Addressing Gettysburg

Britt Isenberg joins us for the first time on AG to talk about the 21st Pa Cavalry. You might know that George Washington Sandoe was the first Union soldier to be killed in the BOG, but did you know all of the other things we talk about in this episode? Maybe a good deal. Probably some. Regardless, you should listen. You'll like Britt and you'll find the information compelling...or else!

Enjoy

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Dr. Ashley Whitehead Luskey joins Beth and Ronnie to discuss the First Lady of the Confederacy, Varina Davis; her life and love with ol' Jeff Davis and their sad post-war existence. 

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The citizens of Gettysburg didn't only sacrifice during and after the battle. Like Americans all across the county, the Civil War affected them in many way. Ken Rich joins us on Patreon to talk about the cost Gettysburgians paid from 1861-1865

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Since 1915, Gettysburg has featured an elite force of historians known as Licensed Battlefield Guides. In recognition of the guide exam being given on December 7, 2024, Jasan Hileman came by to share the history of the guides. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants   Enjoying our coffee LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave  Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38  Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop  Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books  Joining our book club: Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email AGFilmClub1863@gmail.com to get in! Support our scheduler Dave's store TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com  For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com  Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com     Music possibly by:  "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com  Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org  California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com  The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Author Ron Kirkwood comes in to talk about the sequel to his book "Too Much For Human Endurance" entitled "Tell Mother Not To Worry". In this interview, we fly by the seat of our pants because I messed up not realizing I had received a digital copy of the book while waiting for a hard copy. Silly Matt. But Ron is easy to talk to and it came out pretty good, much to our surprise.

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Ralph Siegel. 6 Questions Lentz. Joe from Peach Orchard Publishing. How could it get any better? How about questions from listeners via email and phone calls? Also, the subject matter: Carl Shurz, an interesting fellow. 

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Historian Carolyn Ivanoff sits down with Bethany and Veronica to talk about the one and only Clara Barton. Clarissa Barton was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very formalized and she did not attend nursing school, she provided self-taught nursing care.

This episode is over a year old! Our Patreons have been listening to it that long. Beyond that, their feedback has helped the show develop, as you'll see as these episodes continue to come out. Folks, seriously, we feel so bad for you for being late to the party. Help yourself to help yourself. Join us www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

The Order of Battle of the Army of Northern Virginia at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3, 1863, as found in Edwin Coddington's "The Gettysburg Campaign: A Study in Command."

John Miller from the Shippensburg Historical Society sat down with me two years ago in the old shed-studio to talk about Shippensburg during the Gettysburg Campaign.

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The Gettysburg Cyclorama is something to behold. It's an engineering marvel, an art marvel and has its own fascinating story from creation to where it now resides at the GNMP Museum and Visitor Center. LBG Chris Brenneman joins us for the first time to talk about it.

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James Hessler joins us again to talk about Humprehys' Division of Dan Sickles' III Corps. This episode must be good because Jim has been asking me when it will be released since we recorded it in February. So, enjoy this episode with the Hessler Seal of Approval.

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If you are studying for the guide exam or just want to know the battle inside and out, then I have something to help you. This is actually a recording I've been dreading editing (lots of tongue-ties and stumbles to cut out) since 2019 when I recorded it. It can be found in Coddington's book. I hope it helps. These will help you too https://www.lulu.com/search?contributor=Stephen+Lunsford&page=1&pageSize=10&adult_audience_rating=00

Plus joining this https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

ANV Order of Battle Coming soon

Our friend David Martin is back and, this time, talking about my home state of New Jersey at Gettysburg. Basically, we sat around and ate gabagool while hurling insults at people who were busy fighting the battle.

That's a joke. I just wanted to say "gabagool." New Jersey was just quite active here and involved in many of the major actions of the battle.

David also has a guide book "New Jersey at Gettysburg" available here 

LBGs Ralph Siegel and Jessie Wheedleton care. They care about ye who want to become guides here at Gettysburg. Therefore, they're on the show to clue you in to the realities of guiding. Are you going to be that "Rock Star Guide" you fantasized about night after night? Or are you most likely going to give tours to sweaty, bored families, dreaming about their reservation at the Chinese Buffet? Actually, the buffet is good, so I wouldn't blame them. But, the latter is the answer. But they answer many other questions besides that one. So, sit back, open your mind and hit play. If you're driving, sit up straight, 10 and 2, and press play. 

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THIS EPISODE DROPS LIVE ON PATREON at 7:30 AM EST TODAY! Join and listen with fellow Gettysnerds

You know how we like to do a series of shows on one topic. Right? Right. Well, this episode is the first on the subject of Reconstruction. I know, I know. You're saying "Reconstruction? How boring." Or maybe, "Reconstruction? Whatever, dude." And some of you are probably saying things I haven't anticipated and probably don't want to hear anyway.

Rich Condon joins us to talk about Reconstruction during the war. That's right. It started during the war, not after. See? Interesting already. Seriously, to understand our country today, we must include the Reconstruction Era and not just the war. A lot of the nonsense we were raised to believe about the war came about in this period. thus, we embark on our journey into how to rebuild a country that you just destroyed. Enjoy!

The Guide Exam is coming and you're nervous. We can feel it. That's why we've been working for 5 years on our Patreon channel to build a library of episodes for you to devour about so many aspects and angles of the Battle of Gettysburg, its actions, participants and the Civil War Era as a whole. There are literally hundreds of episodes waiting for you there. These episodes feature guests from all walks in the history field. Even actors from the movie (you don't think you'll be asked about the movie on a tour?). We even go so far as to interview modern-day combat vets about their experiences so that you might understand what the Civil War soldiers might have gone through. You're really missing out if you're not a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant on Patreon. You can even try a FREE 7-day trial so that you can see why 9 out o 11 chiropractors agree that being a Patron of Addressing Gettysburg is the best way to truly understand the Battle of Gettysburg. See you there!

We are very proud to present the first episode of our first "spin-off" podcast, "That's What She Said", hosted by Bethany Yingling and Veronica "Ronnie Ronstadt" Brestenksy, women. In their inaugural episode, Beth and Ronnie are joined by Licensed Town Guide Rosanne Zajko to talk about one tough lady: Elizabeth Thorn, who dug almost 100 graves while 6 months pregnant.

This episode is brought to you by our Patrons. Did you know they heard this episode a full year ago? Membership has it's privileges. www.patreon.com/adressinggettysburg

LBG Charlie Fennell is back to talk about who he thinks the heroes of Culp's Hill are, well, just SOME of them. If you're studying for the guide exam, you will want to make sure you listen to this episode. You'll also want to make sure you join us on Patreon for hundreds of epsiodes about, not only, the Battle of Gettysburg, but the Civil War as a whole, which you also need to know. Plus, you'll be supporting our show which you might find yourself on after you're licensed! Win-win-win. Goo to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

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Susan Wall is a living historian who can often be found doing her thing at the George Spangler Farm. If you haven't gone out there yet, make sure you do as soon as you get the chance. The farm was carefully and truthfully restored to its 1863 appearance through diligent research by the Gettysburg Foundation and is well worth your time. In this episode, Susan tells us what the USSC did to assist the troops while here in Gettysburg.

Oh boy! There are hundreds of episodes on our Patreon page and they feature historians from all over the Civil War field, Licensed Battlefield Guides and more! If you're thinking you can go without these episodes before taking the guide exam, you might kick yourself come January. That's why 6 out 10 botonists agree that being a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant on Patreon is a game changer for anyone who wants to really understand the battle and the war. So join us at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg.com

Stephen Evangelista is back with another book. This time, it's about the history of the fabled "Gettysburg Gun", one of the artillery pieces which was disabled during the fighting near the Angle on July 3, 1863. Get your copies of “Forever Silenced” and “Our Story” here www.evangelistabooks.com

Studying for the guide exam? Of course, we all are. Find out why 9 out 10 dentists agree that commissioning yourself a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant in our Officers' Club will help you improve your knowledge of the Battle of Gettysburg and the Civil War. Join the Addressing Gettysburg OFFICERS’ CLUB at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Tom Huntington is back on the show to talk about his book Searching For George Gordon Meade. Naturally, we meander off-topic for a bit, but it's all relevant stuff. Don't forget to check out Tom's blog too! Here's the books' description:

"While researching Searching for George Gordon Meade: The Forgotten Victor of Gettysburg, author Tom Huntington visited a severed leg, a buried arm, and a horse's head. He also hiked across Civil War battlefields, recited the names of fallen soldiers at a candlelit ceremony at Gettysburg, and drank a champagne toast in a Philadelphia cemetery on New Year's Eve. It was all part of his quest to learn more about the man who commanded the victorious Union army at the Civil War's Battle of Gettysburg, yet has been unfairly overlooked by history in the years since. Although in command of the Army of the Potomac for a mere three days before the battle, Major General George Gordon Meade managed to defeat Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia during three days of vicious fighting. The cantankerous general remained in command of the army for the rest of the war even as he watched his reputation decline. "I suppose after awhile it will be discovered I was not at Gettysburg at all," he griped in a letter to his wife. Searching for George Gordon Meade is not your typical Civil War biography. While Huntington does tell the story of Meade's life, he also provides first-person accounts of his visits to the battlefields where Meade fought and museums that cover the Civil War. He includes his conversations with experts, enthusiasts, curators, park rangers and even a Meade impersonator to get their insights. The result is a compelling mash-up of history, biography, travel and journalism that touches both past and present."

Studying for the guide exam and you're not yet a Patron? Hoofah! With hundreds of episodes covering everything from the poltical, cultural and military aspects of the 1860s, as well as shows with your potential future colleagues about the Battle of Gettysburg to learn from, you'll be doing yourself a favor when you join and binge all 300+ episodes from now until December. Join here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and find out why even currently licensed guides are Patrons. 1st and 2nd Lieutenants get every episode released in a month

Season 12 begins with LBG Tracy Baer coming on to talk about Major General Samuel Wylie Crawford the man, the soldier and a Gettysburg hero. 

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 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Marc Charisse is the former editor of the Hanover Evening Sun and, now, he hosts showings of the historic Gettysburg Electric Map. We discuss its history from creation to destruction by the park service to recovery and rehabilitation by private citizens with a love and respect for our history and the artifacts associated with it. Marc is also a magician and he showed me some tricks that only made me feel stupid once I learned how they work.

You can visit the map to this day. Marc gives the info in the show.

This is the audio from a YouTube video. If you want to see it, here's the link https://youtu.be/EW88gyBzhEU

Since we are on hiatus from our live shows in the month of July, I put together this compilation as a tribute to one of my favorite guests and friend, Pete Carmichael, who passed away on July 21. These are his appearances on our show AG TODAY in part or in their entirety. If you'd like to watch the episodes in their entirety, they are listed below.

