in oncology patients. The discussion moves to how cancer patients with thrombosis should be treated and the duration of treatment of low molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), with reference to the CLOT study and recent guidelines. In addition, they discuss whether there should be a different approach with hospital in- and out-patients  Finally, both experts discuss anticoagulation and oncocardiology and the higher incidences of atrial fibrillation reported in cancer patients.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Homa K. Ahmadzia (Maternal-Fetal Medicine specialist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at George Washington University hospital, USA) and Dr Jarmila A. Zdanowicz (Senior Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Head Maternity Unit, Fellow in Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland), discuss severe postpartum haemorrhage (also called PPH). To set the scene, they explain important definitions and real-world incidence, in particular in higher resourced and less resourced countries. What is the difference between non-severe and severe PPH? What specialities are involved? And what are the consequences when PPH is not treated correctly? Additionally, Dr Ahmadzia and Dr Zdanowicz consider who is at risk, what measures can be used to diagnose, and the importance of prevention as well as treatment.

COR2ED Medical Education: Prof. Dr Amit Singal, Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist at UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA and Prof. Dr Jeroen Dekervel, GI Oncologist at UZ Leuven, Belgium, discuss the new era in treating patients with advanced HCC, focusing on treatment selection and the right time to switch to 2nd line therapy. In this podcast, the experts give an overview of the current 1st and 2nd line systemic treatment options and sequences for patients with advanced HCC by looking into the results from different clinical trials and current guidelines. They also shine a light on the differences in approved 2nd line systemic therapies between Europe and USA. The experts present their approach in making the decision to switch to 2nd line therapy, thereby taking toxicity, liver function and disease progression into account. They also discuss the need for comparative effectiveness data to determine the optimal 2nd line therapy.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this final episode, the experts discuss two patient case studies with oral SERDs (oral selective estrogen receptor degraders) and a novel therapy for ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Each patient presents unique and rare situations that shed light on the challenges confronting healthcare professionals and patients alike. They discuss the most up-to-date data and strategies for optimising treatment selection in each individual case. This podcast is a conversation between two independent experts: Dr. Rena Callahan an Associate Clinical Professor of Hematology Oncology at University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine and Dr. Shaheenah Dawood, a consultant medical oncologist and professor of oncology at Mediclinic City Hospital, United Arab Emirates, Dubai.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast episode, Prof Dimitrios Tsakiris (Haematologist, Basel University, Switzerland) and Assoc. Prof. Michael Nagler (Haematologist, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland) discuss when to monitor anticoagulation in clinical practice, covering both the technical aspects and the clinical usefulness.  The two experts discussed when monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is necessary for acute situations like bleeding, surgery, and thrombolysis, while recognizing its limitations.   They also discuss how to differentiate routine monitoring from critical drug level assessments, exploring the impact on clinical decisions and patient care.  In addition, they discuss the benefits of anti-Xa assays for anticoagulation monitoring, including potential standardisation and shifting from traditional assays for unfractionated heparin. This podcast is the first episode in a series of four podcasts on thrombosis in various clinical situations.

COR2ED Medical Education: This podcast episode provides an introduction to molecular testing in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.  Prof. David Hong from MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA and Dr Tracy Stockley from the University Health Network, Toronto, Canada discuss optimal testing strategies to identify actionable mutations. The experts discuss genetic testing and why identifying genetic alterations is a critical step to achieving optimal patient care. They share their multidisciplinary perspectives on when to use molecular profiling and which testing methodologies should be used to identify genetic alterations to inform treatment decisions with targeted therapies throughout the patient journey.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, the experts deep-dive into two patient case studies of ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, discussing the intricacies of treatment selection and sequencing to maximise outcomes, current data, and what to consider when adjusting dosage or switching treatments. Dr. Rena Callahan an Associate Clinical Professor of Hematology Oncology at University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine and Dr. Shaheenah Dawood, a consultant medical oncologist and professor of oncology at Mediclinic City Hospital, United Arab Emirates, Dubai discuss oral SERDs, a novel therapy for ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

COR2ED Medical Education: This podcast series consists of two episodes where expert oncologists Dr Sam Klempner (Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) and Dr Lizzy Smyth (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK) discuss patient cases focusing on gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.  In the second episode, Dr Klempner presents a case of a patient with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.  The two experts discuss biomarker testing such as MMR, HER2, PD-1 and CLDN 18.2. They also discuss treatment options, CPS scoring and test selection plus recent clinical trial data that are practice changing.

COR2ED Medical Education: This podcast series consists of two episodes where expert oncologists Dr Sam Klempner (Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) and Dr Lizzy Smyth (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK) discuss patient cases focusing on gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.  In this first episode, Dr Smyth presents a case of operable localised gastric cancer.  The two experts discuss the importance of MMR biomarker testing And CROSS VS FLOT management approaches. They refer to data from recent clinical trials in upper gastrointestinal cancer such as MATTERHORN, NEONIPIGA, INFINITY, KEYNOTE-811 and KEYNOTE-585 and how data might impact clinical management.

COR2ED Medical Education: Robert Mitchell-Thain, CEO of the PBC Foundation, Edinburgh, UK and Kath Houghton, Autoimmune Specialist Nurse, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK, discuss their ‘Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) highlights from EASL 2023’ in this podcast. Their discussion covers the relationship between initial symptoms and disease trajectory, the association of biochemical control and outcomes in PBC, and the impact and assessment of patient reported outcomes.

COR2ED Medical Education: Prof. Gideon Hirschfield, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Canada and Dr Emma Culver, Consultant Hepatologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the John Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford, UK discuss their ‘Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) highlights from EASL 2023’ in this podcast. Their discussion focuses on cancer risk associated with PBC; liver stiffness and prognosis; and outcomes and response prediction in second-line therapy.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, the experts give an overview of  the EMERALD trial  and present elacestrant as the first, and currently only, oral SERD to be FDA approved. They focus on the efficacy results and landmark analysis not only according to the duration of CDK4/6i prior treatment but also to the presence/absence of ESR1 mutation. Experts also provide a brief discussion on EMERALD trial safety results. The discussion ends with a look at the current treatment landscapeand future perspective for oral SERDs in ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Dr.Rena Callahan an Associate Clinical Professor of Hematology Oncology at University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine and Dr.Shaheenah Dawood, a consultant medical oncologist and professor of oncology at Mediclinic City Hospital, United Arab Emirates, Dubai explore new endocrine therapies for ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer. More specifically, they discuss  oral SERDs efficacy and safety profile as well as their place in treatment landscape

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast GU NURSES CONNECT members Brenda Martone and Jennifer Sutton discuss the nurse role in managing treatment intensification for metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer(mCSPC) patients with triplet therapy of ADT + docetaxel + a novel hormonal agent (NHA).  They focus on patient selection, AE management and drug-drug interactions.  The experts discuss key data from the PEACE 1 and ARASENS trials of triplet therapy with abiraterone and darolutamide respectively, in combination with ADT and docetaxel. They discuss the importance of the nurse role in communicating and educating the patient about the benefits and risks of different triplet regimens.  They debate whether triplet therapy should be the new standard of care for all mCSPC patients and discuss the patient subgroups that benefit the most from early treatment intensification.