EDITOR'S NOTE: These videos were downloaded from YouTube so you might find differences in audio quality and picture quality between clips.

ORIGINAL AIR DATE June 12 2023 on our Patreon page released now for FREE in memory of Peter Carmichael.

Here's one for those of you out there hungering for more Southern stuff. Our buddy Dr. Peter Carmichael came to the studio to talk about Confederate reactions to the Battle of Gettysburg. 

Peter S. Carmichael received his Ph.D. in History from Penn State University in 1996. His academic interests include 19th-century US history, Civil War and Reconstruction, southern history, public history and cultural history. Carmichael’s most recent book, The War for the Common Soldier, was published by University of North Carolina Press in November 2018 as part of the Littlefield History of the Civil War Era series. The culmination of nearly ten years' work, this cultural history of soldiering in Civil War armies explores how soldiers endured the brutal and unpredictable existence of army life during the war years, drawing heavily on close examination of the letters and records left behind by individual soldiers from both the North and the South.His previous books include The Last Generation: Young Virginians in Peace, War, and Reunion (UNC, 2005) and Lee's Young Artillerist: William R. J. Pegram (Virginia, 1995). In addition to his books, he has also published a number of articles for both scholarly and popular journals, and he speaks frequently to general and scholarly audiences. Carmichael has recently appeared on the PBS Robert E. Lee documentary for the American Experience series and on the popular TV show “Who Do You Think You Are.” View Professor Carmichael's talks on C-SPAN.After completing his doctorate at Penn State University under Dr. Gary W. Gallagher, Professor Carmichael went on to teach at Western Carolina University, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and West Virginia University, before coming to Gettysburg College.In addition to holding seasonal interpretive positions at several National Park Service sites, Carmichael served as Gettysburg National Military Park’s first Scholar-in-Residence in 1999, and has developed a lasting relationship with the NPS. In addition to overseeing multiple interpretive workshops for National Park Service staff, he directed a 2010 seminar at Gettysburg NMP to discuss new interpretive approaches to the Civil War sesquicentennial and co-directed (with Jill Ogline Titus) the joint GC/GNMP conference, The Future of Civil War History: Looking Beyond the 150th in 2013.

In memory of our great friend, Dr. Peter Carmichael, here is a re-release of the first time he came on our show. The introduction mentions Christmas because it was first release for free on December 26, 2020 during our Christmas Patreon promotion season. This conversation is the first time I met him and spoke with him and, from there, a friendship bloomed. If you haven't yet read his book The War for the Common Soldier do yourself a favor and pick one up www.forthehistorian.com

Dr. Jennifer Murray is an Associate Professor at Oklahoma State University, History, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 2021 - present. She is also a personal friend of mine. When we get together socially, we rarely talk about our lives in a format like we do on this show, so, this was an opportunity for me to get to know a friend better and to introduce her to you as a person, not just an historian behind a book or at a podium. Enjoy.

Dr. Jennifer M. Murray is American military historian, with a research and teaching specialization in the U.S. Civil War. She is a native of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and moved to Oklahoma in 2018. Research Interests: Her first book, On A Great Battlefield: The Making, Management, and Memory of Gettysburg National Military Park, 1933-2013 was published by the University of Tennessee Press in 2014. While Gettysburg is the most studied battle of the Civil War, On A Great Battlefield offers a pioneering interpretation that moves the discussion beyond the July 1863 battle to an exploration of the history of the battlefield landscape. Her research considers the nexus of preservation, interpretation, and memory at Gettysburg National Military Park from 1933, when the National Park Service acquired the battlefield, through the battle's sesquicentennial in 2013. A second edition of this book, with a new preface, was published in June 2023. Dr. Murray's current book project, tentatively titled, "Meade at War: The Military Life of George Gordon Meade" is a biography of Union general George Gordon Meade. Her research on Meade affords an opportunity to explore issues of high command within a fractured and politicized Army of the Potomac and addresses questions on the nature of civil-military relations, popular opinion, the media, and notions of a decisive battle.

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Peter Vermilyea is on to talk about his book Litchfield County and the Civil War . This is an interesting topic and the deepest of dives to take, but it's not without its mysteries and scandals.

Become a Patron to support the on-going efforts of AG and hear the rest of this episode. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

GNMP Communications Specialist Jason Martz joins us for the first time to update us on Little Round Top's reopening, mostly, but we dip our toes into the complicated and confusing issue that has recently curbed many people's enjoyment of the Park: PERMITS! We briefly get into the how, why and what of them so that you and I can understand just what's going on. 

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As Dawn approached on July 3, Robert E. Lee considered his options. The attacks of the day before had achieved limited success, with the capture of ground, the wrecking of the Federal Third Corps and the bloodying of two others. Yet, the Confederates had not accomplished their objective of driving the Union soldiers off of Cemetery Hill. It had been touch-and-go many times, but every breakthrough had been met with Union reinforcements. But, in war, even limited success could be considered something to build on to achieve victory.

According to his after-battle report, Lee wrote that the plan had remained unchanged from the day before. Reinforcing their gains on Culp's Hill from the night before and renewing the attack on the Union Right would be Richard Ewell's Corps.

During the growing darkness of the night before, the Confederates had captured some vacant Union fortifications. A renewal of the attacks on the Union position could threaten the Army of the Potomac and their avenue of resupply along the Baltimore Pike. At the same time, reinforced with a fresh division of Virginians under George Pickett, James Longstreet was to renew his attack from the day before on the southern end of the battlefield on the Union Left. While such a plan was indicated in his report after the battle, Longstreet would contend that he did not receive orders to that effect the night before when he had visited with Lee. It was a confusion of orders that would ultimately lead to inaction on the southern end of the battlefield on the morning of July 3.

The same could not be said about what occurred on the Union Right.

The Union forces would initiate an attack for the first time since the battle began. Union 12th Corps soldiers returning from being sent to reinforce the southern end of the battlefield would find in the darkness of the morning that the fortifications they had built were now occupied by some squatters with unfriendly dispositions.

When informed of this, Union 12th Corps commander Henry Slocum declared that the men of the 12th Corps would drive them out in the morning. At around 4 in the morning, the Union artillery opened fire. A Union artillerist would later write, "We poured shot and shell into them." These missiles of death and destruction would splinter trees and send branches careening to the earth and on top of Rebel soldiers.

This morning, the fighting on Culp's Hill foreshadowed what the war would become. It was not the pageantry of bayonets gleaming in the sunlight, banners fluttering in the air, or officers leading their men with their hats on the tips of their swords across open fields. Instead, wave upon wave of Rebel soldiers, including the vaunted Stonewall Brigade, would throw themselves into the hellfire sent their way by the enemy in relative safety behind breastworks or in trenches.

Some Union soldiers reported that they fired as many as 200 rounds.

Still, the Confederates came on as reinforcements arrived. Every attack was futile and found limited or no success.

But the futile attacks were not restricted to the Confederates that morning.

The 2nd Massachusetts and the 27th Indiana were ordered to charge across Spangler's Meadow toward Confederates behind a stone wall. Lt. Colonel Mudge, upon receiving the order, stated, "It is murder, but it is the order." Then, to his men, he yelled, "Up, men, over the works! Forward, double quick !" Both regiments would attack and were bloodily repulsed. Mudge, who had been a sparring partner of Robert E. Lee's son at Harvard before the war, would be killed in the attempt.

By late morning, the last Confederate attacks from Maryland and Virginia units were repulsed, and the fighting died down. No ground was gained, and the Union forces still held the critical high ground covering the Baltimore Pike.

There had been no attack on the southern end of the battlefield. Still, Lee had one final option: the division under George Pickett.

Lee, now, turned his attention to the Union Center. Lee had often asked his men to do the unthinkable before the Battle of Gettysburg. Almost every time, they had delivered him victory. So long as there was a chance for victory with these men, Lee would take it.

The plan was a simple one. It called for the massing of just under 150 cannons to bombard the Union Center, softening its defenses to provide an infantry assault with a better chance of success. Collecting this many cannons to bombard a position during a land battle had not been attempted before during the war and, on paper, was enough to accomplish the task. Once the position was adequately softened, the Confederate infantry was to step off and cross the field. George Pickett and his division would be reinforced by the division under James J. Pettigrew and by two brigades under Isaac Trimble. The brigades of Cadmus Wilcox and David Lang were added late in the planning. In all, 12,500 men. The evening before, Wright's Brigade of Georgians had managed to pierce the Union Center along the same ground as this proposed attack. With adequate preparation, three divisions would have a better chance of success.

The Confederates got into position. Some even inched forward to get a peek at the situation. More than a few compared it to the battle of Malvern Hill. Veteran soldiers knew what was in store for them.

The Union soldiers were not wholly unaware of what was going on. Some of the regiments in the center had collected muskets from the night before, providing men with multiple muskets near them, loaded and ready to fire. After the Council of War had disbanded the night before, Meade would turn to John Gibbon, the Union commander in this area, and say to Gibbon that the fighting would be along his front. Gibbon would soon find out how correct Meade was.

According to Lt. Colonel E.P. Alexander, around 1:00 in the afternoon, the Confederate artillery opened fire.

A Union colonel on the receiving end of the barrage would write in his diary that day that "The air was filled with shot and shell and the earth groaned and trembled under the terrible concussions."

The Union artillery would open fire in response.

It was such a cacophony of noise with such cataclysmic suddenness that soldiers miles away would stop what they were doing to glance in the direction of the sudden eruption.

If the Confederate infantry were to have any chance in their assault, Confederate artillery would have to silence the Union artillery in preparation. As minutes turned into an hour, the smoke from the deadly exchange would fill the area.

Understanding what this artillery barrage meant, Union artillery commander Henry Hunt ordered his batteries to stop their fire to conserve ammunition. Winfield Scott Hancock, the man who had been crucial to the Union effort so far in the battle, disagreed with this decision, arguing that having the Union artillery fire back would give a morale boost to his men. Hunt was not moved. As a result, only Hancock's cannons of the Second Corps Artillery Brigade continued to fire.

On the Confederate side, interactions between infantry commanders and artillery commanders would also dictate the course of events. James Longstreet, in charge of the assault, had charged Confederate artillery commander E.P. Alexander with sending the order for the infantry to commence the assault when Alexander determined that the Confederate artillery had made enough of an impact. It was a strange situation as, typically, an assault order did not come from an artillery commander. When Hunt ordered his guns to be silent on the Union side, the fire slackened; when Alexander could see through the smoke, he saw that a Union battery was being withdrawn. It was at this time that Alexander sent the message to commence the attack. With the area filled with smoke, the only way to determine whether the fire from the Confederate side had any effect would be in the return fire from the Union side. With a reduction in the return fire, and based on what he saw and could hear, Alexander advised that if the Confederate infantry assault were to occur, it had to happen then. James Longstreet could only nod his consent.

The Confederate artillery slackened its fire.

Union artillerists manning cannons on Cemetery Hill in the Evergreen Cemetery among damaged headstones would start exclaiming, "Here comes the infantry!' as they serviced their pieces.

The Confederate infantry now rose to their feet, with many sinking right back down to the ground or not rising at all, having laid in the hot July sun all afternoon under artillery bombardment. As if on parade, the remaining mass of men and metal lurched forward to cross what would become the most famous mile in American History.

A gentle wind typical of Pennsylvania summers blew in and lifted the smoke like a curtain was being raised. The Union defenders could now see a nearly mile-wide, almost irresistible, wave of men in butternut and gray, their red flags fluttering in the breeze advanced toward them.

Then, the Union artillery opened fire.

Cannons from Little Round Top to Cemetery Hill found the range, tearing gaping voids in the Confederate lines.

With every step, new gaps formed and would be closed by the Confederate foot soldiers as orders were given to close up by their file closers. The intense artillery fire and a flanking maneuver by an Ohio regiment caused Brockenbrough's brigade of Virginians to break and run back to the safety of their lines. Despite that setback, the Confederates pushed on. With every yard, casualties mounted, causing the lines to condense and start funneling towards an angle in the stone wall along the Union lines. The major obstacle to the advance was the Emmitsburg Road, which ran across the Rebel's path. In some places, a post and rail fence prevented a smooth advance, hindering the cohesion of the attack. Even so, thousands of men still found their way across the road but found themselves under short-range artillery fire and musket fire. One Union artillery battery commander ordered his battery to fire double canister at 10 yards as the Confederate infantry neared the stone wall. 

Brigadier General Lewis Armistead, at the head of his brigade, started to lead who was left of the Confederate attack over the wall. They made it a short way into the lines before Armistead was mortally wounded. Union soldiers rushed to the breakthrough to close up the gap. 

12,500 men started the attack; by the time the advance reached the ridge, maybe a couple thousand had made it to the wall; some estimated that perhaps only a few hundred men had crossed the wall. This handful that made it over were either killed, wounded, or captured. Armistead would be taken to a Union field hospital at the George Spangler Farm, where he would pass away from his wounds.

Union Second Corps Commander Winfield Scott Hancock would also be wounded. As he was starting to organize the advance of a brigade of men from Vermont, a bullet ripped through the pummel in his saddle and lodged itself in his groin. It was a wound, even with the bullet being taken out, that would plague him for the rest of his life.

With the plugging of the breakthrough at the Angle and the repulse of the assault, the last card that Robert E. Lee had to play was spent. It had been a calamity for his army. Casualty figures are difficult to estimate with absolute accuracy. Pettigrew's and Trimble's men had seen action on July 1, and battle casualties that are tallied factor in both days for those commands. Moreover, Robert E. Lee had a habit of underreporting his casualties. Even so, from what we do know, it was devastating. Pickett's Division of Virginians suffered over 2,600 casualties in the assault, just about half of that command at Gettysburg. In the field between the Stone Wall and the Emmittsburg Road, 522 dead Confederates were buried in a mass grave. 

The casualties among the officer corps were also appalling. Three Brigade commanders, Armistead, Garnett, and Marshall, would be killed or mortally wounded; generals James Kemper and Isaac Trimble would be wounded and captured. Pettigrew's Brigade, which had started the battle under the command of Pettigrew, would end the charge on July 3 under the command of Major John Jones, who had been the third in command of his regiment when the battle started. 

The Union defenders did not have a bloodless experience either. Historians James Hessler and Wayne Motts estimate that between the divisions of Hays and Gibbon, the Union defenders suffered just over 1,900 casualties repelling the assault. The Second Corps Artillery Brigade was all but wrecked, with two battery commanders, Alonzo Cushing and George Woodruff, losing their lives in defense of the position. General Hancock was severely wounded but survived.

The great Confederate charge was a failure, something the Southern boys were unaccustomed to. But for the Union defenders, it was a victory that felt like a victory. Not a triumph declared to the men by a flowery circular from headquarters, but as witnessed by the wreckage of the enemy force, lying lifeless in the fields before them, writhing in pain with ghastly wounds or missing limbs or streaming to their rear, hundreds of Johnny-Reb prisoners. There was no ambiguity in the outcome of the Pickett's Charge.

The charge was not the only fighting that occurred that afternoon.

There was fighting elsewhere on the field that day; the skirmishing that was going on in the southern portions of the town continued to simmer, a sharp cavalry fight to the east near the Low Dutch Road and Hanover Road intersection, where a young Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer blunted a Confederate cavalry charge exhorting his men with "Come on you Wolverines!' and a hopeless Union cavalry charge on the southern end of the field meant to capitalize on the failure of the Confederate infantry assault, only resulted in more death including that of Brigadier General Elon Farnsworth who led the charge. Even the Pennsylvania Reserves would drive out Georgia forces from the Devil's Den area during the evening hours. Despite all these actions, Meade, the commander of the Union forces, ordered no great counterattack.

Following the failure, all Lee could do was gather the pieces of his bloodied army and prepare for a counterattack that never happened. He made preparations to coalesce his army to prepare for a retreat.

Both armies were tired. Both armies were bloody, and then it started to rain.

The great hell-on-Earth that was the Battle of Gettysburg ended in a torrential downpour as the heavens opened up on the night of July 3, cleansing the earth of the gallons of blood spilled in order to save a nation.  

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During the early morning hours of July 2, an already sleep-deprived Union Army of the Potomac commander, George Gordon Meade, arrived at Gettysburg to find fresh Federal soldiers reinforcing the battered elements of the army from the previous day's battle. After conferring with his subordinates, Meade rode out to look at the ground. He decided to stay and fight. 

The Union position was a strong one.

Cemetery Hill dominated the surrounding landscape and offered the Union defenders a strong artillery position. Two key roads that led into Gettysburg from Maryland intersected just north of the hill. Those two roads were crucial avenues of resupply and, if necessary, retreat for the Union Army. The side controlling the hill controlled the field, but the position had one weakness. When he arrived the previous day to act in Meade's stead, Union Second Corps Commander Winfield Scott Hancock assessed the position and reported to Meade that it was strong, but the Confederates could turn its left flank.

This fact didn't escape Robert E. Lee's experienced eye, either. He astutely turned his attention to planning the action for July 2, devising a strategy that would test the mettle of the Union Army.

With Meade deciding to stay, Lee needed to determine the best way to knock the Federals off their strong position. A direct assault on Cemetery Hill could prove devastating for Lee's infantry as they would have to cross open farm fields to attack the hill. Subordinate commanders convinced Lee not to attack the Union Right near Culp's Hill. Just before dawn, Lee dispatched reconnaissance parties to determine the terrain on the Union left and the dispositions of the Army of the Potomac. One such party returned and reported no Union soldiers in the area of Little Round Top. After conferring with his commanders, Lee made his decision. James Longstreet, his trusted second-in-command, his "old warhorse," would take two divisions and, under concealment, get into position to attack the flank of the Union Line. Once Longstreet was in position. His orders directed him to attack north, along the Emmitsburg Road, and roll up the Union left. While Longstreet was executing this move [getting into position?], Ewell's Second Corps would demonstrate on the Union Right to prevent reinforcements from being sent to meet Longstreet. Ewell's demonstration would become an attack if Ewell thought it feasible.

[Chas Fennell on this part of the plan]

It was a bold plan. One that Confederate General James Longstreet did not care for, but, ever the consummate soldier, he followed orders.

Longstreet's Corps, consisting of three divisions under Generals McLaws, Pickett, and Hood, was initially delayed due to the absence of Pickett's division, which was still over 20 miles away. Despite Longstreet's request to wait for Pickett, Lee urged action but acquiesced to Longstreet's request to wait for one of the brigades from Hood's division before commencing the attack. It would be nearly One in the afternoon before Longstreet's march began.

While Lee dealt with the logistics of implementing his plans, Meade had his own difficulties with Daniel Sickles, a New York politician-turned-general and Meade's Third Corps Commander.

Meade had assigned defensive positions to all of his commands in what is now known as the Fish Hook line. The reason for Sickles' assigned position was either not made apparent to him or was certainly not to his liking. Throughout the morning, Sickles tried to get Meade's permission to redeploy his Corps to what he thought was a better position on higher ground along the Emmitsburg Road. Sickles believed that if the Confederates occupied that ground, they could use it as an artillery platform and make Sickles' position, and much of the rest of the Union line, vulnerable.

Every time Sickles tried, Meade brushed him off until he eventually reiterated his original order. Still nervous, Sickles ordered a reconnaissance into a stand of woods just west of the Emmitsburg Road. The reconnaissance discovered Rebels extending the Confederate lines along Seminary Ridge. This information convinced Sickles to take his entire Corps and occupy the ground he desired.

However, Sickles' decision to advance detached his Corps from the rest of the army, leaving his command exposed on neutral ground. This decision would prove to be a turning point, almost leading to the destruction of his Corps and having severe consequences for the Army of the Potomac.

But it also had the effect of confounding Lee's plans that day.

[Jim Hessler on Sickles' thinking]

It was nearly one in the afternoon when Longstreet's Corps began its march to the south. During the march, fears of having been discovered by a signal station on Little Round Top led him to order a countermarch to remain concealed.

[Jim Hessler on Countermarch]

This countermarch had eaten up precious time, and by the time Longstreet's men were in position, they discovered that the Union Army had changed its position since Lee conceived the plans. Instead of finding nothing on the Emmitsburg Road, Longstreet found the entire Third Corps blocking his attack path. This unexpected turn of events forced Longstreet to modify the plan and position of his troops on the spot. [read the following, but you probably won't need it] Longstreet determined to attack with the division of John Bell Hood first, finding and attacking the new Federal left flank. When that attack developed, McLaws' Division was to crash through whatever was in its front. Longstreet's Corps' objective was still Cemetery Hill, but Sickles' new position ensured Longstreet wouldn't get there without a fight.

Around 4 in the afternoon, the Confederates launched their attack, forever immortalizing places like the otherworldly place called Devil's Den and Little Round Top.

[Licensed Battlefield Guide Tracy Baer]

The pastoral landscape of Gettysburg was transformed into a battleground, with ranks of Butternut and Gray clashing among the rocks and hills. The ferocity of the fighting was such that the air was thick with the sounds of gunfire and the cries of the wounded, creating a scene of intense drama and tension.