COR2ED Medical Education: This podcast episode discusses treatment sequencing in advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, third line and beyond.  Dr Shubham Pant from MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas USA and Dr Jenny Seligmann from the University of Leeds, UK discuss treatment considerations in these patients and evaluate recent data.  The experts discuss the treatments currently approved at third line – regorafenib and TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil).  They also reflect on data presented at ASCO GI 2023 from the SUNLIGHT trial which studied the use of TAS-102 plus bevacizumab as third-line treatment in refractory colorectal cancer and where this treatment may fit into the treatment sequence in the future.  They also look at data from the FRESCO-2 trial which was presented at ESMO 2022 and studied fruquintinib in the later line mCRC setting..  The discussion then moves to treatments for molecularly selected mCRC patients with the MOUNTAINEER trial where a combination of trastuzumab and tucatinib was studied.  Finally, they discuss EGFR rechallenge and data from the CRICKET and CHRONOS trials.

COR2ED Medical Education: Assoc. Prof. Shilpa Gupta and Dr Fabio Schutz, discuss early treatment intensification with triplet therapy for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in this GU CONNECT podcast. The experts discuss how to apply key data from the PEACE 1 and ARASENS trials of triplet therapy with abirateroneand darolutamide respectively, in combination with ADT and docetaxel into their clinical practice. They debate whether triplet therapy should be the new standard of care for all patients and discuss the patient subgroups that benefit the most from early treatment intensification. A number of patient scenarios are considered alongside the efficacy of the novel hormonal combinations, adverse event profiles, drug to drug interactions, volume of disease, age, comorbidities and patient risk.

Overview of efficacy and safety data of combination therapy with PARPi and NHAs, incorporating the latest data presented and the impact for the treatment of patients with mCRPC COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Tanya Dorff, a Medical Oncologist from the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Dr Neeraj Agarwal, Medical Oncologist and Director of the Genitourinary Oncology Program at the Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah in the United States discuss the efficacy and safety data of combination therapy with PARPi and NHAs, incorporating the latest data presented at ASCO GU 2023 and the impact for the treatment of patients with mCRPC in this GU CONNECT podcast. In this podcast, the experts discuss the updated survival analysis from the PROPEL study of olaparib and abiraterone which demonstrated a benefit in an all-comer mCRPC population and the second interim analysis from the MAGNITUDE study which showed a benefit of niraparib plus abiraterone in mCRPC patients with homologous recombination repair alterations. They also discuss the differing trial results and how these compare to the most recent data presented from the TALAPRO-2 trial of talazoparib plus enzalutamide which showed a benefit in a biomarker unselected population. The experts consider how this combination therapy may be implemented in clinical practice in the future pending regulatory approval of the combinations.

COR2ED Medical Education: Prof. Dr James Harding, Medical Oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Prof. Dr Sammy Saab, Gastroenterologist and Transplant Hepatologist at the David Geffen School of Medicine, both from the USA, discuss the treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who are not eligible for immunotherapy (IO) first line. In this podcast, the experts give an overview of the current systemic treatment options for patients by looking into the results from different clinical trials and current guidelines, as the field is rapidly evolving since 2017. They discuss the patient cohorts who are not eligible for IO in first line, such as patients with underlying auto-immunity, impaired organ function and patients who decline IO. The experts discuss the efficacy and safety data from the SHARP and Asia Pacific trials of sorafenib and from the REFLECT trial of lenvatinib, which are both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and available for the aforementioned patient cohorts. They also present their approach to toxicity management for patients receiving those TKIs.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Neal Shore, Uro-Oncologist and Chief Medical Officer for Genesis Care and Urology and Surgical Oncology in the United States and Dr Elena Castro, Medical Oncologist at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid, discuss clinical implementation of PARP inhibitors and novel hormonal agent (NHA) combinationtherapy for patients with mCRPC, providing both a US and EU perspective. In this podcast, the experts discuss efficacy and safety data from the PROPEL study of olaparib and abiraterone which demonstrated a benefit in an all-comer mCRPC population and data from the MAGNITUDE study which showed a benefit of niraparib plus abiraterone in a biomarker positive mCRPC population. The experts discuss the differing trial results and how these compare to the TALAPRO-2 trial of talazoparib plus enzalutamide. They discuss the value of genetic testing considering these results and debate whether an all-comer mCRPC patient population should be treated with a PARP inhibitor plus NHA combination or whether treatment should be determined based on HRR alterations.  The experts consider how this combination therapy may be implemented in clinical practice in the future including how to manage patients who are already receiving a NHA prior to becoming castration resistant.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Neal Shore, Uro-Oncologist and Chief Medical Officer for Genesis Care and Urology and Surgical Oncology in the United States and Dr Elena Castro, Medical Oncologist at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid, discuss clinical implementation of PARP inhibitor monotherapy for prostate cancer patients, providing both a US and EU perspective. In this podcast, the experts discuss the key efficacy and safety findings from the olaparib registration study, PROfound, and the TRITON-2 study which led to accelerated approval for rucaparib. They also discuss the recent data from the rucaparib confirmatory phase 3 trial, TRITON 3 and based on the results of these studies, debate are all PARP inhibitors the same and can the results be extrapolated from one PARP inhibitor to another. The timing of treatment with PARP inhibitors versus taxanes is also explored. Genetic testing is amongst the topics covered, including when to consider germline versus somatic testing and the impact of various homologous recombination repair alterations on efficacy.

Medical education: Join Lead Nurse Andreia Fernandes and Clinical Nurse Specialist Jo Pearson as they explain how to help patients navigate the side effects of systemic therapies in endometrial carcinoma. Specialist nurses have a critical role helping women stay on treatment and at home for as long as possible. They discuss their privileged position supporting women with endometrial carcinoma and how they continue to educate and advocate for women in a fast-changing therapeutic environment.

Medical education: Join world-renowned gynaecological oncology experts Dr Domenica “Ketta” Lorusso and Dr Mansoor Mirza as they explore the changing landscape of systemic treatment in endometrial carcinoma. Single-agent immunotherapies (pembrolizumab and dostarlimab), and now immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy combinations (pembrolizumab and lenvatinib), are transforming treatment pathways, with OS benefits in the second-line now achievable. They offer tips for managing the toxicity of these novel therapeutic options and set the stage for 2023, a year which promises a paradigm shift in the use of systemic treatments in this once underserved malignancy.

COR2ED Medical Education: This episode, covers the highlights on colorectal cancer from ASCO GI 2023.  Prof. Andrea Sartore-Bianchi (Niguada Cancer Center, Milan, Italy) and Prof. Shubham Pant (MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA) discuss a number of key abstracts from the meeting and their implications for clinical practice. The experts start by discussing the SUNLIGHT trial which studied the use of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab as third-line treatment in refractory colorectal cancer.  The discussion then moves on to a trial which evaluated the kinetics of post operative circulating cell-free DNA and its impact on minimal residual cell detection in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer.  The third abstract the experts discussed was a phase I trial which study botensilimab plus balstilimab in MSS colorectal cancer patients. Finally they discuss the long term results of NRG-GI002, a phase 2 trial which looked at the use of total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