Meade, realizing almost too late the danger the army was in, rushed reinforcements to the scene. Each new reinforcing command escalated the desperate fighting.

One Union officer in the Wheatfield remembered, "The men were firing as fast as they could load. The din was almost deafening."

By 6 in the evening, Hood's attack had stalled; Hood himself had been wounded early in the fighting. 

That was when Longstreet ordered McLaws forward. 

Barksdale's brigade of Mississippians crashed through the Union position at the Peach Orchard at the intersection of the Emmitsburg and Millerstown Roads, plunging the Union defense into a chaotic and intense struggle for survival, a scene that was both overwhelming and terrifying. 

[Licensed Battlefield Guide Ralph Siegel]

The Confederate attacks, cascading from South to North, shattered the Third Corps. Longstreet's Corps fought fiercely, pursuing the remnants of the Federal commands. AP Hill's Corps joined the attack over the Codori Farm, including one small brigade from Florida.

[LBG Paul Bailey]

Wright's brigade briefly broke through the Second Corps line near a copse of trees on Cemetery Ridge.  

In previous battles, a situation like this might have unnerved the Army of the Potomac, leading to a defeat. But this time, the soldiers stood their ground, their determination and courage preventing a potential disaster.

[Licensed Battlefield Guide Mike Rupert]

Timely reinforcements, brave counterattacks from the Pennsylvania Reserves, and men from Maine, Minnesota, New York, and Vermont would stem the Confederate tide as darkness fell across the battlefield. 

Longstreet would claim that it was the best three hours of fighting that his men had experienced during the war. They had captured some ground and, in the process, had badly mauled elements of three Union Corps. The Third Corps alone would suffer over 4,000 casualties-- some 40%--  including the wounding of their commander, Dan Sickles. 

The Federals could also rightly claim this was their "best three hours of fighting." They had fought desperately and had not yielded. The shank of the Fish Hook line had held.

Though daylight began to wane, the fighting had not, and one New York brigade was about to fight for its life. To bolster the Union left, George Meade had ordered the entire Twelfth Corps to abandon its position on Culp's Hill. But he was soon convinced to allow one brigade to remain. That brigade was that of 62-year-old Brigadier General George Sears Greene.

As darkness descended, Confederate Second Corps commander Richard Ewell decided to turn the demonstration into an attack.

[Chas Fennel on Greene's Brigade]

[RECORD ALL CULP'S HILL STUFF, BUT IT PROBABLY WON'T BE NEEDED IN THE EDIT]

Confederates would attack Culp's Hill and East Cemetery Hill, sometimes using the muzzle flashes to locate their target. 

On Culp's Hill, a Union brigade of New Yorkers under the command of 62-year-old George Sears Greene would be successful in repulsing or halting an entire Confederate division. Greene's little brigade was not enough to cover the whole of the position, and the Confederates did capture some fortifications, but timely reinforcements and the tenacity of Greene's men staved off disaster.

At East Cemetery Hill, Louisianans and North Carolinians would brave the incline of the hill and almost make it to the Baltimore Pike before the timely arrival of the Gibraltar Brigade from the 2nd Corps, featuring the 7th West Virginia which, as legend has it, had attached a star "borrowed" from the colors of another regiment to its flag to represent the recently inducted state, pushed back the vaunted Louisiana Tigers. Here again, on this side of the field, the Confederates had some success. However, the tenacity of the Union defenders and the oncoming darkness meant the Union position had bent but was far from broken.

[Jessie Wheedleton]

General Meade called a Council of War for that night. Corps commanders arrived at his headquarters even as they could hear the dying din of battle in the distant darkness.

Meade had received information from his Bureau of Military Information that, up to this point, they had engaged all of Lee's Army except for Pickett's Division. The Army of the Potomac had been bloodied that day, but fresh soldiers from the 6th Corps had arrived after a forced march of over 30 miles that day.

In a room of the Lydia Leister House, Meade asked the opinion of his subordinates on what they should do next. The Union commanders decided that they would stay and fight. 

General Lee did not call a similar Council of War. Instead, in his official report, he claimed the plan for the next day remained unchanged, and the attack would renew on the flanks of the Union Army.

July 2, 1863, was a costly day. In intense fighting, both armies combined would sustain over 21,000 casualties. As a point of comparison, The Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American military history, had 23,000 casualties. And still, some of the more dramatic scenes of the war were yet to come.

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On the first day of July, they arrived shrouded in a foreboding misty rain. The Confederate infantry division of Major General Henry Heth from A.P. Hill's Third Corps advanced towards Gettysburg under a veil of uncertainty. While crossing a bridge over Marsh Creek, the head of Heth's column was halted by the familiar "pop" of enemy small arms some 700 yards away. It was a shot from the carbine of the 8th Illinois Cavalry's Lieutenant Marcellus Jones. 

The ball had begun; The Battle of Gettysburg was underway. 

The gray soldiers, anticipating a militia, were surprised by Union cavalry. This surprise, however, did not deter them. Instead, it spurred them into a cautious advance, moving from column into skirmish lines in the fields north and south of the Chambersburg Pike. 

John Buford, the Union Cavalry commander, was tactically maneuvering to buy time—time that the Union left-wing commander, John Reynolds, needed to rush his infantry up to Gettysburg. Buford had gathered intelligence that Confederate soldiers were to the north and west of Gettysburg. Armed with this crucial information, Buford strategically positioned his men to cover every major road coming in from the west, north, and east of Gettysburg. The shots fired indicated that the first Confederates were approaching from the west, a testament to Buford's strategic foresight. Upon being fired upon, the Confederates, seemingly undeterred by the presence of Union Cavalry, began a slow and methodical advance. Like a grey bank of storm clouds, they pushed back Buford's men from Knoxlyn Ridge to  Herr's Ridge and, finally, to McPherson's Ridge, where Buford intended to hold until the infantry arrived. At Willoughby's Run, in the valley between Herr's and McPherson's Ridges, the veteran Confederate infantry briefly halted and organized themselves before pressing onward up the slope against Buford's brigades under Colonel Gamble and Devin. 

Just as the Confederates were gaining ground, the emergence of Union infantry, a complete shock to them, marked a significant turning point in the morning's battle. The unexpected arrival of the Union infantry changed the dynamics of the fight, and what started as a skirmish between cavalry and infantry was about to become a full-throated battle.    Brigadier General Joseph Davis's Brigade of Mississippi and North Carolina men rapidly approached Cutler's right-two regiments, the 76th N.Y. and 56th P.A., from the west. The 56th Pennsylvania opened fire first with the command, 'Ready, right oblique! Aim! Fire!' The 2nd Mississippi and 55th North Carolina returned fire. Some of these shots raked the 76th New York as they got into position to the Pennsylvania men's right. At first, the 76th's commander didn't realize that these shots were from the enemy as he could not see any. He urged his men to hold their fire. Then a second volley came in, and still they held their fire. Finally, the 2nd Mississippi came into sight, and Major Grover, the 76th's commander, ordered his men to fire. 

After about a half-an-hour of fighting, three of Cutler's regiments, the 56th P.A. and the 76th and 147th N.Y., withdrew to Oak Ridge, having lost half of their men. 

Davis's men pursued Cutler's shattered regiments to Oak Ridge. 

Cutler had left two regiments on the south side of the Chambersburg Pike at the McPherson Farm. They had skirmished with Archer's brigade as it approached from the west. Cutler's sister brigade, the Iron Brigade under Solomon Meredith, had arrived on the field and was pushing into McPherson's Woods, thereby freeing up Cutler's remaining two regiments, the 84th and 95th N.Y., to turn and face the threat posed by Davis's men. 

Acting Corps commander Major General Abner Doubleday ordered the only reserve he had, the 6th Wisconsin, to leave its reserve position and "Go like Hell" toward Davis. Rufus Dawes, the 6th's commander, put his men in line to the right of the 95th N.Y. Aiming into Davis's flank, the New York and Wisconsin men opened fire, stopping Davis's pursuit.

Then, suddenly, the Confederates appeared to vanish into the earth. They had taken refuge in an unfinished railroad cut that paralleled the Chambersburg Pike. 

What seemed a safe haven had proved to be a trap, and the Wisconsin and New York boys were ready to take advantage of it.     Meanwhile, acting left-wing commander Major General John F. Reynolds was personally feeding units of the Iron Brigade into McPherson's Woods, something a man in his position should not do. While doing this, a Confederate bullet struck him in the head. Within 30 minutes of being on the field, the man who was leading the Union effort that morning was dead.

 The Iron Brigade pushed into McPherson's Woods. After a series of bloody fights, Archer's Confederates were repulsed. Archer, himself, became a Union prisoner.    As Confederates reeled from their sudden repulse, a lull in the fighting followed as commanders decided what to do next, and reinforcements filtered in from directions north and south. 

That is when, in the early afternoon, Lieutenant General Richard S Ewell's Confederate Second Corps, coming in from the north, suddenly attacked. Seeing the vulnerability of the Union position and the increasing Union reinforcements, Ewell decided to attack without orders to do so. One of his divisions, under Robert Rodes, attacked the Union First Corps' position in an ill-coordinated series of assaults. This attack, too, was repulsed. Confederate Army Commander Robert E. Lee, lacking detailed information, was initially hesitant to attack. Lee reached the battlefield around noon and gathered what information he could. Finally, he decided to capitalize on the actions of his subordinates and arriving reinforcements. Lee issued the order to attack.

By now, the Union First Corps and Oliver Otis Howard's Eleventh Corps were up in full. Howard deployed his men on the plane north of Gettysburg, near Pennsylvania College. This was not the position Howard had initially wanted to hold, but the appearance of Rodes' division on Oak Hill left him little other choice.   The Union soldiers on the ridges west of town and on the plane north of town would soon find themselves overwhelmed by lines and lines of Butternut and Gray. Fierce firefights erupted, indicated by plumes of smoke and the rattle of musketry along the two-and-a-half-mile line. Union soldiers tried to hang on to their positions desperately. Despite their best efforts to hold back this Confederate tide, the Union's position crumbled as each Confederate attack landed like a sledgehammer blow. 

The disorganized remnants of Union regiments streamed through the streets of Gettysburg, finally stopping on a hill south of town crowned by a cemetery. There, they found Eleventh Corps Commander O.O. Howard and his reserve. The First and Eleventh Corps' shattered elements rallied on this formidable position. 

When Union army commander George Meade learned of General Reynolds's death, he dispatched Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, made commander of the Second Corps after the Battle of Chancellorsville, to ride to Gettysburg and act in his stead. Hancock traveled in an ambulance, studying maps of the area. After conferring with Howard and relaying Meade's orders, Hancock and Howard began organizing defenses. The tired and sweat-stained men rallied and built fortifications, bracing themselves for the attack they were sure would follow.