COR2ED Medical Education: This episode, covers the highlights on gastroesophageal, gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer from ASCO GI 2023.  Dr Nataliya Uboha (University of Wisconsin, USA) and Dr Efrat Dotan(Fox Chase Cancer Center, USA) discuss a number of key abstracts from the meeting and their implications for clinical practice.  The experts start by covering a number of metastatic studies.  First of all, they discuss SPOTLIGHT, a study which investigated the novel agent zolbetuximab as first line treatment in patients with claudin-18.2+/HER2 locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastroesophageal cancer.  Next they discuss Rationale 305, a study that looked at the activity of tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with PD-L1 positive tumours.  They also discussed the three-year follow up results from CheckMate 649, looking at nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced gastroesophageal cancer.  The discussion then moves on to INTEGRATE IIa, a study comparing regorafenib with placebo in refractory advanced gastroesophageal cancer.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Dr Sarah O’Brien and Dr Homa Ahmadzia discuss gynaecological considerations in women and girls who have an underlying bleeding disorder. The experts discuss the two sides of the coin regarding women with bleeding disorders: women may have uterine bleeding due to their bleeding disorder, however there can also be gynaecological causes for the heavy bleeding. Dr O’Brien and Dr Ahmadzia also review the signs and symptoms of bleeding disorders, as well as gynaecological causes for uterine bleeding including endometriosis, adenomyosis fibroids, and uterine anomalies. They discuss treatment as well as specific situations such as gynaecological surgery, and the importance of collaboration with other specialists. Dr Sarah O’Brien is a Paediatric Haematologist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, OH, USA and Dr Homa Ahmadzia is a Maternal and Foetal Medicine Physician at George Washington University, DC, USA

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Prof. Jonathan Trent and Prof. Robin Jones discuss what’s new in the patient management in sarcoma from CTOS 2022. The Connective Tissue Oncology Society is an international group of physicians and scientists with a primary interest in the tumours of connective tissues. With nearly 600 attendees, 10 sessions specific for sarcoma, and over 300 posters, CTOS 2022 took place between November 16 and 19 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Clinical practice and patient management highlights covered in the podcast include insights from the DEFI study on desmoid tumour, the REECUR study for Ewing sarcoma, and the ENLIVEN study for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). In addition, early studies with potential clinical impact are discussed. Prof. Jonathan Trent is Associate Director for Clinical Research, the Director of the Bone and Soft-tissue Sarcoma Group and Medical Director of the Precision Medicine Initiative at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center in the University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA. Prof. Robin Jones is Head of the Sarcoma Unit at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

In this podcast series, Dr. Jenny Seligmann (University of Leeds, UK), Dr. Autumn McRee (University of North Carolina, USA) and Dr. Dominik Modest (Charité University of Medicine, Germany) discuss the different therapeutic options available in colorectal and gastric cancer. In this third episode, the experts turn their focus to earlier stage disease and consider how lessons learnt in the treatment of metastatic disease can be applied in the neo adjuvant setting for colorectal cancer by discussing data from the FOXTROT and NICHE trials and the adjuvant setting for gastric cancer by discussing data from CheckMate 577.  Finally, the experts consider new promising data on targeting KRAS compared to the MEK and the ERK inhibitors.

In this podcast series, Dr. Jenny Seligmann (University of Leeds, UK), Dr. Autumn McRee (University of North Carolina, USA) and Dr. Dominik Modest (Charité University of Medicine, Germany) discuss the different therapeutic options available in colorectal and gastric cancer. This second episode focuses on recent developments in immunotherapy approaches in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer – specifically whether immunotherapy should be used alone, in combination with other treatments or with chemotherapy. Data from several clinical trials are discussed such as KEYNOTE-177, CheckMate 142, CheckMate 649, KEYNOTE 062, and NICHE. The experts also consider the appropriate treatment regimens for MSI-high and MSS colorectal and gastric cancer patients and whether CPS is an appropriate biomarker for gastric cancer.

In this podcast series, Dr. Jenny Seligmann (University of Leeds, UK), Dr. Autumn McRee (University of North Carolina, USA) and Dr. Dominik Modest (Charité University of Medicine, Germany) discuss the different therapeutic options available in colorectal and gastric cancer. In this first episode the experts discuss novel targeted approaches in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer. They discuss practice changing drug targets including BRAF and HER2 with reference to data from recent clinical trials such as DESTINY and HERACLES. They also discuss molecular testing and differences in approaches between the USA and Europe and review recommendations in the guidelines for colorectal and gastric cancer.

Prof. Thomas Powles, a Medical Oncologist from Barts Cancer Centre in the UK and Dr Friederike Schlürmann a Medical Oncologist from University Hospital of Brest and Quimper in France, discuss the clinical implementation of targeted and immunotherapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this podcast, the two experts discuss data from key trials CHECKMATE 214 (ipilimumab and nivolumab), KEYNOTE 426 (axitinib and pembrolizumab), CHECKMATE 9ER (cabozantinib and nivolumab), CLEAR (Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab) and COSMIC 313 (cabozantinib plus nivolumab and ipilimumab) and the implications for clinical practice. They also discuss management of toxicities associated with combination treatments, including dosing strategies to ensure the patient remains on optimal treatment and improved education for patients and clinicians so that they recognise side effects and how to manage them.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Haematologists Dr Michelle Lavin and Dr Roseline d’Oiron discuss the importance of recognising and correcting iron deficiency in women and girls with bleeding disorders. Iron deficiency occurs very frequently in this population, but challenges with definitions, lab tests and reference ranges can make it hard to accurately detect. The experts discuss how to diagnose and correct iron deficiency, and how to monitor patients. They also share some practical dos and don’ts and describe how iron deficiency is easy to treat, while making an immense difference on the quality of life of patients.   Dr Michelle Lavin is a Haematologist at the National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and Dr Roseline d’Oiron is a Haematologist at the Reference Centre for Haemophilia and RBD, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP and University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Prof. Martyn Caplin and Dr Aman Chauhan discuss the role of somatostatin analogues (SSAs) at progression and whether to continue or not. In patients with well-differentiated Grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and slowly progressive asymptomatic disease, potential strategies for continuing SSA at progression include increasing the SSA dose frequency from every four to every two weeks, increasing the monthly SSA dose, using SSA as maintenance therapy in stable patients unable to tolerate chemotherapy, and—in patients receiving peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)—during and/or post PRRT. They share their clinical experience and their own clinical practice, based on data from key studies including NETTER-1, CLARINET FORTE, and REMINET, as well as relevant retrospective analyses. Prof. Martyn Caplin is Professor of Gastroenterology and GI Neuroendocrinology at the Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London, UK. Dr Aman Chauhan is a Medical Oncologist and Director of NET Theranostics at the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky, USA.

COR2ED Medical Education: Haematologists Prof. Ana Boban and Dr Jonathan Roberts discuss how the type of von Willebrand disease (VWD) impacts the treatment. In this podcast, aimed at healthcare professionals outside of haematology, the experts summarise the key treatment options for VWD and discuss how they make treatment decisions on a daily basis, including treatments they tend to avoid in certain types of the disease. They also consider management in some specific clinical scenarios, including a spontaneous bleed, surgery, and heavy menstrual bleeding.    Prof. Ana Boban is Head of the Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, and Dr Jonathan Roberts is Associate Medical Director, Associate Research Director, Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Institute, Peoria, IL, USA.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this HCC CONNECT podcast HCC Experts Prof. Matthias Pinter and Prof. Jeroen Dekervel, discuss and debate the clinical implications of new HCC Phase 3 clinical trials data presented and discussed at the ILCA and ESMO congresses. They discuss Immuno-oncology agents and their place in the upcoming updated guidance such as the proposed new ILCA Systemic Therapies Guidance algorithm. They also discuss new treatment options in first line for advanced HCC presented at ESMO including the three late breaking abstracts LEAP-002, RATIONALE-301 and tislelizumab monotherapy trials. The latter two studying first-line treatment with an anti-PD1 antibody with or without a kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The experts evaluate and provide their insights into how to integrate these new treatments for HCC in the clinical practice.

COR2ED Medical Education: This second GI CONNECT podcast episode, covers the highlights on gastroesophageal cancer from ESMO 2022.  Dr Sam Klempner (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA) and Dr Yelena Janjigian (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA) discuss a number of key posters and oral presentations from the meeting and their implications for clinical practice. The experts start by covering a number of first line studies. First of all, they discuss a study from Dr. Janjigian’s research group which investigated regorafenib with nivolumab and FOLFOX in HER2 negative oesophagastric cancer.  They then discuss LEAP-015 which investigated first-line lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced/metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA).  Dr. Klempner then covers one of his posters from ESMO 2022 on the DisTinGuish trial which looked at DKN-01 and tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line investigational therapy in GEA.  Later they discuss MOONLIGHT which investigated FOLFOX plus nivolumab and ipilimumab versus FOLFOX induction followed by nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with previously untreated advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.  Later in the podcast, they cover a number of second line studies, including the PRODIGE 59 - DURIGAST trial which evaluated FOLFIRI plus durvalumab and FOLFIRI plus durvalumab plus tremelimumab in second line treatment of patients with advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.  Finally they discuss DESTINY-Gastric02 which followed on from DESTINY-Gastric01 in Asian patients and was undertaken to evaluate T-DXd in Western patients with HER2+ unresectable/metastatic gastric/GEJ cancer who progressed on or after trastuzumab-containing regimen.

COR2ED Medical Education: In the first episode of this GI CONNECT podcast covering the lower gastrointestinal (GI) cancer highlights from ESMO 2022, Dr Jenny Seligmann, Medical Oncologist from the University of Leeds in the UK and Dr Dominik Modest, Medical Oncologist from the Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany discuss a number of key oral presentations from ESMO 2022 and potential implications for clinical practice.  They start their discussion with the  NICHE-2 which looked at neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in locally advanced MMR-deficient colon cancer. Discussion then moves to the HIPECT4 trial which explored adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer and challenges previous perceptions of HIPEC in colorectal cancer patients. The FRESCO-2 trial is reviewed which evaluated the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib in patients with refractory metastatic CRC with results potentially supporting a new option for these patients. The experts then review two trials in patients with KRASG12C mutant CRC, the KRYSTAL-1 which used adagrasib with or without cetuximab in these patients and the CodeBreaK101 study which used sotorasib in combination with panitumumab.  They discuss their opinions on the results from these studies and the implications for clinical practice.

In this third episode of a three-episode podcast series, COR2ED and ASBMR have partnered with patient advocates Inês Alves (European Rare Bone Forum) and Tracy Hart (Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation) to provide rare bone disease highlights from the ASBMR 2022 Annual Meeting, focusing on the patient perspective. The experts opened the podcast with the importance of engaging diverse patient communities. Independent of geography, patients should be educated about their condition and prepared for clinical trial participation; advocacy groups play a central role in this engagement. The experts then discussed outcomes of the IMPACT survey in OI (osteogenesis imperfecta), whose extensive database (66 countries, >2000 participants) offers meaningful insights into the clinical, humanistic and economic challenges faced by OI patients around the world. Looking to advances in pre-clinical research, the experts reviewed data on nanoparticle-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to targeted mutation sites, tested in an animal model of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. As the experts note, patient communities struggle with lengthy research and development timelines for novel therapies; therefore, it’s important for advocates to keep communities informed about ongoing efforts.

In this second episode of a three-episode podcast series, COR2ED and ASBMR have partnered with Professor Eric Rush (Children’s Mercy Hospital) to provide rare bone disease highlights from ASBMR 2022 Annual Meeting. Prof. Rush opens with detailed information on fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP): symptoms of this severe congenital condition include permanent heterotopic ossifications preceded by painful soft tissue swelling. Nearly all patients have the same ACVR1 receptor variant, and Prof. Rush shares therapy options for the disease. He then offers insights on hypochondroplasia (HCH), a developmental disorder caused by a defect in the FGFR3 gene. An animal model for HCH has been developed, in which infigratinib, a selective FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows positive effects on growth as well as proportion. He then describes a clinical study in osteogenesis imperfects (OI), in which allogenic transplantation of fetal liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells was tested in children with type III and type IV OI. While increased bone density and height were observed, Prof. Rush cautions that both the number of study participants and the study duration were low. He closes the podcast with personal insights from the in-person Annual Meeting, including opportunities for engagement and exchange at “Meet the Professor” sessions.

In this first episode of a three-episode podcast series, COR2ED and ASBMR have partnered with Professor Anna Teti (University of L’Aquila) to provide rare bone disease highlights from the Rare Diseases Symposium that preceded the ASBMR 2022 Annual Meeting. Opening with an overview of ongoing clinical research in several rare bone diseases, Prof. Teti highlights the importance of preparing clinicians for unexpected adverse events. Notably, therapies used in the context of rare bone diseases can cause adverse events not seen if a common bone disease was treated. For osteogenesis imperfecta, she discusses a novel treatment based on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. A safety study in 18 paediatric patients – three of whom received a pre-natal injection – is awaiting completion by the end of 2023. Initial safety data suggests that multiple stem cell transplantations in children with this disease is safe. Prof. Teti emphasizes the impact of achondroplasia, the most common rare bone disease, and one for which new treatments are also in development. Pharmacological treatment aims to reduce activity of the pathogenic, overactive variant of FGFR3 which causes the disease. She is confident that a treatment will be found that, at minimum, enhances quality of life in patients. Prof. Teti concludes with a review of the highly collaborative spirit of the Rare Diseases Symposium, emphasizing that patient well-being must be the driving force of research.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Prof. Rezan Abdul-Kadir and Advanced Nurse Practicioner Debra Pollard discuss the impact of bleeding disorders before, during and after pregnancy and delivery. Their share their views on what healthcare providers should take into consideration when a woman with a bleeding disorder wants to have children and becomes pregnant, including potential risks and expectations of the pregnancy. Support for women and babies is discussed, including the importance of multidisciplinary care. The experts also explore their experience during and after delivery, and what to be aware of in the post-partum period. Prof Rezan Abdul-Kadir is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at the Royal Free Hospital in London and Debra Pollard is an Advanced Nurse Practicioner at the Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital in London, UK.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Sven De Keersmaecker, RN and Assoc. Prof. Gerald Prager, MD discuss flexible dosing regimens of the oral treatments regorafenib, trifluridine / tipiracil (TAS-102) and capecitabine to optimise treatment duration and to manage adverse events in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.  The two experts also discuss the importance of keeping patients on treatment to optimise outcomes whilst managing side effects and ensuring the best possible quality of life. Treatment strategies are discussed as well as key data from the ReDOS and REARRANGE trials. The experts also discuss the importance of the nurse and other multi-disciplinary team members in terms of adverse event management and treatment adherence. Sven De Keersmaecker RN is Study Co-ordinator at Antwerp University Hospital in Belgium and Dr Gerald Prager is a Medical Oncologist and Associate Professor at Medical University of Vienna in Austria

COR2ED Medical Education: In this SARCOMA CONNECT Guidelines Podcast, two SARCOMA CONNECT Experts, Prof. Robert Maki and Prof. Silvia Stacchiotti, discuss recent updates in the ESMO and NCCN bone sarcoma guidelines. Focussing on osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, but also including chordoma and Giant Cell Tumour of bone, the Experts compare and contrast the latest updates to the guidelines. They highlight the key clinical practice learning points from the guidelines, discuss the latest clinical trial data, and consider what they mean for patients.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, liver cancer experts Prof. Amit Singal and Assoc. Prof Neil Mehta discuss recent advances in systemic and locoregional therapy for advanced and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).  They focus on the role of immunotherapy and review data from three major congresses in 2022 (ASCO, WCGIC and ILC) together with recent publications.  Prof. Amit Singal is Director of Liver Cancer Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA and Assoc. Prof. Neil Mehta is Director of Liver Cancer Program at University of California San Francisco, USA.