A wooded prominence to the right of Cemetery Hill caught Hancock's eye, compelling him to send the newly-arrived regiment from Cutler's Brigade, the 7th Indiana, to occupy it. This hill was Culp's Hill.

The Confederates were just as disorganized in victory as the Union soldiers had been in defeat. Daylight was fading fast, progress through the streets of Gettysburg was painfully slow for the Confederates, and rumors of Union reinforcements coming in from the east caused delays. Moreover, ambiguous discretionary orders left the decision to subordinate Confederate commanders to continue pressing the attack. Each commander assessed their situation and decided not to attack.

The first day bore witness to some of the bloodiest fighting of the American Civil War, with a combined total of 16,000 killed, wounded, and captured. It was a stunning tactical success for Robert E Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, leaving two Union corps driven from their positions and wrecked to a fraction of what they once were. Still, the price had been high for the Confederates. The 26th North Carolina of Pettigrew's Brigade entered the battle with over 800 men. By the end of the battle, they will have lost over five hundred, with most of them sustained in the fighting on July 1st. 

One question that plagued General Lee was, "Where is General Stuart?" JEB Stuart, acting on orders from Lee, had ridden around the Union Army, managing to cut himself off from communication with Lee. Lee did have cavalry at his disposal. His need, however, was not for cavalry units but for JEB Stuart's ability to analyze military intelligence. 

Seeing the Union forces streaming back to Cemetery Hill, Lee made a fateful decision.  Pointing in the direction of the Army of the Potomac, Lee turned to his "Old War Horse," James Longstreet, and said, "If He is there in the morning, I will attack Him."

The attitude behind these words would lead to the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War. 

Battle of Gettysburg 161st Anniversary Special- July 1, 1863

Featuring Licensed Battlefield Guides Larry Korcheck, Jim Pangburn, Charlie Fennell and Rob Abbott Summary written by Michael "Six Questions" Lentz Script written by Matt Callery Narration, direction and editing by Matt Callery Some Sound Effects Provided by QuantumEra Other Sound Effects synthesized, found in the public domain or recorded by Matt Callery or Ty DeWitt Music found on Epidemic Sound dot com Copyright 2024. Addressing Gettysburg LLC. All rights reserved. 

“Stand to It and Give Them Hell” chronicles the Gettysburg fighting from Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top on July 2, 1863, through the letters, memoirs, diaries, and postwar recollections of the men from both armies who struggled to control that “hallowed ground.” John Michael Priest, dubbed the “Ernie Pyle” of the Civil War soldier, wrote this book to help readers understand and experience, as closely as possible through the written word, the stress and terror of that fateful day in Pennsylvania. Readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the personal sacrifice made that awful day by privates and generals alike. This invaluable method uses their own words to paint a rich tapestry of their personal courage and cowardice, and their failures and triumphs. Nearly 60 detailed maps, mostly on the regimental level, illustrate the tremendous troop congestion in the Wheatfield, the Peach Orchard, and Devil’s Den. They accurately establish, by regiment or by company, the extent of the Federal skirmish line from Ziegler’s Grove to the Slyder farm and portray the final Confederate push against the Codori farm and the center of Cemetery Ridge, which three Confederate divisions in what is popularly known as Pickett’s Charge would unsuccessfully attack on the final day of fighting. This is a book about combat as seen through the eyes of those who waged it. There is no glamour here, and no adventure. Nor are there accusations, confessions, or second-guessing from the comfort of an easy chair. Instead, “Stand to It and Give Them Hell” offers the brutal, heart-wrenching story of a slice of America’s greatest battle as described by those who marched, fought, bled, and died there. This is their story, and it is one you will long remember.

Ryan Keating (California State University—San Bernardino) talks about the Irish in the Civil War

A panel from CWI's 2024 Summer Conference about atrocities in the Civil War. What defined an atrocity? What were the different types of atrocity? Historians Jaime Martinez, Cecily Zander, Ethan Rafuse, Angela Riotto and Aaron Sheehan-Dean explore this difficult topic. 

Sunday, June 9, 2024, 10:45 am. Frances Clarke (The University of Sydney), Rebecca Jo Plant (University of California, San Diego), Jim Broomall (Shepherd University). Moderator: Brian Luskey (West Virginia University) explore the question "Did Civil War Soldiers Hide the Real War?"

Thomas R. Flagel is associate professor of history at Columbia State Community College in Tennessee. The author of several books, Flagel has also worked with multiple historic preservation groups including the Civil War Trust and the National Park Service.

Union and Confederate veterans meet at Gettysburg on the 50th anniversary of the battle

This June 29-July 4 reunion drew over 55,000 official attendees plus thousands more who descended upon a town of 4,000 during the scorching summer of 1913, with the promise of little more than a cot and two blankets, military fare, and the presence of countless adversaries from a horrific war. Most were revisiting a time and place in their personal history that involved acute physical and emotional trauma.

Contrary to popular belief, veterans were not motivated to attend by a desire for reconciliation, nor did the Great Reunion produce a general sense of a reunified country. The reconciliation premise, advanced by several major speeches at the anniversary, lived in rhetoric more than fact. Recent scholarship effectively dismantles this "Reconciliation of 1913" mythos, finding instead that sectionalism and lingering hostilities largely prevailed among veterans and civilians.

Flagel examines how individual veterans viewed the reunion, what motivated them to attend, how they acted and reacted once they arrived, and whether these survivors found what they were personally seeking. While politicians and the press characterized the veterans as relics of a national crusade, Flagel focuses on four men who come to the reunion for different and very individual reasons.

Flagel's book adds significantly to Gettysburg literature and to Civil War historiography.

Cecily N. Zander is a historian of the Civil War era and the American West. At Texas Woman’s University, she offers courses on American history, military history, memory and popular culture. She received her PhD from Penn State in 2021.

Her first book, The Army Under Fire: Antimilitarism in the Civil War Era, will be published by Louisiana State University Press in February 2024. She also serves as chief historian at Emerging Civil War, a popular outlet for accessible writing about the Civil War era.

Join us on YouTube for an interview with Dr. Zander. Click here

It's CWI Summer Conference time again and we will release random talks from the weekend as we are able. Here is one done by Ronald C White on Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, in support of his new book "On Great Fields: The Life and Unlikely Heroism of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain." This talk was given on Friday, June 7, 2024 at 4:30 p.m.

If you're visiting Gettysburg soon, you might want to listen to this episode (and all our others) before taking any tour.

History podcasts, like this one, like to get deep into the weeds. While that might be good for the lifelong Gettysnerd™, most visitors to Gettysburg have never even seen the movie, let alone read a book about it, so they are coming at it cold. Where did I get that statistic? Totally made it up, but I made it up based on meeting thousands of visitors over the last 18-20 years. Anyway, I asked LBGs Bob Steenstra and Deb Novotny, both retired educators, to help me break down the battle of Gettysburg to what you need to understand before diving in. As much as we try to keep it at a 30,000-foot level, we do dive into the weeds once in a while. Maybe it will make sense to you newbies, maybe it won't, but it will someday. Enjoy your visit and and we hope we can soon count you among the ranks of Gettysnerds™ out there!

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Ranger Angie Atkinson joins me to clear up some of the misunderstandings about the licensed battlefield guide exam being given this December. In this episode we explore the process of being evaluated for a license to give tours in Gettysburg National Military Park. What can you expect for the written test? What comes next if you pass? What happens if you fail the oral exam? All these questions and more are answered. Just hit play

LBG Wayne Motts and historian Zackery Fry join me for an Ask A Guide about Hall's Brigade during the battle of Gettysburg. From the Monument: July 2. Took position on the line at the left of Second Brigade and of the copse of trees. The 19th Mass. and 42d New York were late in the day advanced to support Second Division Third Corps but retired on Second Division being forced back. The Brigade was attacked by Brig. Gen. Wright’s Brigade which overrun Battery A 1st Rhode Island then in advance but was repulsed with heavy loss and forced beyond the Emmitsburg Road. July 3. Remained in position. At 3 P. M. Longstreet’s assault was made after a cannonade of two hours. The Brigade and the Second Brigade received the charge of Major Gen. Pickett’s Division which was repulsed with great loss in killed wounded prisoners and flags. In this engagement the First Brigade and the other troops were rushed to support of the two Brigades engaged and contributed to the victory. The Brigade remained in its position until the close of the battle. Casualties Killed 6 Officers 75 Men Wounded 29 Officers 253 Men Captured or Missing 14 Men Total 377 

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Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

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In January of 1869, Frederick Douglass came to Gettysburg. He faced death threats, but he delivered his own "Gettysburg Address" nonetheless. We don't know exactly what he said, but historians are able to glean what he most likely said based on speeches he gave elsewhere during his speaking tour of that time.

LBG Kevin Bryant joins us once again to talk about Frederick Douglass at Gettysburg.

There are hundreds more episodes like this available in our Officers' Club at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Becoming a patron helps us produce more educational and entertaining shows that help to keep history alive. We appreciate your support in this endeavor. 

LBG Rick Schroeder is back with the companion episode to our "Famous Union Officers' Wounds" episode . In this one we talk about those famous Confederate wounds. For those of you interested in Civil War medicine, these episodes are MUST-LISTEN episodes.

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 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Everybody knows Michael "Six Questions" Lentz. But do we REALLY know him? Well, by the end of this episode, you will. Mike sat down with me in 2023 to do a SPOTLIGHT ON while we were still in the shed studio with no electricity. Ah the good old days! Anyway, we discussed myriad topics from his birth in Oregon, childhood in Colorado, his discovery of the Civil War, his first trip to Gettysburg; his career in politics, the state of our political system and how our community at AG could be the antidote the nation needs right now (ok, maybe I'm exaggerating there a bit...or am I?) and the time Mike wore a mascot's costume and was beaten by children.   All this and MORE in this SPOTLIGHT ON

ABNER DOUBLEDAY ON JULY 1, 1863 (MAY 25 – 10:00 A.M.)  

“General Reynolds was killed early this morning. In my opinion, there seems to be no directing person”.

When Brigadier General John Buford sent this message to Major General Alfred Pleasonton on the afternoon of July 1, 1863, did it plant the seed in Major General George Meade’s mind that a new commander was needed for the Union First Corps? Join us as we explore the leadership of Major General Abner Doubleday on July 1, 1863.

You know them. You love them. They're Darin and Mare, or "Dare", the Civil War podcasting power couple. They were in town many months ago and sat down for a SPOTLIGHT ON. Enjoy!

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Report of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, 2nd Division, 1st Corps, Army of the Potomac.

"Hdqrs. Second Division, First Army Corps, July 18, 1863.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this division in the engagements of the 1st, 2d, and 3d instant: On the morning of Wednesday, the 1st, the division marched from Emmitsburg, bringing up the rear of the column, and when about 3 miles from Gettysburg, hearing firing in front, it was pushed rapidly forward, and, arriving on the field, was placed, by order of the major-general commanding First Corps, in reserve, near the seminary. Almost immediately after taking this position, I received notice that the enemy was advancing a heavy column of infantry on the right of our line of battle, when I sent the Second Brigade, under Brigadier-General Baxter, to meet it. Orders being received at this time to hold the seminary, the First Brigade, under Brigadier-General Paul, was set at work to intrench the ridge on which it is situated. I then rode to the right of the line, to superintend the operations there. On my arrival, I found my Second Brigade so placed as to cover our right flank, but with too great an interval between it and the line of the First Division. I at once directed General Baxter to change front forward on his left battalion, and to close this interval, toward which the enemy was making his way. By the time this change was effected, the whole front of the brigade became hotly engaged, but succeeded in repulsing the attack. The enemy, however, soon after brought up fresh forces in increased masses, when, finding the position so seriously threatened, I sent for and brought up the First Brigade, and placed part of it in the position first occupied by Baxter's brigade, and the remaining battalions as a support to his second position. The enemy now made repeated attacks on the division, in all of which he was handsomely repulsed, with the loss of three flags and about 1,000 prisoners. In one of these attacks I was deprived of the services of the veteran commander of the First Brigade, Brigadier-General Paul, who fell, severely wounded, while gallantly directing and encouraging his command. The division held this position on the right--receiving and repelling the fierce attacks of a greatly superior force, not only in front, but on the flank, and, when the enemy's ranks were broken, charging upon him and capturing his colors and men--from about noon until nearly 5 p. m., when I received orders to withdraw. These orders not being received until all other troops (except Stewart's battery) had commenced moving to the rear, the division held its ground until outflanked right and left, and retired fighting. From the nature of the enemy's attacks, frequent changes were rendered necessary, and they were made promptly under a galling fire. No soldiers ever fought better, or inflicted severer blows upon the enemy. When out of ammunition, their boxes were replenished from those of their killed and wounded comrades. The instances of distinguished gallantry are too numerous to be embodied in this report, and I leave it to the brigade and regimental commanders to do justice to those under their immediate command. Where all did so well, it is difficult to discriminate. As, however, they came under my personal observation, I cheerfully indorse the remarks of General Baxter in commendation of Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania; Colonel Wheelock, Ninety-seventh New York; Colonel Lyle, Ninetieth Pennsylvania; Colonel Bates and Lieutenant-Colonel Allen, Twelfth Massachusetts; Lieutenant-Colonel Moesch, Eighty-third New York, and Major Foust, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania. After the fall of General Paul, the command of the First Brigade devolved successively upon Colonel Leonard, Thirteenth Massachusetts, Colonel Root, Ninety-fourth New York, and Colonel Coulter, Eleventh Pennsylvania, all of whom were wounded while exercising the command. After withdrawing from this contest, I took up a position on a ridge to the left of the cemetery, facing the Emmitsburg road, and remained there until afternoon of the next day, when I was relieved by a division of the Second Corps, and ordered to the support of the Eleventh Corps. In the evening, I was ordered to the left of our line, but was soon after directed to return. On Friday morning, 3d instant, the division was massed, and held ready to push forward to the support of the Twelfth Corps, then engaged with the enemy on our right. About noon, I was informed by the major-general commanding the army that he anticipated an attack on the cemetery by the enemy's forces massed in the town, and was directed to so place my command that if our line gave way I could attack the enemy on his flank. I proceeded to make this change of position at the moment the enemy commenced the terrific artillery fire of that day. Never before were troops so exposed to such a fire of shot and shell, and yet the movement was made in perfect order and with little loss. Later in the day, the enemy having made his attack on our left instead of the center, I was ordered to the right of the Second Corps, which position I held until Sunday, when the line was withdrawn. My thanks are due to Brigadier-Generals Baxter and Paul for the able and zealous manner in which they handled their brigades, The officers of my staff were actively engaged during the whole of the three days' engagements. Lieutenant [Samuel M.] Morgan, acting assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenant [Frederick M.] Hallock, aide-de-camp, and Lieutenants Bratton and Mead, acting aides, were at all times distinguished for their gallantry and good conduct. Captain [John G.] Hovey, acting assistant inspector-general, was wounded and taken from the field early in the fight. Lieutenant Smith, ordnance officer, was diligent in the performance of his duty, and collected and turned in 2,251 muskets and a large number of equipments. It affords me pleasure to call special attention to the gallant conduct of one of my orderlies, Sergt. Ebenezer S. Johnson, First Maine Cavalry, whose chevrons should be exchanged for the epaulette. When we make officers of such men, the soldier receives his true reward and the service great benefit. This division went into battle with less than 2,500 officers and men, and sustained a loss of 1,667, of which 124 were commissioned officers. I transmit herewith a nominal and tabular statement of casualties, showing the loss of each regiment.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. C. ROBINSON, Brigadier-General, Commanding Division."

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 Music possibly by:

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 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

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Meatball Parade Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Dr. James Beeghley is back. This time he's joining us to talk about the popular trend of colorizing old photographs. Have you ever wondered how that's done? Though AI apps can kinda do a good job at it, a true digital artist will spend hundreds of hours researching and colorizing an old photograph with layers in a photo editor like Photoshop or Gimp. No self-respecting graphic artist would use AI and be done with it. Dr. James came into the studio and demonstrated how it's done. 1st Lieutenants saw it as it was record and, even though there is no visual with this, there is still interesting information shared for those of you interested in doing it yourself.

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Ralph Seigel is back to share another top ten list from the book TOP 10 At Gettysburg. This time, we're talking about the top ten most interesting cannon worth finding within Gettysburg National Military Park.

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 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/  

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Harry Smeltzer, of "Bull Runnings" fame, sat down with me back in August to talk about veterans of Bull Run who paid the ultimate price here on the fields of Gettysburg.

Check out his blog post about being on the show by clicking here https://bullrunnings.wordpress.com/2023/08/15/my-last-for-now/#comments

You can book Harry (and check out the rest of his blog) by clicking here: https://bullrunnings.wordpress.com/speaking/

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THIS EPISODE IS NOT A PATREON PREVIEW. IT IS A FULL INTERVIEW

The late Andrew Prine's wife, actress/producer/director Heather Lowe, was kind enough to sit down with me for an open interview about her late husband, who played "General Garnett" in the movie "Gettysburg." Andrew had a long and respectable career in theater, film and television spanning five decades.

This episode is produced by Bo Brinkman, Engineered by Cindy Compton and recorded at the Gettysburg Museum of History Studios ( www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com ). This episode is brought to you by our Patrons in the Officers' Club. Commission yourself at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Pastor Andy Hart is back. This time, he and I are exploring the Lost Cause. This isn't some definitive work on the matter. It's the first of many conversations I intend to have with historians about it. This discussion is more of an exploration of it as we begin to unpack the mess created over a century ago.

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THE VERMONT BRIGADE ON CEMETERY RIDGE (APRIL 20 – 10:00 A.M.)  

“As soon as the change of the point of attack became evident, I ordered a flank attack upon the enemy’s column….. I saw another rebel column charging immediately upon our left….Colonel Veazey, of the Sixteenth, was at once ordered to attack it in its turn upon the flank.”

As Pickett’s Division marched into history on July 3, 1863, securing their right flank would be crucial to success. The men from Vermont would play a crucial role in helping to ensure they failed. Join us as we highlight the role of these 9-month men during their most important action.

Liberty where? Liberty Place. Not familiar with a Civil War battle by that name? Well, join the club. I wasn't either until LBG Kevin Bryant suggest a show about this battle which took place during reconstruction and involved Longstreet leading Louisiana troops and police on behalf of the United States against former Confederates. Say what? Press play and hear all about it. 

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LBG Chris Army is back to talk about Brigadier General John Gibbon of the II Corps, Army of the Potomac. 

From Gettysburg Daily:

"John Gibbon was born in the Holmesburg section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the fourth of ten children born to Dr. John Heysham Gibbon and Catharine Lardner Gibbon. When Gibbon was 11 years old the family moved near Charlotte, North Carolina, because Dr. Gibbon took a position as chief assayer at the U.S. Mint. John Gibbon graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1847 and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery. He served in the Mexican-American War without seeing combat, attempted to keep the peace between Seminoles and settlers in south Florida. In 1855, Gibbon married Francis “Fannie” North Moale. They had four children: Frances Moale Gibbon, Catharine “Katy” Lardner Gibbon, John Gibbon, Jr. (who died as a toddler) and John S. Gibbon. Lieutenant John Gibbon taught artillery tactics at West Point where he wrote The Artillerist’s Manual in 1859. The manual was used by both sides in the Civil War."

Click the link above for more on John Gibbon from Gettysburg Daily

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 Help Historian Eric Wittenberg Fight Cancer: https://www.gofundme.com/f/please-consider-helping-eric-and-susan-wittenberg    Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) or free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

You've heard of Imboden's Brigade. But what do you know about it and its role in the Gettysburg Campaign. Steve French fills us in.

Steve is a former middle school history teacher and graduate of Shepherd College. His works include Imboden's Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign; Rebel Chronicles: Raiders, Scouts, and Train Robbers of the Upper-Potomac; and Four Years Along the Tilhance: The Private Diary of Elisha Manor.

Carolyn Ivanoff joins new-to-the-show LBG Jim Connery to talk about the 20th Connecticut.

From the regiment's monument:

"The Brig. formed on this line on the morning of July 2nd. At eve it moved to the support left of army. Returning, it found the position and woods on rear occupied by Johnson’s Division, Ewell’s Corps. During the night it lay in line of battle. At dawn, July 3rd, the 20th Conn. advanced under cover of artillery and fought 5 hrs. driving the enemy and reoccupying the works. Was relieved by the 123rd N.Y. In the afternoon moved to support the 2nd Corps against Longstreet’s assault.

This regiment went from Va. with the 12th A.C. to Army of Cumberland, marched with Gen. Sherman to the sea."

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 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

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 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

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 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

You all know and love Peter Miele and Codie Eash. They're great historians and they've shared a lot of what they've learned with us all, here on AG, at the museum and elsewhere. But who are they? How did they get to positions that make their names known to us all? Well, we get into that in the SPOTLIGHT ON, recorded last November in the refectory at the Seminary, in front of a live audience. Enjoy!