Changing paradigms of haemophilia care in Europe COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Prof. Cedric Hermans and Prof. Jerzy Windyga discuss their perspectives on the changing paradigms of haemophilia care. They share their past experience and their views on the current situation in Europe, based on results from a recent survey and published in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology. The aim of this survey was to determine whether the paradigms of haemophilia care in Europe have changed with the introduction of novel treatment options. In the podcast, the two experts not only discuss the past and present of haemophilia care, but also share their visions on the future.   Prof. Hermans is the Head of the Division of Haematology at the Cliniques Universitaires of Saint-Luc in Brussels, Belgium. Prof. Windyga is the Head of the Department of Haemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine at the Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine in Warsaw, Poland. Both experts are members of HEMOSTASIS CONNECT’s European Collaborative Haemophilia Network.

Prostate Cancer Highlights from ASCO GU, ASCO and EAUN 2022 COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast Dr Jason Alcorn and Jennifer Sutton discuss the oncology nursing highlights from ASCO GU, ASCO and EAUN 2022.  The experts discuss: Treatment intensification with triplet therapy for mCSPC patients with practice changing data from the ARASENS trial and updated overall survival from the ENZAMET trial Subgroup analysis of prior and concomitant treatment from the VISION trial A number of practice development studies using technology to aid knowledge sharing and to improve the quality of patients’ care

Shared decision-making in nmCRPC: Treatment considerations to maintain quality of life COR2ED Medical Education: Brenda Martone, a nurse practitioner at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago Illinois and Dr Alicia Morgans, Genitourinary Medical Oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States discuss ‘Shared decision-making in nmCRPC: Treatment considerations to maintain quality of life’ in this GU CONNECT podcast. In this podcast, the experts discuss how patients are more likely to be able to adhere to a treatment plan if they understand their choices and the implications of each treatment.  They discuss how nmCRPC patients are relatively asymptomatic and the importance of understanding the patients’ goals of treatment and how these may differ from a physician’s perspective. Alicia reviews the efficacy and safety data from the key trials for nmCRPC, the SPARTAN trial with apalutamide, the PROSPER trial with enzalutamide and the ARAMIS trial with darolutamide. Brenda discusses ways to manage adverse events for the nmCRPC patients in order to keep them on treatment whilst still maintaining a good quality of life and Alicia explains how she goes about determining the right treatment for the right patient whilst considering comorbidities and drug to drug interactions.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr. Tanya Dorff, a Medical Oncologist from the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Dr. Neal Shore, Uro-Oncologist and Chief Medical Officer for Genesis Care and Urology and Surgical Oncology in the United States discuss ‘Timing of ARSI and taxanes for mCSPC’ in this GU CONNECT podcast. In this podcast, the experts reflect on how the treatment landscape for mCSPC has evolved over the past 7 years resulting in treatment intensification with ADT plus docetaxel following the CHAARTED and STAMPEDE studies and then more recently the use of ADT and androgen receptor inhibitors including abiraterone (LATITUDE, STAMPEDE), apalutamide (TITAN), and enzalutamide (ARCHES, ENZAMET).  This has further evolved with the recent reporting of the PEACE 1 and ARASENS trials which demonstrated a survival benefit with triplet therapy with abiraterone and darolutamide respectively, being used in combination with ADT and docetaxel. The experts discuss the importance of balancing benefit against risk for their mCSPC patients but state that the triplet therapies appear to be well tolerated in both the PEACE 1 and ARASENS trials. They provide their views, Neal as a urologist and Tanya as a medical oncologist, on the things to consider when making treatment decisions for these patients such as comorbidities, age, performance status, de novo versus recurrent disease, amongst others. They finish by concluding that treatment intensification should be implemented as standard of care for mCSPC patients to enable patients to have as many treatments with different mechanisms of action as early as possible in their treatment journey.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast episode, Prof. Kris Kowdley, Director, Liver Institute Northwest, Washington State University, USA and Prof. Jörn Schattenberg, Director, Metabolic Liver Research, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany provide their take-home messages on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) data presented at the International Liver Congress 2022. The two experts discuss how to improve PBCdiagnosis, the importance of listening to patient needs when considering PBC treatment options, considerations for treating PBC-related symptoms, differences in PBC diagnosis and treatment guidelines between Europe and the US, and what's coming next for this rare liver disease.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Prof. Gideon Hirschfield, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Canada and Prof. Ana Lleo, Professor of Internal Medicine, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, discuss key abstracts on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) from the International Liver Congress 2022. Their discussions focus on treatments currently available, treatment sequencing, management of adverse events, expected future therapeutic options and how to address the unmet clinical need of this rare liver disease.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, Beth Wittmer RN, Director of Care Management at Florida Cancer Specialists, USA and Prof. Hans Prenen, GI Medical Oncologist from Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium, discuss the management of dermatological side effects that patients may experience when receiving treatment with multikinase inhibitors, such as regorafenib, sunitinib, cabozantinib amongst others.  They discuss the different skin related side effects that a patient may experience such as hand foot skin reactions, rash, hair and nail changes as well as mucosal changes. The experts note that these side effects can affect a patient emotionally and impair their quality of life so the objective is to effectively treat and manage side effects and to keep patients on the treatment, whilst maintaining reasonable quality of life.  They discuss preventative measures, the importance of discussing potential side effects with the patient and when to involve a dermatologist as well as dose management strategies to enable the patient to stay on their cancer treatment.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast, two haematology experts discuss their views on the use of immune tolerance induction (ITI) in haemophilia. Prof. Jan Astermark, professor of Clinical Coagulation Medicine from Sweden, and Dr. Katharina Holstein, Haematologist from Germany, talk about whether ITI is still the first choice in patients with haemophilia A with inhibitors. A recent survey on the use of ITI in Europe, conducted by the speakers and other members of the European Collaborative Haemophilia Network, forms the basis of the discussion. In March 2022 the results of the survey were published in the journal Haemophilia. In this podcast episode the two experts discuss the results of the survey and the implications for management of haemophilia A.

In this third episode of the podcast series Women and Girls Bleed Too, Advanced Nurse Practitioner Debra Pollard (Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK) is joined by Haematologist Dr. Michelle Lavin (RCSI and National Coagulation Centre, St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland). They talk about the impact a bleeding disorder can have on the lives on women and girls and how these patients can and should be supported in first- and second-line care. When thinking about management, many healthcare providers will first consider medical treatment. Dr. Lavin gives a brief overview of the first-line treatment options for women and girls with bleeding symptoms. However, the speakers stress that the management of these patients goes beyond medical treatment options alone. They provide practical tips and recommendations for first-line healthcare professionals when they treat a patient with a bleeding disorder. As many bleeding disorders are hereditary diseases, a diagnosis not only has impact on the patient, but on their family as well. A bleeding disorder also impacts family planning, pregnancy, and quality of life. Medical and psychological support is essential throughout life. Finally, Michelle Lavin and Debra Pollard discuss some important topics for first-line healthcare providers to be aware of when they have a woman with a bleeding disorder in their practice, including the impact of a bleeding disorder on any medical invention, such as surgery, dental procedures or infertility treatment, but also on the use of pain medication.

In this second episode of the podcast series Women and Girls Bleed Too, Haematologist Dr. Roseline d’Oiron (Reference Centre for Haemophilia and RBD, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP and University of Paris-Saclay in France) and Obstetrician/Gynaecologist Prof. Rezan Abdul-Kadir (The Royal Free Foundation Hospital in London, UK) discuss how to identify women and girls who are likely to have a bleeding disorder. Prof. Abdul-Kadir addresses the steps she takes when she suspects a potential bleeding disorder in one of her patients. Dr. d’Oiron confirms it is key to get a clear understanding of the personal bleeding history and family history. There are several screening tools available to help assess the patient’s signs and symptoms. The experts discuss when a patient should be referred to a Haematologist, it is important to know that Haematologists are easily accessible for referral when in doubt. Finally, Dr. d’Oiron and Prof. Abdul-Kadir address the types of testing that should and should not be done in first line. It turns out there are many misconceptions about laboratory testing for bleeding disorders. For example, contrary to common belief a normal aPTT and PT does not exclude a bleeding disorder. Furthermore, referring to a Haematologist for testing does not mean the patient should remain untreated. Starting basic treatment is crucial to limit the bleeding and address any iron deficiency as quickly as possible.

In this first episode of the podcast series Bleeding Disorders in Women and Girls: Women & Girls Bleed Too, Dr. Michelle Lavin (Haematologist at the National Coagulation Centre, St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland) and Dr. Sarah O’Brien (Paediatric Haematologist at the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA) discuss how bleeding disorders occur in women and girls: Women & Girls Bleed Too. In clinical practice, sometimes girls can be forgotten about as bleeding disorders are more associated with males. Dr. Lavin and Dr. O’Brien discuss the signs and symptoms of bleeding disorders and their impact on the quality of life of young girls, adolescents and adult women. Furthermore, they address how diagnosis may be easier in adults than in children, given the longer history of bleeding challenges. The experts also explore potential taboos in discussing these signs and symptoms with patients, considering intercultural differences and gender taboos, and the importance of normalising the conversation amongst healthcare professionals. Finally, Dr. Lavin and Dr. O’Brien provide guidance on the next steps first-line healthcare providers should take when they see a patient with abnormal bleeding, including treatment initiation to limit the bleeding and address iron deficiency and referral to a haematologist for further assessment.

In this episode, Dr Choo discusses some key abstracts presented during the virtual ASCO and WCGIC congresses in 2021. Dr Choo comments that despite the promising and positive data with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in two different Phase 3 trials settings, the impact on clinical practice is still questionable. Dr Choo reviews some updated data from IMbrave150 which is the study that validated atezolizumab+bevacizumab combination as the new standard of care in 1L setting for aHCC patients. In addition, real-world data from OPTIMIS and GIDEON studies, confirmed that sorafenib has still a role to play in 1L specifically in Child-Pugh B patients. Dr Choo emphasises that biomarkers are urgently needed in HCC and summarises several studies investigating potential biomarkers that would require further investigation prior to clinical practice validation. Finally, Dr Choo completes the overview by presenting a Japanese study that provides support for radio frequency ablation as an option, apart from surgery for patients with small HCC.

Dr. Tanya Dorff (City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA) and Dr. Phillip Koo (Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Arizona, USA) discuss the latest developments in the field of radiopharmaceuticals and their use in Prostate Cancer. This second episode focuses on PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and how PSMA can be a target for imaging as well as for therapies. Efficacy and safety data from the phase 2 TheraP study are discussed which investigated lutetium-PSMA versus cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC who had progressed on docetaxel. The experts also discuss the ongoing VISION trial and what the results may mean for clinical practice as well as other ongoing trials looking at lutetium-PSMA in combination with other prostate cancer therapies such as PARP inhibitors, immunotherapies, hormonal therapies and chemotherapy. Treatment sequencing is also considered in terms of where lutetium-PSMA fits into clinical practice for mCRPC patients and how the treatment compares to Radium-223.

Dr. Tanya Dorff (City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA) and Dr. Phillip Koo (Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Arizona, USA) discuss the latest developments in the field of radiopharmaceuticals and their use in Prostate Cancer. They are also joined by guest speaker Dr. Neal Shore (Carolina Urologic Research Center, North Carolina, USA). In this first episode, the experts focus on the alpha emitter, Radium-223 which received regulatory approval on the basis of the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases. They consider mechanism of action and discuss key results from the trial and the safety profile. The experts also review the ERA-223 and PEACE-III randomised trials which investigated the use of Radium-223 in combination with next generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). A number of real-world evidence studies are also reviewed as the experts consider where radium-223 fits into the overall treatment sequence for mCRPC patients. Radiation safety and general considerations for delivering therapy with radiopharmaceuticals are also discussed.

COR2ED Medical Education: In this podcast episode, myeloma experts Dr. María Victoria Mateos (Haematologist at the University Hospital Salamanca, Spain) and Dr. Alexander Lesokhin (Associate Attending on the Myeloma Service at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA) discuss how they choose the best treatment regimen for patients with multiple myeloma and a high-risk cytogenetic profile.  Firstly, they discuss the treatment options available for patients with high-risk cytogenetics in the US and in Europe. However, the key question is how to decide, for each individual, which treatment option is the best one. Dr. Mateos and Dr. Lesokhin discuss the factors they consider in these decisions in their clinical practice. Although the prior treatment is the most important consideration in the relapsed setting, the type of cytogenetic abnormality also plays a role. The experts specifically discuss treatment decisions in patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma: a difficult-to-treat population. The speakers also discuss the future of myeloma treatment. How should trial design be adapted to better meet the needs of patients with a high-risk cytogenetic profile? What will be the role of CAR-T and bispecific antibodies in this population? The experts conclude by summarising their key take-aways from the discussion.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Alicia Morgans, Genitourinary Medical Oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States and Dr. Neal Shore, Uro-Oncologist and Chief Medical Officer for Genesis Care and Urology and Surgical Oncology in the United States discuss ‘Prostate Cancer Highlights from ASCO GU 2022’ in this GU CONNECT podcast. In this podcast, the experts review data from a number of key plenary sessions from ASCO GU 2022 and discuss potential implications for clinical practice. The ARASENS trial is covered first which looked at triplet therapy in the form of ADT plus docetaxel and darolutamide in patients with metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Discussion then moves to two trials investigating the combination of abiraterone acetate with PARP inhibitors in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with and without homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations: the PROpel trial with olaparib and the MAGNITUDE trial with rucaparib.  Neal and Alicia also discuss a fascinating presentation by Dr. Daniel Spratt which looked at digitising histopathology slides and using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to inform on the likelihood of disease progression and whether or not patients needed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) Finally, Alicia discusses a number of posters which she felt made an impact, including one on PSA responses in the TITAN and SPARTAN trials and a secondary analysis from the VISION trial looking at treatment related adverse events, amongst others.

COR2ED Medical Education: Prof. Karin Fijnvandraat, Professor of Paediatric Haematology at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Dr. Maria Elisa Mancuso, Senior Consultant in Haematology at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital in Milan, Italy, have an interesting discussion about prophylaxis in children with haemophilia. Along with five other members of the European Collaborative Haemophilia Network, Prof. Fijnvandraat and Dr. Mancuso recently published a white paper on prophylaxis in children in an evolving treatment landscape, in the journal Haemophilia.   In this podcast episode the two experts discuss when they start prophylaxis in young children, how they choose between plasma-derived and recombinant products and how they select the right treatment regimen, as well as practical aspects of starting prophylaxis, including the importance of involving parents in the decision-making process.

Medical Education podcast by COR2ED. Professor James Harding, HCC Connect member, provides his perspectives and insights on key abstracts and topics discussed at ASCO GI 2022 and EASL liver cancer summit 2022 in hepatocellular carcinoma. He discusses the HIMALAYA study which evaluated dual immune checkpoint blockade inhibition namely, anti-CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab with the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab in the frontline setting with patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. There were other important studies at the meeting and Prof Harding highlights the RENOBATE study and the GOING study that evaluated nivolumab in combination with regorafenib and early addition of nivolumab to regorafenib regimen, respectively.

COR2ED Medical Education: Dr Jason Alcorn, nurse consultant for Uro-Oncology & Andrology at the Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom and Dr Alicia Morgans, Genitourinary Medical Oncologist and Medical Director of the Survivorship Program at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States, discuss 'PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer: Management of adverse events and the importance of communication with patients’ as part of the GU NURSES CONNECT podcast series covering ‘PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer’. In this podcast, the experts discuss adverse events associated with PARP inhibitors and the management of them, in particular thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal effects and fatigue. Jason provides some insight into how nurses support and communicate with patients, the importance of early reporting of side effects and how to manage these. Finally, the ongoing trials of PARP inhibitors in combination with other prostate cancer treatments are also considered and what these trials may mean for patients.

COR2ED Educación Médica: Pablo Peinado, coordinador de Enfermería de Investigación, y la Dra. Elena Castro, oncóloga médica, quienes trabajan en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga en España, discuten 'El potencial de los inhibidores de PARP en el cáncer de próstata: Lo que las enfermeras necesitan para saber'. En este podcast, los expertos analizan los inhibidores de PARP (PARPi), cómo funcionan y los datos clave de los ensayos de registro de rucaparib y olaparib, TRITON2 y PROfound. También discuten cómo seleccionar PARPi para sus pacientes con cáncer de próstata y dónde encajan en la secuencia general del tratamiento. Pablo brinda información sobre la comunicación con los pacientes y los tipos de preguntas e inquietudes que suelen tener en relación con las pruebas genéticas y el tratamiento con PARPi. Además, también analizan los PARPi que se encuentran actualmente en la última etapa de desarrollo, como niraparib y talazoparib, así como el posible uso futuro de los PARPi en combinación con inmunoterapias o inhibidores de la vía del receptor de andrógenos.

COR2ED Medical Education: Pablo Peinado, Research Nurse Coordinator, and Dr. Elena Castro, medical oncologist, who both work at Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in Malaga in Spain, discuss ‘The potential of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer: What nurses need to know’.  In this podcast, the experts discuss PARP inhibitors (PARPi’s), how they work and key data from the registration trials for rucaparib and olaparib, TRITON2 and PROfound.  They also discuss how to select PARPi’s for their prostate cancer patients and where they fit in the overall treatment sequence. Pablo provides some insight into communicating with patients, and the types of questions and concerns they often have in relation to genetic testing and treatment with PARPi’s.  In addition, they also discuss the PARPi’s currently in late-stage development such as niraparib and talazoparib as well as the potential future use of PARPi’s in combination with immunotherapies or androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.

COR2ED Medical Education: Joanne Chien, Nurse Practitioner specialising in urologic cancers at Stanford Health Care in Palo Alto, California, and Dr Alexander Wyatt, Assistant Professor in genitourinary cancer genomics at the Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences at the University of British Columbia, discuss ‘Genetic testing and PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer’ as part of the GU NURSES CONNECT podcast series covering ‘PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer’. In this podcast, the experts discuss the gene alterations in prostate cancer and why we should consider genetic testing when thinking about treatment options such as PARP inhibitors (PARPi’s). The discussion covers why genetic testing should be performed, who should undergo testing, how to test and what this means in relation to treatment with PARP inhibitors. Dr. Alex Wyatt explains the difference between germline and somatic mutations and Joanne Chien discusses the role of the nurse during genetic counselling discussions and how this role may evolve in the future. Finally, the ongoing trials of PARP inhibitors in combination with other prostate cancer treatments are also considered and whether the outcome of these trials is likely to impact the need to perform genetic testing.

In this medical education podcast, NTRK CONNECT members Assoc. Prof. Caterina Marchiò (University of Turin, Italy) and Prof. Christian Rolfo (Center of Thoracic Oncology Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA) provide pathologist and medical oncologist perspectives about the detection and treatment of TRK fusion-positive lung cancers. They discuss a number of techniques and strategies to identify this rare fusion in lung cancer patients, before going on to summarise the robust efficacy and safety data for both entrectinib and larotrectinib. Prof. Rolfo briefly covers second-generation therapies in clinical development and describes how liquid biopsy is emerging as a new technique not only to identify but also monitor patients. They conclude by stressing the importance of the collaboration and communication between pathologists and oncologists to test for and identify TRK fusion-positive lung cancer patients.

In this medical education podcast episode, Prof. Peter Galle and Prof. Amit Singal discuss the use of VEGFR-TKIs in the treatment of advanced or unresectable HCC and explain the immunomodulation rationale to combine it with immune checkpoint inhibitor. Combination approach has been validated recently with the atezolizumab+bevacizumab combination being the new standard of care in 1L setting for advanced HCC patients. In the context of advanced HCC, both experts share their view about the dosing approach with VEGFR-TKI and provide insight to handle the dosing when combining with PD-1 inhibitor. Both experts reiterate that biomarkers are urgently needed in HCC and summarize the current stratification of patients used to predict the response with VEGFR-TKI monotherapy or in immunotherapy combination. Finally, they emphasize that pre-habilitation of HCC patients is key to make the HCC patient fit for the best available treatment option.

Prof. Thomas Powles, a Medical Oncologist from Barts Cancer Centre in the UK and Prof. Georg Hutterer, a Urologist from the Medical University of Graz, Austria, discuss the role of VEGFR-TKIs in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) alone or in combination with immunotherapy. In this podcast, by COR2ED Medical Education, the two experts discuss key trials (CHECKMATE 214, KEYNOTE 426, CHECKMATE 9ER and CLEAR) which have led to recent updates to the ESMO and EAU treatment guidelines for RCC. Combination treatment with either VEGFR targeted therapy plus a PD-1 or CTLA-4 inhibitor in the first-line setting is discussed as well as VEGFR-TKI monotherapy options at the time of disease progression. They also focus on how to manage treatment toxicity whilst trying to optimise treatment outcomes and preserving patients’ quality of life as well as the use of biomarkers and risk stratification models.

In this medical education podcast series, myeloma experts Dr. Karthik Ramasamy (Haematologist and Associate Professor of Haematology at the Oxford University Hospitals in London, UK) and Dr. Joshua Richter (Assistant Professor of Medicine and Director of Myeloma at the Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine and the Blavatnik Family Chelsea Medical Center at Mount Sinai in New York, USA) discuss their experience and views on choosing the best treatment every time in multiple myeloma. In this second episode, Dr. Richter and Dr. Ramasamy explore how to select the best treatment approach in the second-line setting and beyond. Firstly, they discuss at what point they consider a patient to actually be in relapse. They both believe that it’s important to stay on top of this incurable illness and act when there is a suspicion of relapse. However, the need to treat must be balanced with quality of life. They also take potential enrolment into a clinical trial into account in the treatment decision. The decision on which treatment option to select in the second line and beyond mostly depends on refractoriness to other drugs. With an increasing number of novel treatment options becoming available, choosing a regimen that does not contain a drug the patient is refractory to is becoming easier. Dr. Richter and Dr. Ramasamy discuss the challenges around these treatment decisions. Furthermore, they share their experiences with CAR-T and other T cell redirection therapies, and when to use it in the treatment sequence. The speakers conclude with a look into the future of myeloma treatment.

The use of VEGFR-TKIs monotherapy in the treatment of unresectable or advanced HCC in 1L setting: Who can benefit and guidance on implementation of dosing-strategies and pre-habilitation of patients for the prediction of efficacy and toxicities in clinical practice Prof. Josep Llovet and Prof. Stephen L. Chan discuss a very interesting topic about the use of the VEGFR TKIs monotherapy in the treatment of unresectable or advanced HCC in the first-line setting. They will go into details about who can benefit from monotherapy and will share the current guidance on the implementation of the dosing strategies for the management of toxicity in the clinical practice. They discuss first line monotherapy with TKI (lenvatinib or sorafenib) for patients who are not suitable for the treatment with atezo-bev combination (around 20% of the patients) which is the current standard of care. They summarize the HCC patients who are not ideal for this I/O combination such as HCC patients with liver transplantation, high bleeding risk, impaired liver function or severe autoimmune disease. The experts discuss about which patients can benefit from TKI and provide a summary of efficacy data and safety profile from various pivotal clinical studies (including SHARP, REFLECT, IMbrave150) as well as real-world data. Dosing-strategies for VEGFR-TKIs and management of AEs are discussed as well as guideline recommendations. Finally, the experts discuss key developments over the next few years focusing on the new immunotherapy combinations approach that could become new standard of care.

In this medical education podcast series, myeloma experts Dr. Joshua Richter (Assistant Professor of Medicine and Director of Myeloma at the Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine and the Blavatnik Family Chelsea Medical Center at Mount Sinai in New York, USA) and Dr. Karthik Ramasamy (Haematologist and Associate Professor of Haematology at the Oxford University Hospitals in London, UK) discuss their experience and views on choosing the best treatment every time in multiple myeloma. In this first episode, Dr. Richter and Dr. Ramasamy discuss how to select the best approach in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. The experts look at transplant eligibility as one of the key factors in deciding which treatment to start with in the front-line setting. They discuss the potential for personalising therapy in newly diagnosed patients, both in the transplant setting as well as in patients who are not eligible for transplantation. They also comment on the impact of MRD negativity in clinical practice and agree that the goal of treatment is to induce deep remissions. However, which patient needs triple or quadruplet therapy to achieve this goal is still unclear and the risk-benefit profile needs to be considered for each individual patient. The final topic that the experts share their points of view on is continuous vs fixed-duration maintenance therapy.

We have partnered with international experts to provide rare bone disease highlights from ASBMR 2021. This is the final episode in a series of four podcasts, in this episode Dr Eekhoff and Dr Rush discuss their rare bone disease highlights from the meeting.

We have partnered with international experts to provide rare bone diseases highlights from ASBMR 2021.  This is the third episode in a series of four podcasts. In this episode Charlene Waldman (RBD Alliance) and Inês Alves (European Rare Bone Forum) discuss their highlights.

We have partnered with international experts to provide rare bone diseases highlights from ASBMR 2021. This is the second in a series of four podcasts. In this episode Dr Oliver Semler has selected and discusses his highlights.

We have partnered with international experts to provide rare bone disease highlights from ASBMR 2021. This is the first episode in a series of four podcasts, in this episode Dr Mughal and Dr Javaid discuss their highlights.

Professor Matthias Pinter, medical hepatologist from the medical University of Vienna in Austria shares some insights from key abstracts and topics discussed at ILCA 2021 and ESMO 2021 in hepatocellular carcinoma. One main topic included discussions about treatment options in first-line systemic therapy and managing patients who still may need to receive a TKI in first-line instead. Another topic covered is how to proceed with immunotherapy in HCC, in particular the rationale for triplet immunotherapy combination. There were two studies data presented on atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, the new reference standard of care in systemic front-line HCC treatment. Another interesting topic was the combination of TACE with immune checkpoint blockade in intermediate stage HCC. Regarding monotherapy TKI in first-line setting, Prof Pinter points out that around 15 to 20% of HCC patients are not ideal candidates for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and these are mainly patients with HCC recurrence of the liver transplantations, patients with severe autoimmune disease, or those with a high bleeding risk. He discusses several real-world evidence studies including lenvatinib, sorafenib and regorafenib in special populations that are usually excluded from clinical trials.  Prof Pinter also discusses data presented covering predictive and prognostic biomarkers such as cachexia, the growing role of AI, multibipolar radiofrequency ablation and the potential role of underlying etiology as a predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy.

In this podcast, NTRK CONNECT members Prof Frédérique Penault-Llorca (University of Clermont-Ferrand, France) and Prof Andrea Sartore-Bianchi (Niguarda Cancer Centre, Milan, Italy) provide both a pathologist and medical oncologist perspective about the detection and treatment of TRK fusion-positive GI cancers, with a particular focus on colorectal cancer. Penault-Llorca and Sartore-Bianchi start by explaining TRK fusion biology, the role as oncogenic drivers and briefly describe the two approved TRK inhibitors. They then discuss the challenges of finding patients harboring these fusions, referring to how enrichment strategies and predictors can aid identification in patients with GI cancers. Finally, they discuss key efficacy and safety data for larotrectinib and entrectinib, as well as mentioning second-generation products in development to tackle mechanisms of resistance.

In this podcast, Veerle Lamotte, an oncology nurse practitioner at Antwerp University Hospital and Paola Belardi, nurse chief at San Donato Hospital in Arezzo, Italy discuss the role of the nurse in the management of adverse events in patients receiving VEGFR-TKI treatment. Their discussion focuses specifically on patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC), differentiated thyroid cancer and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). VEGFR-TKIs are widely used treatments for these solid tumours but are associated with substantial toxicity which needs early recognition and management in order to help patients stay on optimal treatment. The most common adverse events related to these treatments are discussed together with recommendations for their management. Veerle and Paola discuss the key role of the nurse as part of the multi-disciplinary team involved in the patient’s care, and the role they have in providing close support and guidance to the patient. Education of patients regarding potential side effects and early identification and management of adverse events is key in terms of trying to keep patients on the optimum dose so that they can achieve the best outcomes.

Dr. Jaume Capdevila, a Medical Oncologist at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, and Dr. Rachel van Leeuwaarde, an Endocrinologist from the University Medical Center of Utrecht in The Netherlands discuss the use of multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs), in particular VEGFR-TKIs in patients with radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In this podcast, the two experts discuss key trials (SELECT, DECISION and COSMIC-311) and efficacy parameters of the current VEGFR-TKIs (lenvatinib, sorafenib and cabozantinib), how to manage toxicity whilst trying to optimise treatment outcomes and preserving always patients’ quality of life. They also discuss treatment strategies, when to start systemic treatment, which drug should be used first and how to sequence therapies. To close the podcast they take a look at ongoing clinical trials with other treatments in development for DTC.