This episode is available for 1st and 2nd Lieutenants at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Allen R. Thompson, author of In The Shadow of the Round Tops, stopped in to talk about his book. In this interview we really parse every detail we possibly can of Longstreet's Countermarch. Allen is a lawyer and, therefore, this book is written with a lawyer's approach, which I found refreshing. Who knew what and when did he know it? Was [insert information here] something that this person or that person would have known at the moment, or is it something he learned from someone else down the road? Allen put together a wonderful book about this mysterious part of the Battle of Gettysburg and Six Questions Lentz and I had fun breaking it down with him. 

Join Autumn and hundreds of others in our "Officers' Club" on Patreon to hear the rest of this interview and, most importantly, to help Addressing Gettysburg continue to bring Gettysburg to you. Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and join! 2nd Lieutenants and up get ALL four episodes that are released every month. 

LBG Mike Rupert joins us to talk about Major General Winfield Scott Hancock and his actions on July 2, 1863. 

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 Go to the Gettysburg Film Festival! https://gettysburgfilmfestival.org/2024-festival/

 Help Historian Eric Wittenberg Fight Cancer: https://www.gofundme.com/f/please-consider-helping-eric-and-susan-wittenberg    Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

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 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

LBG Larry Korzyck joins us for his very first time to talk about the top ten infantry actions in the Battle of Gettysburg. This list is one of the many contributions Larry made to the book Top Ten at Gettysburg .

We were joined by a few listeners, including Patron Adam Betz who also submitted a question ahead of time. Since he happened to be there, we let him ask it to Larry directly. Always nice to have listeners in the room with us. 

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 Joining our book club: Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com to get in!

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    Supporting Our Sponsors:

 You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com

 Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

GNMP's Chief of Interpretation Christopher Gwinn joined me this afternoon for a livestream on our YouTube channel to bring you up-to-date on what remains of this Winter's programming as well as what you can expect during the Spring. He was kind enough to take calls from viewers too!

Make sure you follow our YouTube Channel so you don't miss livestreams like this. 

Also, if you recognize the hard work that goes into AG and want to see it continue, please consider becoming a Patron over on Patreon (where the real histroy show is). Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and get a 7-day FREE TRIAL of our 2nd Lieutenant rank. 

Matt Borders is back for the final installment of his history of the Army of the Potomac. In this one, we cover the years' 1864-1865. If you're wondering if we'll do a history of the ANV, fear not. Matt has agreed to do that during 2024. 

Support the Show by:

 Join us at the ACHS For a Live Show with Tim Smith and Garry Adelman: https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/achsevent-3/

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 Joining our book club: Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com to get in!

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   Supporting Our Sponsors:

 You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com

 Go to the Gettysburg Film Festival! https://gettysburgfilmfestival.org/2024-festival/

 Help Historian Eric Wittenberg Fight Cancer: https://www.gofundme.com/f/please-consider-helping-eric-and-susan-wittenberg    Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

Greg Elder is back to talk about how the Battle of Gettysburg caused a change in the tactics used to wage the American Civil War.

Second Lieutenants get once new episode per week, plus other perks. 1st Lieutenants get BTS livestreams including recording sessions of our Patreon shows, Ask A Guides and more, and they get them months, even a year before its released for free. Commission yourself one of the lieutenants for way more history than you can handle and to keep this show going and growing! www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg 

The deep-bass tones of LBG Kvin Bryant return to sooth our ears with the story of Father William Corby, chaplain of the Irish Brigade and statue. Many a Gettysnerd knows the legend of Father Corby giving final absolution to the men of the Irish Brigade, regardless of denomination, before they went into battle on July 2, 1863 at Gettysburg. But what else do we know? Turns out there's plenty more to know and Kevin shares it with us. 

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 Joining our book club: Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com to get in!

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    Supporting Our Sponsors:

 You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com

 Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/

 TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com 

Time for another palate-cleanser. This time, courtesy of Erik Dorr at the Gettysburg Museum of History, actor Matthew Leitch (Sgt. Talbert, Band of Brothers) joins me to talk about the process of making the hit HBO mini-series (back when they were called "mini-series" and not "limited-series"). Matt is very involved in keeping WWII history alive through tours of WWII battlefields and his own podcast about Easy Company and Band of Brothers. 

Historian and friend-o'-da-show, David Martin, is back to give a fair assessment of Oliver Howard's XI Corps, here at Gettysburg.

Become a patron and bring peace to the world www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

In case you haven't heard, the 2024 Season of GNMP's Winter Lecture Series is exclusively on our YouTube Channel. So you don't have to listen and wonder what the audience is looking at because we have it covered for you. Since we will no longer put the audio-only version up on this feed, the only place you can catch the lectures (besides joining us in-person) is by subscribing to our YouTube Channel. So click the link above and hit that subscribe button and turn the notification bell on so that you don't miss any live video or upload we have. 2024 is the year we started taking video seriously. More to come!

History superstar Garry Adelman dropped in to talk about Civil War photography and, boy is it interesting. Was I able to corner Garry and get him to answer where he thinks the Harvest of Death photos were taken? Only pressing "play" will answer that question.

Also, this isn't technically an Ask A Guide. It's a Patreon episode but Garry asked that it be available for all. 

Support the Show by:

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Joining out Film Club- AgFilmClub1863@gmail.com 

 Supporting Our Sponsors:

 You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com

 Baer Sign- www.baersign.com    The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)-   https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/    Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums and our website is https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com 

Author James McLean Jr. dropped in for his first podcast appearance to talk about his latest Savas-Beatie release, "The Bullets Flew Like Hail": Cutler’s Brigade at Gettysburg, from McPherson’s Ridge to Culp’s Hill. The first day of the battle has, for too long, been brushed over for various reasons, but it is still a brutal day of fighting with many of the units involved being nearly destroyed.  July 1, 1863 is held in the top 20 of single-day battle casualties. Cutler's Brigade is one unit that had a hard slog in the fight and James' book is about just that. 

Grab your copy here and be sure to let them know you heard about them on AG for a 20% discount. 

Support Addressing Gettysburg by becoming a Patron over at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg. Here's what the different ranks get:

Private- our heartfelt thanks and 20% off all items in our store, in perpetuity

First Sergeant- same as above, plus you can submit questions for Ask A Gettysburg Guide episodes

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All ranks get early access to and discounts on ticketed events.

So, join the Officers' Club today! 

Merry Christmas!

PreserveCast is a podcast put out by Preservation Maryland. If you're not familiar with them, we at Addressing Gettysburg suggest you become familiar with them. They do great work and host Nick Redding does a fantastic job at the helm of PreserveCast. Thanks to Nick for reaching out to us and letting us release PreserveCast's episode about the history of Santa Claus. 

"The PreserveCast team brings you a special release on the history of Santa Claus. You know Dasher and Dancer and Prancer and Vixen . . . but what about the jolly old elf holding the reins? St. Nicholas, Old St. Nick, Sinterklaas, or simply Santa Claus. He’s gone by many names – but where does this rich and seemingly timeless tradition come from?

On this special edition of PreserveCast, we’re headed down a winding reindeer path to uncover the rich history of Santa Claus and how he came to define the modern celebration of Christmas."- PreserveCast

Dr. Ashley Luskey joins Bethany and Veronica to talk about the First Lady of the Confederacy, Varina Davis. 

The first season of That's What She Said is in its testing phase and won' be available for free until September of 2024, but you can get ahead of the crowd and hear all the episodes in their entirety by becoming a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Now and then, we're contacted by a listener who has done some work on his or her own gumption. Seeing as how we came out of nowhere, we like to shed a light on others who come out of nowhere, but do good work. Early in 2023, Ben Cwayna contacted us and we invited him on the show to join LBG Lewis Trott in an Ask A Guide about Perrin's Brigade

Ben is proud graduate of Michigan State University where he graduated from both undergrad and laws school, Ben is a practicing attorney and managing partner in a law firm in Grand Ledge, Michigan.  He is the proud father of his son, Grant, and has been an avid Civil War enthusiast for most of his 43 years.  For the past 31 years, he has been an active member of the 12th South Carolina/4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry, Inc.; a dual impression living history organization and currently serves as its commanding officer.  He has studied the 12th South Carolina Volunteer Infantry in depth since he was twelve years old and has written a regimental history entitled, “The Invincible Twelfth” which will be published by Savas Beatie.  His next work will be focused on writing a command study of AP Hill’s Third Corps in the Army of Northern Virginia.  Ben is proud to have ancestors that fought on both sides of the conflict; one in the 111th Ohio and the other in the 7th Tennessee and 54th North Carolina. 

Support the Show by:

 Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg    Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38

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 Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books

 Joining our book club. Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com

 Supporting Our Sponsors:

 You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com

 The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/

 Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides- https://gettysburgtourguides.org/

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com   Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/   Join the NACWM- https://www.nacwm.org/   

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums and our website is https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com 

Carolyn Ivanoff joins us to talk about her great book "We Fought at Gettysburg: Firsthand Accounts by the Survivors of the 17th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry". This book is a MUST HAVE in your Gettysburg library. Press play to find out why.

This episode is FREE FOR THE HOLIDAYS! Just go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and, if you can get into the spirit of the season, maybe become a patron. :-)

**YouTube has restricted, demonetize and blocked (in some regions) our video version of this episode. We anticipated that and recorded it. If you would rather see what we're talking about when we're talking about it, click here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/jfk-60th-with-dr-93287460?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link It is available for free and you don't have to have an account to view it. However, if you appreciate the work we put into this and every show, please consider becoming a Patron. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg **

Every once in a while we like to step out of the Battle of Gettysburg and into another era of history. Since JFK visited Gettysburg on March 30, 1963, we figure it's "Gettysburg-enough" to explore the assassination of the man on November 22, 1963.   

Over the last 60 years, generations have doubted, questioned, hypothesized, theorized, speculated, conjectured, imagined, lied, guessed, concocted and just about everything else except believed that Lee Harvey Oswald, on his own merits, without help from a vast conspiracy of everyone else in the world, murdered our 35th President. Dr. Jennifer Murray and Addressing Gettysburg's Matt Callery explore what's provable and what requires an active imagination. Matt will present arguments for Oswald being the mastermind and the lone gunman in the assassination, while Jennifer will counter with conspiracy theories.  

 Even though the live broadcast is over, we still WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU! What do you believe? Did the Warren Commission get it right? Did Mark Lane, Jim Garrison, et al, get it right? Is it a combination of the two? Tell us by calling into the show and leaving a voicemail at 717-420-1978. We will play it on the next AG Today when we recap this episode. 

On your next visit to Gettysburg, check out the awesome JFK arifacts at the Gettysburg Museum of History at 219 Baltimore Street. https://www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com/

We asked our Patrons to submit recordings of themselves reciting the Gettysburg Address in honor of the 160th Aiversary of the speech. Joining Matt in this recitation are the following Patrons:

Norman Bayley Jason Slaughter Kevin Tracy Tom Plefka Steven Byers

Thanks, fellas, for your submissions. To those of you who submitted but didn't make the cut, thank you, still. We didn't have enough speech to put everyone in, so we went with those who delivered in at the pace we were looking for. 

See how much fun we have on our Patreon page? Isn't it time you became one? Also, aren't you glad you use Dial? Don't you wish everyone did? Well, we all use it over at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.24404500/?st=text

Our good friend, Carolyn Ivanoff, joins Bethany and Veronica to talk about one tough gal, Cornelia Hancock, nurse extraordinaire.

Patrons at the 2nd Lieutenant tier and above get exclusive access to That's What She Said's first season over at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

LBGs Lewis Trott and Kevin Bryant met Matt near the 26th North Carolina Monument to record an episode about color bearers in the Battle of Gettysburg. There are many stories from the Battle of Gettysburg about the men who had the peculiar honor of making a target of themselves by carrying their regiment's flag and we just scratch the surface in this episode. 

Support the Show by:

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 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

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 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Music- Billy Webster arranged and performed the rendition of "Garryowen" that you hear at the end of the show. https://billysongs.com    Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums and our website is https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com 

Didn't think there was a Gettysburg connection to the Battle of Fort McHenry besides that of the fort's commender? Well, you'll be surprised when you find out just how connected Fort McHenry was to Gettysburg. 

Our Flag Was Still There details the improbable two-hundred-year journey of the original Star-Spangled Banner -- from Fort McHenry in 1814, when Francis Scott Key first saw it, to the Smithsonian in 2023 -- and the enduring family who defended, kept, hid, and ultimately donated the most famous flag in American history.

Francis Scott Key saw the original Star-Spangled Banner flying over Baltimore's Fort McHenry on September 14, 1814, following a twenty-five-hour bombardment by the British Navy, inspiring him to write the words to our national anthem. Torn and tattered over the years, reduced in size to appease souvenir-hunters, stuffed away in a New York City vault for the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the flag's mere existence after two hundred years is an improbable story of dedication, perseverance, patriotism, angst, inner-family squabbles, and, yes, more than a little luck.

For this unlikely feat, we have the Armistead family to thank -- led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead, commander of Fort McHenry, who took it home after the battle in clear defiance of U.S. Army regulations. It is only because of that quiet indiscretion that the flag survives to this day. Armistead's descendants kept and protected their family heirloom for ninety years. The flag's first photo was not taken until 1873, almost sixty years after Key saw it waving, and most Americans did not even know of its existence until Armistead's grandson loaned it to the Smithsonian in 1907.

Tom McMillan tells a story as no one has before. Digging deep into the archives of Fort McHenry and the Smithsonian, accessing never-before-published letters and documents, and presenting rare photos from the private collections of Armistead descendants and other sources, McMillan follows the flag on an often-perilous journey through three centuries. Our Flag Was Still There provides new insight into an intriguing period of U.S. history, offering a "story behind the story" account of one of the country's most treasured relics.

For the last three years, Steve Sims has been the superintendent at GNMP. Now, he leaves us for Independence in Philadelphia. I sat down with Steve for the last time on AG to talk about his life inside and outside of his role at GNMP. I hope you enjoy this interview. 

Addressing Gettysburg is dedicated to bringing you the history of the Battle of Gettysburg and the town through myriad experts, as well as a peek into what it's like to live here in the modern era. If you like and appreciate that, please consider becoming a patron so that we can continue to do it and expand into other mediums. Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Our pal Brad Gottfried is back to continue an earlier discussion about when Lincoln came to Gettysburg as described in his book "Lincoln Comes to Gettysburg".  Grab your copy here.

While freeing up space on the AG hard drive, I came acorss this long-lost episode, recorded in 2022, while Eric the Producer was still here, featuring Jim Pangburn sharing with us his top five Gettysburg book recommendations. So, here it is. You can even hear the birds chirping and other background sounds associated with us recording at the Gettysbike shed. 

Support the Show by:

 Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg    Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38

 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop

 Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books

 Joining our book club. Email addressinggettysburgbookclub@gmail.com

 Supporting Our Sponsors:

  Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com

 Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/

 For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com

 The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com

 Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com

 Bantam Roasters Use "HANCOCK" for 10% off your order https://www.raggededgerc.com/

 Buy Billy Webster's Music- Billy Webster arranged and performed the rendition of "Garryowen" that you hear at the end of the show. https://billysongs.com  

Addressing Gettysburg podcast fans receive 20% off the first year’s annual subscription. Sign up at www.historyfix.com and use promo code ADGBURG

 Check out Jonathan Lucci's new novel: https://www.theheavensfalling.com/

 Music possibly by:

 "Garryowen" by Billy Webster

 Camp Chase Fifes & Drums and our website is https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org

 California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand

Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com 

John-Michael would like to dedicate this interview to his friend who recently passed. He writes: “The guy in a couple of the photos with me was my best friend and mentor. He passed away last month from injuries related to us being deployed over there. I’d like dedicate the show to him if you do that kind of thing. Sergeant First Class Oliver James Bailey, US Army Special Forces, Retired.… Born:  October 7, 1966 Died:  September 15, 2023 He was 56."

John-Michael Self is a Patron, Marine and civilian security conractor during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. John contacted me back in April about a completely unrelated episode we had put out. We had a phone call and the discussion gave me the idea to invite John-Michael on to talk about his experiences in combat. We recorded this episode in August. The full interview is available on Patreon right now. 

To become a patron, go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

ALSO! Join us for our Christmas Party on December 9. It's FREE and all are welcome! Register here https://fareharbor.com/embeds/book/addressinggettysburg/items/418030/?full-items=yes&flow=no

“The work was about to commence in earnest”

As the tide broke upon Cemetery Ridge in the late afternoon of July 3, 1863, the name Pickett was immortalized even in defeat. Join us as we walk the path of Garnett’s Brigade and discuss the actions of these men on that fateful day.

During the festivities for the 30th Anniversary of the movie "GETTYSBURG", actor John Rothman (General John F Reynolds) stopped by the studio to talk about the current actors' strike, making "Gettysburg" and more. He is joined by new fan-favorite Dale Fetzer, the Military Choreographer for the film. 

John has been in a TON of TV Shows and movies. Check out his fimography here https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0745232/

Get your download of Marching Through Georgia by Billy Webster at www.billysongs.com 

Usually long-form interviews like these are reserved for Patreon, but we really want your support so we can grow and continue to bring you the history of Gettysburg in new ways. We're releasing this for free to you as a way to celebrate this movie which we all love and which sparked the interest in the Battle of Gettysburg for many of us. Join our community! Not only are there hundreds more episodes for you to listen to and learn from, but you can also receive other perks, depending on your level of support. Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and make an act of a "thank you" to us turn into something you will thank yourself for! 

Dr. Rick Schroeder is a retired orthopedic surgeon and Licensed Battlefield Guide who you know from many of our medical episodes, most often appearing alongside of his pal and fellow LBG Fran Feyock. Rick came in with his son who is also a doctor to talk about his life. This was a fun one to record.

30 years ago, Dale Fetzer was the military choreographer during the shooting of the movie "Gettysburg". Last October, while in town to shoot a special video for the ABT, Dale agreed to come on the show and talk about the daunting task of choreographing a battle for a major motion picture.  Check out his book "Unlikely Allies" here.

Normally, this would live on our Patreon account, but, in honor of the anniversary, we are releasing this for free for its premiere. If you appreicate that, head on over to Patreon and join our community. There are hundreds more episodes there full of history you never knew existed! Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

ORIGINAL RELEASE DATE February 7, 2021 on Patreon.

Joseph Fuqua played JEB Stuart in "Gettysburg" and "Gods and Generals". This is his second time on Addressing Gettysburg (his first appearance is still available on Patreon). In October of 2022, Joseph came to town to shoot video with Garry Adelman for the ABT's special videos honoring the 30th anniversary of the movie. We goofed around all day and decided to do another interview after lunch, but we were tired after lunch and ended up having a less-goofy conversation about his career as an actor and the craft of acting. Goofiness still popped its head up now and then. 

Normally, this would live on our Patreon account, but, in honor of the anniversary, we are releasing this for free for its premiere. If you appreicate that, head on over to Patreon and join our community. There are hundreds more episodes there full of history you never knew existed! Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

On February 26, 2022, Addressing Gettysburg did its first live-with-an-audience, on-location show and we learned one thing: look out, Rat Pack. There's a new night club act in town. 

But seriously, we had fun with guest co-host, Tim Smith and our special guests, Patrick Gorman and Bo Brinkman. Here are some of the highlights from this episode:

-a good deal of movie trivia you may not have heard before

-West Virginia Mountain Folklorist dazzles us all with vivid memories of watching the movie at the tender, non-memory-forming, age of 2.

-the debut of the wildly popular game show "Whose Line Is It Anyway, Except You Have to Name Who the Person Is Speaking the Line To Or Something Like That"

-the audience turns on Cam

-Loring Shultz, owner of the Farnsworth House, sits down with Tim, Patrick and Bo, to discuss his memories of the actors hanging out there every Friday and Saturday night during filming, how his showcase of memorabilia came about and he finally dispells the rumor that he fed and watered the horses during the shoot. 

- "Six Questions" leads the charge of audience questioners

AND MORE!

Special thanks to Eric the Producer, the crew at the Farnsworth House (Leland, Sarah, Libby and Becky), our audience for buying up all the tickets within the first 48 hours, Casey Turben for help with the sound system, and Jonjon Pinkerton for getting us in touch with other actors who have been on the show. 

Hope it's as much fun to listen to as we had making it. And if you missed this one, don't worry. In-person shows are now a part of Addressing Gettysburg.

Don't be confused! Today you get two episodes with Bo and Patrick. This is the first one, which was recorded back in October of 2018, during the 25th Anniversary of the movie Gettysburg. Reocorded in the Summer kitchen on my friend's farm on Hospital Road, my friend Pete and I sat down with Bo and Patrick to talk about the making of the movie, naturally. This was the first time I had ever interviewed someone from the entertainment industry and I was kinda nervous, but these guys were true gentlemen and we had fun. They share some good stories about Tom Berenger's gift to the other "Confederate Officers", how they got their parts and more. 

We hope you enjoy this free release of one of our Patreon episodes in honor of the 30th Anniversary of the release of the movie "Gettysburg". If you appreciate the hard work we put in to bring the history of and culture around the Battle of Gettysburg to you, please consider becoming a patron. There you'll find what hundreds of people have already discovered: that there's more to the Gettysburg story than you know! Go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg