Space Nuts

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Space Nuts Q&A Edition - Episode 468
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into a variety of intriguing questions from our audience. From the mysteries of lunar lava tubes to the wonders of black holes and gravitational waves, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and cosmic discussions.
Episode Highlights:
- Lunar Lava Tubes: Discuss the potential hazards that lunar lava tubes might pose for future moon missions. Explore the implications for astronauts traversing the moon's surface and how NASA might mitigate these risks.
- Black Hole Conundrums: Tackle a thought-provoking question about the behaviour of light within a black hole. Discover the complexities of singularities and the fascinating concept of frame dragging in rotating black holes.
- Gravitational Waves and Cosmic Expansion: Delve into the nature of gravitational waves and their impact on our understanding of the universe. Learn whether these waves could influence cosmic phenomena like gravitational lensing and the expansion of the universe.
- Instatravel Pod Adventure: Imagine a journey to any location in the universe with a hypothetical instatravel pod. Join Andrew and Fred Watson as they share where they would go and why, from viewing the Milky Way from afar to discovering intelligent life on another planet.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
00:00 - Andrew Dunkley answers audience questions on this edition of Space Nuts
03:54 - Mikey from Illinois ponders about possible lava tubes on the moon
10:02 - Jake from Australia has a question about Black holes
14:48 - Would gravitational waves help explain the expansion of the universe
17:49 - Do gravitational waves travel as a sphere or do they affect space time
22:15 - Fred asks two questions about a unique opportunity to travel in a space pod
25:17 - Andrew was asked where he would like to go in the universe
31:37 - Andrew Dunkley: Thank you for listening to the Space Nuts podcast

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Space Nuts Episode: Mars Mysteries and Cosmic Feasts
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this intriguing episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into the latest discoveries and discussions in the realm of astronomy and Space exploration. From mysterious messages from Mars to the insatiable appetite of black holes, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and cosmic wonders.
Episode Highlights:
- Mars Message Decoded: Explore the story behind a mysterious message sent from Mars in 2023, now decoded by a father-daughter Timms. Discover the artistic and scientific collaboration that led to this unique project and its implications for extraterrestrial communication.
- Ancient Mars' Climate Conundrum: Delve into a new study that challenges our understanding of Mars' history. Learn about the planet's carbon dioxide cycle and the possibility of ancient lakes and rivers hidden beneath layers of ice and CO2.
- Black Hole's Cosmic Feast: Uncover the staggering discovery of a black hole consuming matter at an unprecedented rate. Understand the implications of this finding for our knowledge of black hole growth in the early universe.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Space Nuts Q&A Edition - Episode 466
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where they address intriguing questions from our audience. From unexplained spacecraft noises to the mysteries of the Big Bang, this episode is filled with fascinating insights and cosmic discussions.
Episode Highlights:
- Unexplained Spacecraft Noises: Dive into the mystery of strange noises reported on various spacecraft, including the Boeing Starliner and historical incidents on Space Shuttle Discovery and Shenzhou 5. Explore potential explanations and the quirks of space acoustics.
- Challenging the Big Bang Theory: Join the debate as listener Binny shares his scepticism about the Big Bang and proposes an alternative theory involving a massive rotating black hole. Delve into the evidence for the Big Bang and the cosmic microwave background radiation.
- Planetary Gyroscopes: Discover what happens if a planet is tilted off its axis and whether it could behave like a giant gyroscope. Learn about gravitational forces and the dynamics of planetary rings, with insights into Saturn and Uranus.
- The Electromagnetic Spectrum in Astronomy: Explore the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and their significance in scientific discoveries. Professor Fred Watson shares his insights on the most interesting and impactful wavelengths, from visible light to the 22-centimetre line of hydrogen.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Space Nuts #462 Q&A Edition
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in another enlightening Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle intriguing questions from listeners around the globe. From the perplexing nature of dark matter and dark energy to the possibility of interferometry using Space and ground-based telescopes, this episode is packed with cosmic curiosities and insightful discussions.
Episode Highlights:
- Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Solar System: Trent from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, questions why dark matter and dark energy, which comprise 96% of the universe, are not factored into the movements of our solar system. Fred Watson Watson explains the scale and influence of these mysterious forces.
- Interferometry with Space Telescopes: Bo from Victoria wonders if it's theoretically possible to perform interferometry using Space telescopes like Hubble and James Webb, combined with ground-based telescopes. Explore the current limitations and future possibilities of this technology.
- The Mystery of Gravitons: Vincent questions the existence of gravitons and their potential to form self-propagating waves. Delve into the intersection of quantum theory and relativity as Fred Watson Watson discusses this theoretical particle.
- Biblical Floods and Astronomical Events: Christopher from Bayville, North Carolina, inquires about the possibility of biblical floods being linked to astronomical events. Discover the fascinating connections between historical events and cosmic phenomena.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our websiteat www.spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Space Nuts #458 Q&A Edition
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle a variety of intriguing questions from listeners. From the mysteries of light and redshift to the enigmatic cores of gas giants, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and cosmic curiosities.
Episode Highlights:
- Light and Redshift: Mario from Melbourne (Australia) queries how light can redshift if it doesn't experience time. Fred Watson Watson delves into relativity and the observer's role in this cosmic phenomenon.
- Gas Giants' Cores: Nigel from Brisbane (Australia) wonders if there's a rocky planet beneath the gas layers of Jupiter and Saturn. Explore the theories about the mysterious cores of these colossal planets.
- Galaxy Collisions: Raul from California asks about the collision of galaxies amidst the universe's expansion. Discover why some galaxies are on a collision course despite the ever-expanding cosmos.
- Future Navigation: David from Tucson questions how we will navigate when exploring beyond our solar system. Learn about the quasars that provide a stable reference point for cosmic navigation.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPodon facebook, X, YouTube Music, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this thrilling episode of Space Nuts, where they explore the latest in Space science and astronomy. From the return of the Starliner to groundbreaking missions to Mars, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and discoveries.
Episode Highlights:
- Starliner Success: The Boeing Starliner makes a flawless return to Earth, marking a significant achievement for Boeing's engineers and NASA. Discover the details of this textbook mission and the future prospects for the Starliner.
- SpaceX Mars Missions: SpaceX's Starship mega rocket is gearing up for missions to Mars in the next few years. Learn about Elon Musk's ambitious plan to build a self-sustaining city on Mars and the technological advancements making it possible.
-Galaxy Size Revelation: New research suggests our galaxies are much larger than previously thought. Find out how this discovery impacts our understanding of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies, and what it means for their impending merger.
- Stellar Disruption: A passing star may have caused significant disruptions in the outer solar system. Explore the implications of this event on trans-Neptunian objects and the potential existence of Planet Nine.00:00:00 - This is space nuts, where we talk astronomy and space science
00:01:15 - Professor Fred Watson says brush turkeys do serious damage to Australian gardens
00:03:31 - Boeing's Starliner spacecraft successfully returned to Earth last week
00:06:17 - SpaceX is developing a spacecraft called starship that will go to Mars
00:07:48 - Elon Musk tweets timelines for first space starship missions to Mars
00:14:15 - Professor Fred Watson says he has no problem with humans going to Mars
00:22:49 - Scientists say gas makes up 70 to 90% of normal matter in universe
00:25:30 - Scientists suggest disruption in solar system due to passing star billions of years ago
00:30:03 - Andrew Dunkley: Planet nine theory has been around since 2016
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. 
Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. 
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. 
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. 
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle fascinating questions from listeners about the universe's expansion, three sun systems, black hole mergers, and coronal mass ejections.
Episode Highlights:
- Universal Expansion: What if the expansion of the universe slowed down? Could light overtake the edge of the universe?
- Three Sun Systems: Chris from North Carolina asks about the possibility of a planet orbiting three suns and the gravitational effects of such a system.
- Black Hole Mergers: Discover what happens when black holes merge. Is it like a mini big bang?
- Coronal Mass Ejections: Have we ever collected matter from a coronal mass ejection? Lee from Canada wants to know the details and implications.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where they delve into the latest updates on the Boeing Starliner, the peculiar weather on planet Wasp 76 b, the bustling Kuiper Belt, and the mystery of Mars' missing water.
Episode Highlights:
- Starliner Troubles:Discover the latest issue plaguing the Boeing Starliner and the unique challenges faced by astronauts Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams.
- Wasp 76 b: Learn about the extreme weather on this distant exoplanet, where iron rain is a reality.
- Kuiper Belt Discoveries:New findings suggest the Kuiper Belt is more populated and extensive than previously thought.
- Mars' Water Mystery: Uncover the latest research on where Mars' water went and what it means for the planet's history.

For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPodon facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. Other supporter options can be found on our website.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle intriguing questions from our listeners about the universe, galaxies, the origin of life, and dark matter.
Episode Highlights:
- The Older Universe: Bob from Florida asks about the appearance of galaxies in the older parts of the universe and their spatial relationships over time.
- Galaxies and Black Holes: Shaun from British Columbia inquires if all galaxies will eventually be consumed by their central supermassive black holes.
- Origin of Life on Earth: James from Maine discusses the potential for life on Earth to have begun as far back as 4.1 billion years ago and the implications for finding microbial life elsewhere in our solar system.
- Dark Matter Interactions: Michael from Illinois questions whether dark matter interacts with itself gravitationally.
Chapters:
- 00:00:00 - Space nuts asks you to send us questions and we try to answer them
- 00:02:03 - Bob says galaxies that far away should be closer together with expanding universe
- 00:05:57 - Are all galaxies eventually going to get sucked into their central supermassive black holes
- 00:08:32 - There is tantalising evidence that life may have begun on earth 4.1 billion years ago
- 00:15:25 - Michael: Does dark matter gravitationally interact with itself
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this riveting episode of Space Nuts, where they delve into mysterious noises, cosmic impacts, black hole jets, and the debate over extraterrestrial life.
Episode Highlights:
- Mysterious Noises in the Boeing Starliner: Strange noises are coming from inside the Boeing Starliner, even though it’s empty. Discover what might be causing these eerie sounds.
- Ganymede's Massive Impact:Learn about the colossal asteroid that struck Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede, with a force greater than the one that wiped out the dinosaurs on Earth.
- Black Hole Jets: Scientists have made new discoveries about the jets of plasma shooting from black holes. Find out how they recreated these phenomena in a lab.
- Believing in Aliens: The ongoing debate about extraterrestrial life and the problems arising from conspiracy theories. Why do so many people believe in alien visitations?
- - 00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley: Coming up on this episode of Space Nuts
- - 00:01:32 Fred Watson Watson: Hallie, Andrew. I'm here for more, but I'll give less, just to be contrary.
- - 00:03:45 Discussing the Boeing Starliner and the strange noises reported by astronaut Butch Wilmore.
- - 00:15:20 The impact on Ganymede by an asteroid 20 times the mass of the one that hit Earth.
- - 00:28:10 New findings about black hole jets and how they were recreated in a lab.
- - 00:40:00 The debate over extraterrestrial life and the rise of conspiracy theories.
- For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPodon facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this thought-provoking Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle intriguing questions from our listeners about dark matter, flawed mathematics, black holes, and more.Episode Highlights:- Dark Matter Debate: Kevin from Melbourne challenges the Timms on their previous discussion about dark matter, questioning whether SpaceTime itself could be the elusive substance.
- Flawed Mathematics: Simon wonders if the breakdown of models at the extremes of the universe is due to our mathematics being flawed. Could our system of mathematics be misaligned with the real world?
- Black Holes and Spin: Isaac from Brisbane, aged nine, asks how black holes spin if they take up no Space and why spin affects Space.
- Gravity and Space: Isaac's dad inquires about how gravity bends Space and thus bends light traveling past it.
- Energy in Space: Rusty from Donnybrook speculates about harnessing the energy of Space and the potential for one g drives to revolutionise Space travel.
- 00:00:00 - This is a q and a edition of Space Nuts
- 00:01:05 - Kevin from Melbourne asks whether spacetime itself might be dark matter
- 00:07:22 - Is it possible that breakdown of models is due to our mathematics being flawed
- 00:11:38 - Simon: I just finished watching a science fiction series called dark matter
- 00:13:01 - Why do black holes spin if they take up no space
- 00:15:11 - Isaac's dad wants to know how gravity bends space
- 00:16:56 - Fred and Andrew: Soon we'll harness the energy of space itself
- 00:18:39 - If we could achieve one g drive, it would make travel around the solar system pretty schmick
- 00:24:16 - Space Nuts podcast available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social mediaat SpaceNutsPodon facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where they explore the latest discoveries and theories in astronomy and space science.
Episode Highlights:
- Rogue Planets Discovered:The James Webb SpaceTime Telescope has identified six new rogue, or orphan, planets. Learn about these mysterious celestial bodies that wander the galaxy without a star to orbit.
- - Dark Matter Doubts: A new study raises questions about the existence of dark matter. Discover the findings from the Lux Zeppelin detector and what they mean for our understanding of the universe.
- - The Fermi Paradox Revisited: Explore new ideas around the Fermi Paradox and the existence of extraterrestrial life. Could alien life be so different from us that we simply can't detect it?
-For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com . 
- For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
- Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
- Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

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Space Nuts: Phosphine Revisited, Space Debris Solutions, and a Tribute to David L. Crawford
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging episode of Space Nuts, where they discuss recent revelations and developments in Space science.
Episode Highlights:
- Phosphine in Venus's Atmosphere:The controversial discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is back in the spotlight. Andrew and Fred Watson discuss the latest findings that suggest the presence of phosphine might be more credible than previously thought, thanks to new data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.
- Space Debris: With recent incidents of SpaceTime debris hitting the ground, the issue is becoming more pressing. The Tim discusses the measures being taken to mitigate the risks, particularly focusing on SpaceX's Dragon capsules and their new landing strategies.
- Tribute to David L. Crawford: Reflecting on the life and legacy of David L. Crawford, a pioneer in the fight against light pollution and a strong advocate for dark skies. Fred Watson shares his personal experiences and the significant contributions David made to astronomy and environmental awareness.
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Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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In this episode of Space Nuts, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson discuss various topics in astronomy and space science. They talk about the James Webb Space Telescope capturing a direct photo of an exoplanet that is possibly the oldest and coldest one discovered so far. They also discuss the Perseverance Rover's discovery of leopard spots on rocks on Mars, which could potentially indicate signs of past microbial life. Additionally, they mention the shrinking of Jupiter's Great Red Spot and the challenges of bringing back rocks from Mars for further analysis. In this conversation, Fred and Andrew discuss the life and work of Tycho Brahe, a renowned astronomer from the 16th century. They explore his upbringing, his discovery of astronomy, and his contributions to the field. They also touch on his interest in alchemy and the fate of his castle. The conversation then shifts to the Europa Clipper mission, which aims to study Jupiter's moon Europa and search for signs of life. They discuss the mission's objectives and the instruments it will use. Finally, they address the question of why proto-planets do not become starsthemselves and the gradual loss of Mars' primordial atmosphere.
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Space Nuts Q&A:Gravitons, Dark Matter Twins, and Time Dilation Mysteries
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle listener questions about some of the most intriguing concepts in the universe.
Episode Highlights:
- Gravitons and Gravity: Gus from Issaquah, Washington, poses a thought-provoking question about the relationship between energy, mass, and gravity. Fred delves into the hypothetical particles known as gravitons and discusses their potential mass and the implications for our understanding of the universe.
- Dark Matter Twin:Rich from the UK suggests an intriguing idea: could our sun have a dark matter twin? Fred explores the plausibility of this concept and how it relates to the mysterious Planet Nine and the nature of dark matter.
- Time Dilation and the Early Universe: Sean from British Columbia wonders if time dilation could explain the unexpectedly large and well-formed galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. Fred explains the role of time dilation in cosmology and why it might not be the answer to this particular puzzle.
- Dead Stars: Jane asks how many stars in the observable universe are already dead. Fred discusses the lifespans of various types of stars and the vast number of stars that have already met their end.
- Absolute High Temperature: Anthony from Kilkenny, Ireland, inquires about the concept of an absolute high temperature. Fred clarifies why there isn't an absolute maximum temperature, contrasting it with the well-defined absolute zero.
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... spacenuts.io
Support Space Nutsand join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Mars, Exoplanets, and Spacewalk Solutions
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where they explore the latest discoveries and innovations in space exploration.
Episode Highlights:
- Curiosity's Sulphur Surprise: Discover the unexpected find by the Curiosity rover on Mars—a cluster of rocks revealing pure sulphur crystals. Fred explains the significance of this discovery and the conditions that might have led to the formation of these crystals in Gale Crater.
- Extreme Exoplanet Orbits: Learn about the unique and highly elongated orbit of exoplanet TIC 241-24-9530 b. This planet's orbit could provide insights into the migration patterns of hot Jupiters and the dynamics of planetary systems.
- To Pee or Not to Pee: Uncover the latest advancements in spacewalk technology designed to make life easier for astronauts. Fred and Andrew discuss a new device that collects and filters urine, turning it into drinkable water, and its potential impact on long-duration space missions.
- Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... spacenuts.io.
- Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Black Holes, Luca, and Space Junk
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this fascinating episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into the mysteries of black holes, the origins of life, and the growing concerns about space junk.
Episode Highlights:
- **New Class of Black Hole**: Discover the recently categorised intermediate black hole, its significance, and how it challenges our understanding of these cosmic giants.
- **The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)**: Explore the origins of life on Earth and the surprising discovery that life's common ancestor is older than previously thought.
- **Space Junk Concerns**: Uncover the latest incidents involving space debris and the growing risks they pose to life and property on Earth.

Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... [spacenuts.io]
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Space Nuts Q&A: Virtual Particles, Black Hole Spin, and Black Hole CollisionsJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this intriguing Q&A edition of Space Nuts, where they delve into the mysteries of black holes and virtual particles.Episode Highlights:- **Virtual Particles Explained**: Listener Martin from the Wirral near Liverpool asks about the nature of virtual particles and their role in Hawking radiation. Fred provides clarity on this complex topic and the ongoing debate about their existence.- **What Spins in a Black Hole?**: Michael from Evanston, Illinois, is curious about what exactly spins in a black hole. Fred explains the concept of angular momentum and how it applies to these enigmatic cosmic objects.- **Black Hole Collisions**: Josh from Pennsylvania wonders if two supermassive black holes colliding could result in a piece breaking off. Fred discusses the nature of black hole mergers and why bits of black holes don't break off.

Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... [spacenuts.io]
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Space Nuts Episode 431: James Webb Discoveries, Space Junk, and Ocean WorldsJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this exciting episode of Space Nuts, where they explore the latest in space science and astronomy.
Episode Highlights:- James Webb Space Telescope Discovery: The James Webb Space Telescope has captured images from a time when the universe was only 3% of its current age. Fred and Andrew discuss the significance of this discovery and the stunning images of star clusters in the cosmic gems arc.
- Space Junk Hits Home: Space junk re-entered Earth's atmosphere and struck a house in Florida. Discover the details of this near-disaster and the legal implications for NASA.
- Life in Ocean Worlds: Could life exist in the hydrothermal vents of ocean worlds like Europa and Enceladus? A new study suggests it's possible. Fred dives into the research and what it means for the search for extraterrestrial life.
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... spacenuts.io.
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe.
Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Space Nuts Q&A: Black Holes, Voyager 1, and Atmospheric TubesJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A edition of Space Nuts, where they tackle intriguing questions from listeners Geoff, Paddy, and Oliver. From the mysteries of black holes to the adventures of Voyager 1, this episode is packed with cosmic insights.Episode Highlights:- **Black Holes and Radiation**: Young listener Oliver from Queensland poses a fascinating question about why radiation from black holes doesn't get sucked back in and whether black holes could be creating dark energy. Fred explains the concept of Hawking radiation and delves into the theories connecting black holes to dark energy.- **Voyager 1's Journey**: Paddy from Northern Ireland asks about cosmic rays, the recent drama with Voyager 1, and how NASA manages to communicate with such a distant spacecraft. Fred discusses the nature of cosmic rays, the shielding effect of Earth's atmosphere, and the impressive technology of the Deep Space Network.- **Atmospheric Tubes**: Geoff from the Isle of Wight presents a "what if" scenario involving a magic pipe extending into space. Fred explores the physics behind atmospheric pressure and gravitational pull, explaining why such a pipe wouldn't suck out Earth's atmosphere
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website... [spacenuts.io](https://www.spacenuts.io).

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Space Nuts Episode: Boeing Starliner, Titan's Coastal Erosion, and Dark Matter InfluenceSpace Nuts Episode: Boeing Starliner, Titan's Coastal Erosion, and Dark Matter Influence. Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this riveting episode of Space Nuts, where they delve into the latest space science and astronomy news.
Episode Highlights:- Boeing Starliner Update: The Boeing Starliner faces new challenges, this time with its return to Earth. Fred and Andrew discuss the issues with the thrusters and the cautious approach by NASA and Boeing to ensure the astronauts' safe return.
- Titan's Coastal Erosion: Discover the latest findings on Titan, the only other body in our solar system with a liquid surface. The duo explores how coastal erosion on Titan might be driven by waves, similar to Earth, and what this means for our understanding of this intriguing moon.
- Moon Formation: Fred explains the latest research on where moons are most likely to form, with a focus on rocky planets. Learn about the theories behind moon formation and why our own moon might be a rarity.
- Dark Matter Influence: Dark matter is back in the news with new research questioning our understanding of its influence on galaxies. Fred discusses the latest findings and what they mean for the future of dark matter research.
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website for our Q&A episodes....available Mondays... spacenuts.io.
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Space Nuts Q&A: Dark Matter, Big Bang, and Sci-Fi TechJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A edition of Space Nuts, where they address intriguing questions from listeners Michael, Rennie, Joseph, and Ralph. From the mysterious nature of dark matter to the energetic comparison between the Big Bang and supernovas, this episode is packed with cosmic insights.Episode Highlights:- Dark Matter: Michael from Illinois asks if dark matter could be the fabric of space-time. Fred explains why dark matter warps space rather than being the fabric itself and delves into the ongoing search for its true nature.
- Sci-Fi Tech: Michael also inquires about technological advances from science fiction that could become reality. Fred and Andrew discuss space elevators, warp speed travel, and the manipulation of gravity.
- Big Bang vs. Supernovas: Rennie Traub wants to know how the energy of the Big Bang compares to the most powerful supernovas or gamma-ray bursts. Fred highlights the vast difference in energy levels, with the Big Bang being incomparably more powerful.
- Primordial Black Holes: Joseph from Melbourne asks if primordial black holes could explain recent James Webb images of enormous distant black holes and if they could account for dark matter. Fred explores the possibilities and recent research on this topic.
- The Three-Body Problem: Ralph seeks advice on navigating the complex book series "The Three-Body Problem" and shares updates on its adaptation into a TV series.
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website...spacenuts.io.Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Weird Mars Rock, Anti-Ageing in Space, and Asteroid CollisionsJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this fascinating episode of Space Nuts, where they delve into the latest discoveries and phenomena in space science and astronomy.Episode Highlights:- Weird Mars Rock: The Perseverance rover has discovered a peculiar rock on Mars that stands out like a sore thumb. Identified as an anorthosite, this unusual rock could offer insights into Mars' crust and its geological history.
- Anti-Ageing Effects of Space Travel: A civilian space mission has revealed surprising health benefits of space travel, including the lengthening of telomeres, which are associated with anti-ageing. Fred and Andrew discuss the implications and potential future studies.
- James Webb Space Telescope: The James Webb Space Telescope has observed an asteroid collision in the Beta Pictoris system. This discovery provides a glimpse into the chaotic early stages of solar system formation.
Don't forget to send us your questions via our website...spacenuts.io.
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe.Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Space Nuts Episode: NASA's New AR Toy, Star Trek Illusion, and Euclid's Orphan Stars
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts as they explore the latest in space science and astronomy. From NASA's innovative social media tools to the intriguing discoveries by the Euclid space telescope, there's something for every space enthusiast.
Episode Highlights:
- NASA's Augmented Realityfor Instagram: Learn about NASA's new AR tool for Instagram users, designed to bring the wonders of the universe to your screen in a whole new dimension. Fred and Andrew discuss the impact and potential of this exciting technology.
- Star Trek Illusion: Discover the disappointing truth behind the star that was supposed to host the planet Vulcan from Star Trek. Fred explains the recent findings that debunk the existence of this fictional planet.
- Euclid Space Telescope's Orphan Stars: The first images from the Euclid space telescope have revealed a surprising number of orphan stars. Fred delves into the significance of this discovery and what it means for our understanding of the universe.
- Rogue Planets in the Milky Way: Euclid's mission also uncovers rogue planets within the Orion Nebula. Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of these free-floating planets and the ongoing search for Planet Nine.
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Space Nuts Episode:Space Junk, Gravity Waves, and Solar Eclipses
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A edition of Space Nuts, where they tackle a variety of intriguing questions from listeners around the globe.
Episode Highlights:
-**Space Junk**: Pete from Mamong Point raises concerns about the long-term effects of burning up space debris in Earth's atmosphere. Fred discusses the implications and complexities of space junk management, including the concept of "graveyard orbits" and the infamous Point Nemo.
- **Gravity Waves**: Philip from Australia, originally from Glasgow, delves into the nature of gravity waves and their composition. Fred explains the concept of spacetime distortion and how gravitational waves propagate through the fabric of the universe.
- **Matter and Energy**: Giego from Slovakia questions whether vacuum energy could be converted into matter, creating new matter that wasn't present since the Big Bang. Fred provides a detailed explanation on the conversion of energy to matter and the role of dark energy.
- **Solar Eclipses**: Beverly from Texas shares her excitement about witnessing her first total solar eclipse and asks Fred and Andrew about their experiences. Fred recounts his memorable eclipse viewings and the emotional impact of this celestial phenomenon.
00:00:00 This is a Q and a edition of Space Nuts
00:01:09 Fred and Andrew ask two questions about gravity on today's show
00:08:12 In recent weeks, there's been multiple mentions of space debris burning up
00:14:27 NordVPN details: Virtual private network helps protect online activities from hackers and scammers
00:18:05 Could vacuum energy be converted into matter with expanding universe
00:21:27 Beverly from Texas hopes to see a total solar eclipse soon
00:22:16 Fred, how many total eclipses have you seen in person
00:29:54 Episode wrap
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Space Nuts Episode: Earth-Like Exoplanets, Alien Megastructures, and Space NoiseJoin Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this thrilling episode of Space Nuts as they delve into the latest discoveries and challenges in space science. From the discovery of an Earth-like exoplanet to the search for alien megastructures, this episode promises to be a cosmic journey you won't want to miss.
Episode Highlights:- Earth-Like Exoplanet Discovery: An Australian-Scottish collaboration has discovered an exoplanet that closely resembles Earth in size and is located in the habitable zone of its star. Learn about its potential for hosting liquid water and the exciting future possibilities for imaging this distant world.
- Space Noise Threat to SKA: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope faces challenges from satellite noise. Fred discusses the efforts to mitigate these issues and the ongoing collaboration between astronomers and the satellite industry to protect this significant investment in radio astronomy.
- Search for Alien Megastructures: Could Dyson spheres exist? Fred and Andrew explore the latest research and debate the feasibility of such megastructures, considering the immense material and energy requirements involved.

Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson for another enlightening episode of Space Nuts Q&A. This week, we tackle a variety of listener questions that delve into the fascinating intricacies of space science and astronomy.
First, we revisit a question from Alan about the detectability of light at one candle power of an LED in space. Fred breaks down the calculations and assumptions, providing insights into how far such a light source would be visible, even with the Hubble Telescope.
Next, Nate from Queensland asks about bolometric luminosity and its implications for predicting changes in stars, such as supernovae. Fred explains the concept of bolometric measurements, the use of bolometers, and whether there's a standard way to predict changes in a star's luminosity.
David from Melbourne brings up Hawking radiation and its potential connection to dark matter and dark energy. Fred clarifies the nature of Hawking radiation and discusses recent research linking black holes to dark energy, albeit without involving Hawking radiation.
Martin from Maryland poses a question about the hazards of near-light-speed travel for spacecraft and their biospheres. Fred explores the potential dangers, including nuclear interactions and radiation, that could arise from such high-speed travel.
Finally, Ryan from Delaware inquires about the feasibility of refuelling or repairing the James Webb Space Telescope. Fred explains the challenges due to its location at the L2 point and the economic considerations that make such missions unlikely.
Tune in to this episode of Space Nuts for these intriguing discussions and more. Your questions drive the conversation, so keep them coming!
00:00:00 Professor Fred Watson answers questions on this episode of Space Nuts
00:01:54 How far away could you see one candle power led with the Hubble telescope
00:06:00 Nate from Queensland asks some questions about volumetric luminosity
00:07:20 Bolometric brightness is the brightness of something measured over its whole spectrum
00:13:50 Is hawking radiation anything to do with dark matter or dark energy
00:15:54 What are the major hazards to spacecraft as they approach relativistic speeds
00:21:10 Ryan from Delaware has a question about the James Webb space telescope
00:27:58 Andrew: Thanks to everybody who contributed this week to Space Nuts q and a
00:29:15 This podcast is available on iTunes, Spotify and iHeartRadio
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this captivating episode of Space Nuts as they explore some of the most intriguing phenomena in space science.First up, zebrafish are making waves in orbit! These tiny aquanauts are part of a Chinese space mission on the Tiangong space station. Discover why zebrafish are ideal candidates for space research and what their genetic similarities to humans could reveal about the effects of zero gravity on biological organisms.Next, delve into the mystery of the cold spot in space, a peculiar anomaly within the cosmic microwave background radiation. Fred explains the significance of this cold spot, its potential causes, and why it challenges our understanding of the universe's isotropy. Could a giant cosmic void be the culprit, or is there another explanation lurking in the cosmos?Additionally, the duo discusses the exciting progress of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, featuring the world's largest digital camera, which promises to revolutionise our view of the night sky. Learn about its remarkable capabilities and the potential discoveries it could unveil, including the elusive Planet Nine.
00:00:00 This is space nuts, where we talk astronomy and space science
00:01:54 The camera for the Vera C. Rubin telescope telescope has been delivered
00:07:19 Zebrafish on Chinese space station for research into effects of space on fish
00:12:46 Andrew Dunkley: Scientists trying to make aquariums in space self-sustainable
00:15:22 Fred says there's a cold spot in space caused by cosmic microwave background radiation
00:24:00 Cold spots in the cosmic microwave background radiation are not unusual
00:29:27 There's so much going on in the world of space
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson for another riveting Q&A edition of Space Nuts. This episode dives into some fascinating listener questions that challenge our understanding of space and science.First up, Mikey from Illinois poses a thought-provoking question: Can we drink water from the moon or Mars? Andrew and Fred explore the potential risks and benefits of consuming extraterrestrial water, including the presence of unknown substances and the impact of heavy water isotopes.Next, Sean from Nottingham inquires about the Nemesis theory, asking whether there could be a small sun or neutron star in our solar system, possibly linked to the elusive Planet Nine. Fred delves into the history and current standing of this hypothesis, examining its implications for mass extinctions and the structure of our solar system.Finally, Rusty from Donnybrook raises a question about the Hubble constant and whether the interstellar medium might be affecting the measurements of standard candles, leading to discrepancies in the universe's expansion rate. Fred explains the intricacies of this cosmic conundrum and why astronomers have considered and largely ruled out this possibility.

From the safety of lunar water to the mysteries of distant stars and the expanding universe, this episode of Space Nuts promises to ignite your curiosity and expand your cosmic knowledge. Tune in and join the conversation!

00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley answers audience questions on Space Nuts Q and a edition
00:01:29 When we get to moon and Mars, should we drink contaminated water
00:09:32 Fred asks whether small sun in solar system could be planet nine
00:16:32 Recent scientific analysis no longer supports the nemesis hypothesis, NASA says
00:19:13 Is it possible that the interstellar medium is causing standard candles to lose intensity
00:26:51 Fred Watson: Andrew, thanks for hosting the Space Nuts podcast
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar voyage by visiting our support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.

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Embark on a celestial journey with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this episode of Space Nuts, where they explore a variety of space phenomena that are as intriguing as they are mysterious. Firstly, they discuss Blue Origin's return to the stars with NS-25, a mission that marked a triumphant comeback after technical setbacks. The flight not only signifies Blue Origin's resilience but also the inspirational story of Ed Dwight, the first African-American astronaut candidate, who at 90 years old, set a record as the oldest person to reach space.Next, the conversation lightens with the discovery of a planet with the consistency of fairy floss, also known as cotton candy or candy floss. WASP-193b, a gas giant that defies the norms of density and composition, leaves astronomers scratching their heads. How does a planet become so 'fluffy'? What could it possibly be made of? These are the questions that Andrew and Fred ponder as they delve into the mysteries of planet formation.Lastly, the duo discusses the gravitational wave background in the universe, likening it to the cosmic microwave background radiation. They explore how pulsar timing arrays are providing new insights into the 'hiss' of gravitational waves created by countless cosmic events, offering a deeper understanding of the universe's dynamic fabric.From record-breaking astronauts to cotton candy planets and the cosmic symphony of gravitational waves, this episode of Space Nuts is packed with astronomical wonders that will leave you in awe. Tune in and let your curiosity soar to the farthest reaches of space.00:00:00 This is Space Nuts, where we talk astronomy and space science
00:01:12 Professor Fred Watson discusses eating fairy floss with a moustache
00:02:10 Bright flash in the sky over Europe turned out to be comet
00:05:55 Ed Dwight was the first astronaut of colour to be selected by NASA
00:10:10 This is a newly discovered planet, or newly identified planet
00:17:14 Planet in orbit around red dwarf star 1200 light years away
00:21:06 Fred: Some work is being done on background gravitational waves
00:28:17 Fred Watson: People are fascinated by gravitational waves because of mystery 
Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar voyage by visiting our support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
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Prepare to have your mind stretched to the cosmic limits in this Q&A episode of Space Nuts. Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson answer a selection of thought-provoking questions sent in by our curious listeners, tackling the mysteries of light, the concept of a holographic universe, and the challenges of interstellar travel.
First up, Alan from Medicine Hat, Canada, wonders how far light from an LED with one candle power can travel before it becomes undetectable by space telescopes. The duo discusses the persistence of light and the factors that influence our ability to observe its journey through the cosmos.
Next, Charles probes the perplexing theory of a holographic universe, questioning whether our three-dimensional experience is merely a projection from a two-dimensional boundary. Andrew and Fred unravel the theoretical underpinnings of this mind-bending concept and its implications for our understanding of reality.
The conversation then accelerates to relativistic speeds with Craig from sunny Merimbula, NSW, asking how fast a spacecraft must travel before encountering drag in the sparse medium of space. They also consider the potential hazards of high-speed collisions with cosmic dust and gas, pondering the aerodynamic and navigational challenges that would arise.
From the eternal voyage of light to the enigmatic nature of our universe and the theoretical speed limits of space travel, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic conundrum of astronomical proportions. Tune in as Andrew and Fred navigate through the universe's most intriguing puzzles.
00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley answers questions about light on this edition of Space Nuts
00:01:38 First question comes from Alan from Medicine Hat, Canada
00:03:44 There is no known limit to how far light can travel
00:06:03 Charles: What do you think of the theory that we live in a holographic universe
00:13:46 If all universes are expanding, would they eventually overlap
00:17:41 Craig Miller calls from sunny Merimbula in New South Wales
00:19:03 How much speed would drag depend on the concentration of particles in space

Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar quest by visiting our support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the enigmas of the universe.

Clear skies and cosmic queries await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.

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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they embark on another fascinating journey through the cosmos in the latest episode of Space Nuts. In this installment, the duo delves into a myriad of space phenomena, starting with the most significant solar flare in nearly a decade. They discuss the stunning auroral displays that resulted from this solar outburst and the potential impacts such events can have on our technology.Next, they celebrate a milestone for the Mars rover Perseverance, which has spent over 1000 days (or sols) on the Red Planet. The conversation explores the significance of the samples collected by Perseverance, including those that may contain ancient signs of life, and the future plans for their retrieval.The episode then propels into the future of space travel with NASA's innovative plasma rocket concept, which promises to cut travel time to Mars significantly. Andrew and Fred unpack the potential of this high-efficiency propulsion system and what it could mean for human exploration of the Red Planet.Finally, the pair examines a colossal protoplanetary disc discovery, the largest ever observed, which could herald the formation of some of the most massive planets we've ever seen. They ponder the possibilities of planet formation, the emergence of life, and the long-term evolution of these cosmic systems.From solar spectacles and Martian milestones to revolutionary rockets and planetary potential, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic cornucopia of astronomical insights. Tune in and let your imagination soar as we continue to uncover the secrets of the universe.
00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley talks about budgets and dog issues on this week's Space Nuts
00:02:31 The biggest solar flare in nearly a decade has just passed over the earth
00:06:58 Perseverance mission to look for signs of past life on Mars
00:14:22 Andrew Freedman says he could rerelease World War One audio under Australian copyright
00:16:49 A proposed plasma rocket would cut the travel time to Mars to two months
00:24:09 Fred: Have you seen a house before they build it
00:25:47 New infrared observations show giant edge on protoplanetary disc
00:32:10 Space Nuts podcast available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify and iHeartRadio

Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar voyage by visiting our support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.


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Prepare for a cosmic deep dive into the enigmatic world of black holes and stellar mysteries on this Q&A episode of Space Nuts. 
Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson answer burning questions from the Space Nuts community, starting with a head-scratcher about black holes and magnetic fields. Can these gravitational giants possess magnetic fields, and if so, how do they influence the spectacular jets seen emanating from quasars? The duo untangles the complex relationship between rotation, charge, and magnetism.
Next, Pete from sunny Sheffield queries the stellar classification mnemonic "Oh, Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me" and its implications. How do the proportions of these star types stack up in the Milky Way, and do these ratios hold true across other galaxies? The conversation illuminates the cosmic census of star types, from the rare, scorching O stars to the ubiquitous, cooler M dwarfs.
Listeners also get a personal touch as Michael from Kent inquires about Fred's most standout project over his illustrious career. Fred shares insights into his contributions to groundbreaking surveys and reminisces about the influential projects that have shaped our understanding of the universe.
Rounding off the episode, Rusty from Donnybrook seeks to understand why fogbows are white rather than exhibiting the vibrant hues of a typical rainbow. The answer lies in the intricate interplay of light refraction, dispersion, and the often-overlooked diffraction in tiny water droplets.
From the nature of magnetic fields in the abyss of black holes to the distribution of stars across the cosmos, this episode of Space Nuts is a treasure trove of astronomical knowledge. Tune in as Andrew and Fred navigate the celestial curiosities that keep us gazing skyward with wonder.
00:00:00 Professor Fred Watson answers your questions on this edition of Space Nuts
00:02:31 Robert from the Netherlands says black holes do not have a magnetic field
00:09:15 Three questions from Pete Ellinger on different types of stars
00:15:08 Metallicity, the amount of iron in a star, varies across galaxies
00:16:59 If there was a project that you could have worked on past or present, what
00:25:21 The hippie telescope was a big leap forward from the existing telescope
00:25:47 Final question, Fred, comes from Rusty in Donnybrook about fog bows
Support Space Nuts and join us on this journey through the stars by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Your contributions help us continue our mission to answer the universe's most perplexing questions.

Clear skies and boundless curiosity await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.

Embark on a lunar adventure with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this episode of Space Nuts, as they delve into the challenges and innovations surrounding our celestial neighbor, the Moon. First up, the duo discusses the recent setbacks of Boeing's Starliner, a spacecraft that faced yet another delay just moments before its much-anticipated launch. What went wrong this time, and what does it mean for the future of crewed missions?Next, they illuminate the idea of using mirrors to shine sunlight into the permanently shadowed craters of the Moon's South Pole. With the potential of harvesting water ice for resources, could this reflective solution be the key to sustaining future lunar bases?Then, celebrate a special anniversary with the team as they highlight ten years of HIPPI, the High Precision Polarimetric Instrument, and its incredible contributions to astronomy. From tracking magnetic fields in distant galaxies to the possibility of detecting rainbows on exoplanets, HIPPI's decade of discovery is truly something to cheer about.Finally, the conversation turns to Earth as Andrew and Fred explore how satellites are revolutionizing agriculture by predicting crop yields from space. This technology holds promise for farmers around the globe, especially in the face of changing climate conditions.From the intricacies of space technology to the practical applications of satellite data, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic journey that connects the farthest reaches of the universe to the down-to-earth matters of daily life. Tune in and let your curiosity take flight.00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley: Space nuts podcast about astronomy and space science
00:01:30 Launch of Boeing Starliner scheduled for Friday has been scrubbed
00:04:47 Andrew Webb: There's a lot of interest in the moon right now
00:10:41 A valley in Norway has a mirror that doesn't see the sun
00:14:56 Andrew Dunkley: Hipie is the high precision polarimetric instrument
00:20:45 Polarising sunglasses can detect rainbows with incredibly high precision
00:25:40 Fred Geyer explores the use of satellites to predict crop yieldsSupport Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar voyage by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. Don't miss out on future episodes as we continue to decode the universe's grandest puzzles. Clear skies and bold questions await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.

Prepare for an interstellar Q&A session with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson on this episode of Space Nuts. We're answering cosmic queries from the Space Nuts audience, starting with James's fascination with the elusive Planet Nine. Could this potential new member of our solar system already have a name waiting in the wings, or will its discoverer have the honor of christening it?Next, Lloyd from Cairns wonders about celestial smash-ups, but not the kind involving black holes or neutron stars. What happens when ordinary stars collide? Do they dance a destructive tango, or can they merge into something grander? The duo delves into the fiery fates of these stellar encounters.Rennie probes the electromagnetic forces at play in the universe, from the behavior of light to the magnetic fields of galaxies. What role does electromagnetism play on other planets, and what happens to worlds lacking this fundamental force? Fred illuminates the subject with his astrophysical expertise.Finally, Ron poses a thought-provoking question: If alien scientists were observing Earth, could they detect signs of life from afar? And conversely, could we spot the telltale signs of extraterrestrial existence on a distant exoplanet? The answers might just redefine our search for cosmic companions.From naming planets to star collisions, electromagnetic enigmas, and the search for life beyond Earth, this episode of Space Nuts is an exploration of the curiosities that light up our universe. Tune in for these mind-expanding discussions and remember to send in your astronomical questions for a chance to be featured on the show.Support our cosmic journey by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. Your contributions help us continue our mission to unravel the mysteries of the stars. Until next time, keep your eyes on the skies and your curiosity boundless.00:00:00 Questions from James, Lloyd and Ron on this episode of Space Nuts
00:01:13 Andrew and Fred met Kate and Jeremy on the Canadian train for the eclipse
00:03:04 Andrew: Get your iPad to read the book rather than struggling through it
00:05:38 Planet nine, should such a thing be discovered? Or would the individual decide
00:12:48 Do normal everyday stars like our sun ever collide and what do they create
00:16:54 Do galaxies as a whole have electromagnetism
00:23:14 If scientists in distant solar system were searching for exoplanets using modern technology
00:30:08 Send us your questions via our website, spacenutspodcast. comSpace Nuts – your ticket to the universe. Join us each week as we make the cosmos your backyard

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Dive into the cosmic unknown with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson on this episode of Space Nuts, as they explore the latest hiccups of the venerable Hubble Space Telescope. Despite its unparalleled success over the past 34 years, Hubble is once more grappling with gyroscopic glitches that threaten to reduce its celestial observations' efficiency. Can NASA engineers coax Hubble back to its full cosmic potential?Next, join the duo as they delve into the mystery of the fastest spinning asteroid ever discovered, 2024 BX1. Detected a mere three hours before it streaked through Earth's atmosphere, this diminutive space rock has set a new record for rapid rotation, completing a turn every 2.6 seconds. Learn how meteorite hunters in Poland managed to snag fragments of this celestial speedster, offering us a rare close-up of an asteroidal visitor.Finally, Andrew and Fred illuminate the perplexing world of gamma-ray bursts, those enigmatic flashes of light that outshine entire galaxies in mere seconds. With a new breakthrough in understanding their light curves, scientists are unraveling the symmetrical patterns of these bursts, revealing insights into the relativistic jets that propel them across the universe. Could this be the key to decoding one of the cosmos' most powerful phenomena?From the trials of Hubble to the swift twirl of an asteroid and the cryptic luminance of gamma-ray bursts, this episode of Space Nuts is a journey through the marvels and mysteries of our vast universe. Tune in and let your imagination soar to the farthest reaches of space and time.00:00:00 This is Space nuts. Coming up on this episode, Hubble having trouble again
00:02:31 Gyros at the Hubble space telescope have failed again but it's not fatal
00:07:38 An asteroid was detected 3 hours before it hit the earth's atmosphere
00:13:58 Professor Fred Watson says meteorite fragments were found before it hit earth
00:15:49 Gamma ray bursts were discovered accidentally in 1967 but scientists have been studying them since
00:20:20 Gamma ray bursts also have light curves which are completely symmetrical
00:26:46 Fred Dunkley: FRBs release huge amounts of energy in a short timeSupport Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar voyage by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. Don't miss out on future episodes as we continue to decode the universe's grandest puzzles. Clear skies and bold questions await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.

Prepare to illuminate the mysteries of cosmic luminescence with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this enlightening Q&A episode of Space Nuts. Our stellar duo navigates the void to answer Lee from New York's luminary question: How much light is there in space? Could we see Voyager 1 in its distant travels, or would it merely be a shadow against the cosmic tapestry? Fred sheds light on the subject, revealing the surprising capabilities of the human eye in the darkest reaches.
Next, Fenton from Minnesota proposes an ingenious method for shielding astronauts from the relentless radiation beyond the Van Allen Belts. Could a miniaturized version of these protective fields be the key to safe space exploration? Fred unpacks the complexities of cosmic radiation and the futuristic technologies that might one day safeguard our interstellar voyagers.
Robert from Vienna ponders a parallel universe where our moon is not the cratered time capsule we know, but an icy or hazy sphere like Europa or Titan. Would our understanding of the solar system's history be drastically different? And would astronauts have dared to tread on such enigmatic surfaces? The answers might just surprise you.
Finally, Duncan from Weymouth queries the nomenclature of the outer planets, challenging the distinction between 'ice giants' and 'rock giants.' Fred clarifies the frosty moniker, explaining why Uranus and Neptune's chilly atmospheres earn them this cool classification.
From the potency of starlight to the protective puzzles of space travel, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic cornucopia of knowledge. Remember to share your own astronomical inquiries via the Space Nuts website, and join us as we continue to unravel the universe's most perplexing enigmas. Until we next embark on our celestial sojourn, keep pondering the heavens and stay tuned for more galactic revelations.
Support our journey through the cosmos by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. Your support helps us keep the starlight shining on these interstellar discussions. Until the next transmission, keep your telescopes trained and your curiosity alight.

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Embark on an astronomical adventure with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in the latest episode of Space Nuts, where they celebrate a historic moment for Australia with the announcement of the nation's first female astronaut, Catherine Bennell Pegg. Discover her remarkable journey to the stars and the aspirations she harbors for future Australian spacefarers.
Then, take a volcanic voyage to Jupiter's moon Io with Juno's latest flybys, revealing a lava lake in Loki Patera so vast and smooth it mirrors the gas giant itself. Marvel at the newly dubbed Steeple Mountain, a geological spire that evokes Earth's own gothic cathedrals, and ponder the mysterious forces sculpting Io's tumultuous terrain.
The episode continues to probe the secrets of the Solar System as Juno also sheds light on Jupiter's elusive water content, challenging previous theories about the giant planet's formation. And finally, the duo turns their gaze to Mars, where a new theory suggests that humans may inadvertently be unearthing the Red Planet's methane mysteries with the tread of rovers.
From celebrating trailblazing astronauts to unraveling the enigmas of alien worlds, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic journey not to be missed. Tune in for these interstellar stories, and remember to bring your curiosity as we explore the wonders of our universe.
Support the podcast and unlock a universe of knowledge by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. Don't forget to subscribe for more deep space discoveries and celestial insights with Space Nuts, where the cosmos is just a play button away. Until our next cosmic rendezvous, keep your eyes to the skies and your questions at the ready.

And for your daily space news fix, check out the team at our sister podcast 'Astronomy Daily the Podcast. Available wherever you get podcasts or stream from the website at www.astronomydaily.io

Journey through the cosmic conundrums and celestial curiosities in this riveting Q&A edition of Space Nuts. Join host Andrew Dunkley and the ever-enlightening Professor Fred Watson as they tackle a smorgasbord of listener questions that will leave you contemplating the vastness of the universe.
First on the docket, Jose from California stirs the space-time pot with a heady question about the nature of black holes and their role in birthing universes. Could the Big Bang have been a supernova from another realm? Is our universe expanding within the event horizon of a colossal black hole? Fred weighs in on these tantalizing theories, sharing insights that may just expand your mind faster than the universe itself.
Next, Alan probes the cosmic forge, wondering how the chaos of supernovae could lead to the concentrated caches of gold and other heavy metals we find on Earth. Fred demystifies the process, explaining how gravity and planet formation turn stellar detritus into the precious lodes we treasure.
Then, Justin from Brisbane ponders the uniqueness of Earth amidst the ever-growing catalog of exoplanets. As we discover more worlds, each more bizarre than the last, could it be that our pale blue dot is truly one of a kind? The discussion delves into the Fermi Paradox and the rarity of life's complex leap from single cells to sentient beings.
Lastly, James presents a duo of hypotheticals that challenge the limits of science fiction and science fact. Can we reverse gravity by reversing time? And could we engineer a magnetosphere on an asteroid like Psyche? Fred's responses to these queries are sure to electrify your imagination.
From the theoretical to the astronomical, this episode of Space Nuts is a cosmic buffet of brain food. Remember to send your own stargazing stumpers and interstellar inquiries via the Space Nuts website, and keep your ears tuned for more galactic greatness. Until next time, let the universe inspire wonder, and keep looking up!
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Prepare for liftoff with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson on this thrilling installment of Space Nuts, as they recount Fred's astronomical escapades across the US, complete with eclipses, rocket launches, and the unexpected excitement of space junk crashing through a Floridian roof. Fred's journey is a celestial enthusiast's dream, featuring a spectacular total solar eclipse in Texas, a snowy adventure in Canada, and a close encounter with the northern lights.
But the cosmic wonders don't stop there. The duo dives into the discovery of the most massive stellar black hole yet found in our galaxy, a behemoth 33 times the mass of our sun, a mere 2,000 light-years away. This revelation challenges our understanding of stellar evolution and the formation of black holes, leaving astronomers pondering the mysteries of our cosmic backyard.
From the awe-inspiring vastness of black holes to the personal tales of stargazing and aurora hunting, this episode offers a universe of discovery. Don't miss out on the latest astronomical insights and Fred's interstellar journey that's sure to leave you starstruck.
Remember to subscribe and follow Space Nuts for more deep space tales and intergalactic insights. Until next time, keep your eyes on the cosmos and your mind open to the endless possibilities of the universe.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support. or Patreon, Supercast or Apple Podcasts. Details on our website - Supporters Page.
 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Professor Fred Watson returns from trip to North America fully jet lagged
(02:40) Fred Watson uses his iPhone to take photographs of aurora in Canada
(06:32) Fred Watson went to Houston for the total solar eclipse in 1970
(11:27) Andrew Gannadar watched SpaceX Falcon nine rocket launch from Orlando hotel
(15:34) A gentleman in Florida had something come through his roof
(17:51) Talking about the ISS brings back memories of our 1960s trip to Kennedy
(18:33) Life size replica of Hubble space telescope at Kennedy Space Centre
(22:52) Most massive stellar black hole yet found in our galaxy
(24:27) Scientists detect massive black hole in sky using Gaia mission
(30:29) Andrew Dunkley welcomes Fred Watson back to the Space Nuts podcast

In this episode of Space Nuts Q&A, Andrew and Fred answer questions about supernovae, 3D printed telescopes, the Voyager space probe missions, and the possibility of using particle collision in space. They discuss how supernovae explosions do not blow away the gravitational field and how neutron stars develop as a result. They also provide insights into 3D printed telescopes and suggest that beginners may find it easier to start with an off-the-shelf telescope. They talk about the trajectory and potential fate of the Voyager spacecraft and discuss the challenges of building particle colliders in space. Overall, they provide informative and engaging answers to the audience's questions. Takeaways   Supernovae explosions do not blow away the gravitational field because gravity is associated with mass. The explosion only affects the outer envelope of the star, while the core collapses to become a neutron star. 3D printed telescopes can be a good option for beginners, but it may be easier to start with an off-the-shelf telescope. 3D printed telescopes require more components and may involve more fiddling around. The Voyager spacecraft will continue on their current trajectories and are not expected to pass near any star systems within human lifetimes. However, if they were near enough to Earth, they could be detectable by extraterrestrial intelligence. Building particle colliders in space is challenging due to the need for precise guidance and the high velocities of the particles. It may be more cost-effective and realistic to continue building particle colliders on Earth. The fate of the Voyager spacecraft is uncertain, but they could potentially be captured into orbit around another star or collide with other objects. They will likely outlast our species and continue on their trajectories away from the solar system. Chapters   00:00 Volcanic Features and Pyroclastic Deposits 00:28 Q&A: Supernovas and Neutron Stars 07:03 Q&A: 3D Printable Telescopes 11:07 Q&A: Voyager Space Probe Missions 15:12 Q&A: Particle Collisions and Voyager's Fate

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Embark on a cosmic odyssey with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they unravel the mysteries of the universe's expansion and unearth a colossal Martian secret in this episode of Space Nuts. Dive into the perplexing debate over the universe's expansion rate, as new findings from the James Webb Space Telescope reignite the Hubble tension. With precision cosmology at our fingertips, discover why the universe's growth spurs more questions than answers, leaving us to ponder the potential for undiscovered physics that could reshape our cosmic understanding.
Then, join the expedition to Mars where a hidden giant lay dormant until now. The discovery of a monstrous volcano, nestled in the labyrinthine Noctis Labyrinthus, has scientists buzzing with excitement. Towering over 9,000 meters with a footprint spanning 450 kilometers, this Martian marvel could hold vital clues to the planet's fiery past and icy secrets beneath its surface. As explorers eye this volcanic behemoth as a future landing site, the prospects of unlocking Mars' ancient mysteries have never been more alluring.
From the enigmatic expansion of the cosmos to the volcanic vistas of Mars, this episode is a treasure trove for space enthusiasts and cosmic detectives. Tune in and let your imagination soar to new interstellar heights with Space Nuts. Remember to subscribe and follow us for more celestial tales and astronomical adventures. Until our next galactic gathering, keep your eyes to the skies and your heart in the stars.
🚀 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Andrew Dunkley introduces the cosmic conundrums
(05:12) The Hubble tension and the universe's expansion speed
(11:34) Professor Fred Watson discusses the James Webb Space Telescope's findings
(18:20) Unveiling the newly discovered Martian volcano
(24:45) The potential of Mars' glacial ice and future explorations
(28:57) Wrapping up with a look ahead to Space Nuts Q&A
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Strap in for an astronomical journey as Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson return to answer your burning cosmic questions in this enlightening episode of Space Nuts. Beam up to the cosmos as we tackle the challenges of snapping photos at supersonic speeds with the Breakthrough Starshot project. Viano from Florence brings into focus the hurdles of capturing clear images of distant planets when traveling at a third the speed of light. Could the blur of speed and the distortion of space-time leave us with just a glimpse of Proxima Centauri's secrets?
Next, we delve into the cosmic dance of celestial bodies. Brady from Florida, with a front-row seat to rocket launches, ponders the possibility of a moon having its own moon. Could a satellite's satellite exist, or are the gravitational tugs within our solar system too much for such a delicate balance? Professor Watson explains the intricate gravitational ballet that determines these cosmic relationships.
Then, Scott from Oregon opens a window into the fascinating world of triple star systems with a question about HD 110067. How can stars so far apart still be considered gravitationally bound? Discover the cosmic ties that bind these stellar companions across vast distances.
And for a bonus, we tackle an impromptu query from Dean about the Hubble Space Telescope's remarkable ability to maintain steady images while orbiting Earth. The secret lies in the dance of gyroscopes, but how long can this celestial photography session last?
From interstellar photography to the gravitational waltz of moons and stars, this episode is packed with insights into the mechanics of our universe. Remember to send us your space-related questions, and join us on this voyage of cosmic discovery. Subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform, and until our next stellar encounter, keep gazing at the stars and wondering about the wonders above. 
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Andrew Dunkley welcomes your questions for Space Nuts Q and A
(01:52) Riano from Florence in Italy has two questions for us
(04:13) Andrew: Breakthrough project aims to send micro spacecraft to Alpha Centauri
(10:06) I talked about pluto about 100 times, I think
(10:21) Viana raises doubts about whether taking pictures from space is feasible
(12:40) Vienna's question was about the orbits of planets
(14:06) Andrew Dunkley with professor Fred Watson on space nuts podcast
(18:05) Andrew Dunkley: Scott from Oregon questions distance of triple star system
(23:57) Fred Watson says Hubble's lifetime will eventually be limited because gyroscopes failed



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Prepare to traverse the Martian landscapes and cosmic frontiers in this intriguing episode of Space Nuts, where Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson uncover the secrets of the Red Planet and the tiniest worlds beyond our solar system. In this episode, we're dusting off the Martian surface to reveal new evidence that hints at the planet's potential past life. A recent study from Japan brings to light ancient atmospheric conditions that could have fostered the formation of life-essential molecules. Dive into the science of how formaldehyde, a chemical you wouldn't typically associate with life, may have been a critical ingredient in Mars' primordial soup.
Then, we shrink our focus to the smallest exoplanet ever discovered, Kepler 37b. Is it a planet, an asteroid, or something in between? This celestial object, roughly the size of our Moon, challenges our definitions and understanding of planetary bodies. The team discusses the criteria that separate planets from dwarf planets and the exciting prospect of future discoveries with the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
From Martian mysteries to minuscule exoplanets, this episode is a cosmic cocktail of astrophysical wonder and discovery. So, fasten your seatbelts, and let's embark on another Space Nuts adventure. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button on YouTube, and join us as we continue to explore the vast expanse of our universe. For more Space Nuts content, visit our website or tune in for the next episode. Until then, keep your eyes on the skies and your mind open to the endless possibilities of space.
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) This episode of Space nuts features Professor Fred Watson, astronomer at large
(01:33) Fred Koteman has just returned from a trip to Egypt
(06:58) There were issues with language and translation on our Egypt trip
(08:43) New research suggests ancient Mars could have harboured life
(15:56) Professor Fred Watson says Kepler 37 b is the smallest exoplanet ever found
(26:57) Fred Watson: Kepler 37 b is the smallest exoplanet thus found



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Your questions....our answers!
Buckle up, space cadets! Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they navigate through a new constellation of cosmic queries in this episode of Space Nuts. In this interstellar Q&A session, we're launching straight into the terraforming terrain, pondering massive megastructures, and the cooling conundrum of Venus. Dan from California, or "Caladan," sparks a stellar discussion on whether a colossal solar panel at Venus's L1 point could reverse its runaway greenhouse effect.
Next, we're rocketing over to Dan in Brisbane, who's curious about the protostar L1527 and its captivating James Webb Space Telescope image. Our hosts explore the fate of material ejected during the formation of our solar system and the forces exerted by our sun's solar wind and photonic pressure. Could the remnants of our solar system's early cloud still linger in the cosmic winds?
Then, we're warping into the realms of science fiction with Star's question: Does scientific accuracy enhance the enjoyment of sci-fi, or is imagination the final frontier? Andrew shares his favorites, from the plausible "The Martian" to the fantastical "Dune," while Fred reflects on the genre's influence on his scientific path.
Lastly, young Ted from the UK, with some help from his father Joe, wonders why the moon is sometimes visible during the day and what that means for the other side of the Earth. Prepare for a lunar lesson that spans the globe!
So, ignite your curiosity engines and prepare for a journey through the mysteries of space and science fiction. Remember to send us your astronomical questions for a chance to be featured in our cosmic conversations. Subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform and join us as we continue our voyage through the vastness of the universe. Until next time, keep your telescopes trained and your dreams space-bound!
(00:00) Andrew dunkley: We've got a few questions about terraforming
(01:29) Recent data suggests Titan probably not as life worthy as we once thought
(04:00) How long would it take Venus to cool down and would that eventually lead to
(08:45) Fred: Dan from Brisbane wants to know about protostar formation
(15:23) We've got a question from star. Um, so we're talking about a proto star now
(15:51) When it comes to Sci-Fi does your enjoyment depend on how accurate it is
(21:59) Why can I sometimes see the moon during the day in the UK
(24:18) Andrew Dunkley: Thank you for joining us on Space Nuts

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Prepare for a stellar foray into the frontiers of astrophysics with your seasoned spacefarers, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, in this riveting episode of Space Nuts. Today, we're delving into the realm of nuclear alchemy, where scientists have replicated the cosmic crucible of colliding neutron stars right here on Earth. Andrew and Fred unpack the groundbreaking synthesis of new isotopes, previously the exclusive handiwork of the universe's most cataclysmic events. Discover how a platinum beam and a carbon target in the lab have opened a new window into the cosmic generation of elements like gold and silver, and what this means for our understanding of matter's deepest secrets.
Then, brace for a journey to the edges of space-time, as we shed light on the discovery of the fastest-growing and brightest quasar ever observed. This celestial behemoth, with a black hole 17 billion times the mass of our Sun, is not only a record-breaker but a window into the universe's youthful past, some 12 billion years ago. With a luminosity of 500 trillion suns and an event horizon stretching seven light years, this quasar is a true cosmic titan. Fred and Andrew explore the implications of such discoveries and ponder the evolution of these quasars, which now lie dormant in the current epoch of the universe.
And lest we forget, the episode is graced with a surprise guest—a goanna in Fred's backyard, reminding us of the enduring connection between Earth's ancient inhabitants and the stars that light our skies.
So, join us on this intergalactic voyage of discovery, where the wonders never cease, and the universe's secrets are yours to uncover. For the full Space Nuts experience and to keep your cosmic curiosity fueled, subscribe on your favorite podcast platform. And remember, your questions and fascination are the stars that guide our Space Nuts odyssey!
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Andrew dunkley: Coming up on this episode of Space nuts is some science
(01:08) Professor Fred Watson says goannas can do a lot of damage
(02:32) Scientists have synthesised isotopes created by colliding neutron stars
(12:20) Professor Andrew Dunkley says neutron star collisions may have created some rare isotopes
(16:25) Fred says Australian astronomers have found the brightest quasar and possibly a black hole
(23:16) Quasars are extinct at this point in the age of the universe
(28:25) Andrew Dunkley: Thanks to Huw not in studio today when AWOL



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Embark on another cosmic journey with your favorite celestial explorers, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, in this insightful Q&A episode of Space Nuts. This time, the mysteries of the outer solar system take center stage as we delve into the elusive Planet Nine. Duncan from Weymouth, Dorset, ponders whether a rogue planet might have once danced through our neighborhood, stirring the orbits of distant objects before continuing on its cosmic path. Could this explain the peculiar movements without the need for a ninth planet?
Next, Rusty revisits his solar pergola concept, but with a twist. Imagine a constellation of satellites, each casting a penumbral shadow upon Earth, designed to reduce solar exposure by a subtle 2%. With advances in technology, could this be the geoengineering marvel we deploy within a decade to temper our planet's fever?
David from Seguin, Texas, presents us with a tantalizing "what if": If you could step foot on any exoplanet, which would it be? Andrew and Fred share their interstellar real estate preferences, revealing the allure of Earth-like worlds and the practical considerations of cosmic travel.
Lastly, we're tackling some homework from our inquisitive listeners. Wayne's curiosity about supernovas and gravitational waves leads to a discussion on cosmic symmetry, while Lee's question about InSight's ability to triangulate Marsquake epicenters unveils the intricate modeling of the Red Planet's inner structure.
So, fasten your seatbelts for a voyage through the wonders of space science, where questions spark discovery and the universe's secrets are just waiting to be unlocked. Don't forget, your questions might just be the next puzzle piece in our grand cosmic understanding, so keep them coming!
For more interstellar intrigue and to continue feeding your space curiosity, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Until our next celestial navigation, remember to look up and let your imagination soar through the infinite expanse!
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(00:00) Andrew Dunkley: This is the separated second half of Space Nuts q&a
(02:23) Our first question comes from a regular Duncan. Just wondering about planet nine episode
(03:47) Andrew says rogue planet could be caused by passing star or other interference
(08:10) The solar system is very difficult to understand without planet nine, says Mike Brown
(10:26) Rusty suggests solar pergola could help solve climate crisis
(17:03) Plus it increases our classification as a. Civilization in doing so
(17:29) What if y'all could step foot on any planet outside our solar system
(21:34) Whether or not a supernova can cause a gravitational wave was asked recently
(26:36) Professor Fred Watson and Huw in the studio for Space Nuts podcast

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Embark on a cosmic exploration with your favorite interstellar enthusiasts, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, in this latest episode of Space Nuts. Today's celestial journey takes us to Saturn's moon, Titan, where new research casts a shadow on the prospects of finding life in its sub-ice oceans. Despite the rich hydrocarbons on Titan's surface, the study by astrobiologist Catherine Neish suggests that the transfer of essential organic materials to the ocean below is far too slow to foster life as we know it. The implications of this finding could extend to other icy moons, potentially dampening hopes for habitability across our solar system.
Then, we pivot to Earthly matters as we join the United Nations' cosmic conversation. The UN has finally agreed to tackle the burgeoning issue of satellite constellations cluttering our orbit. With over 8,000 satellites circling our planet and plans for many more, astronomers are increasingly concerned about light pollution and radio interference. But can the UN's agenda lead to effective regulation, or will it be a case of too little, too late in the fast-paced space industry?
From the icy depths of Titan to the crowded skies of Earth, this episode of Space Nuts is a testament to the ever-evolving quest for knowledge and the challenges of preserving our cosmic frontiers. So, sit back, tune in, and let your imagination take flight as we unravel these astronomical enigmas.
For the full spectrum of space-time adventures and to keep your astronomical curiosity quenched, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. And don't forget to tune in to our Space Nuts Q&A episodes every Monday for more cosmic queries and celestial insights. Until next time, keep your eyes to the stars and your passion for discovery burning bright!
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Professor Fred Watson joins us on this episode of Space Nuts
(02:02) New study suggests Titan's subsurface ocean could be right for potential life
(10:35) There have been speculations that Titan could have a different basis of life
(13:47) Andrew Dunkley says there will be methane and ethane rainbows on Titan
(15:32) United nations to meet later this year to discuss concentrations of satellites
(25:38) Space company SpaceX to deorbit 100 older starlink satellites to reduce satellite interference

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Prepare to have your curiosity catapulted to cosmic proportions in this enthralling Q&A edition of Space Nuts, where our intrepid hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson delve into the gravitational enigmas and hypotheticals of the universe.
Firstly, Bo from Melbourne brings us a mind-bending question about the Big Bang and gravitational waves. Could the universe's colossal birth have sent ripples through the fabric of spacetime? Fred unpacks the complexities of detecting such ancient cosmic echoes and explores the tantalizing links to the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Next, Rennie from sunny West Hills, California, presents a tantalizing 'what if' scenario: What if the Sun never died? Would Earth eventually succumb to its own demise? Our dynamic duo contemplates the slow dance of celestial mechanics, the potential for human adaptability, and the intriguing future of a planet with a 42-day-long day.
Lastly, Daniel from Adelaide ponders a cosmic conundrum where time and dark energy might intertwine. As he questions the nature of the universe's accelerated expansion and the role of dark energy, Fred provides a nuanced response that sifts through the layers of cosmological understanding.
With each query, Andrew and Fred traverse the vastness of space, time, and possibility, offering insights that will leave you pondering long after the episode ends. So join us on this intergalactic expedition, and don't forget to submit your own questions to Space Nuts for a chance to be featured in future Q&A escapades!
For more space-time adventures and to satisfy your astronomical curiosity, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Until we chart our next course through the cosmos, keep your eyes to the skies and your wonder boundless!
Episode Chapters:
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts Q&A with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson
((01:08) Did the big Bang produce gravitational waves or echoes
(08:47) Would the earth eventually erode, decay and die on its own
(13:27) What if time and dark energy were actually the same thing
(14:35) Daniel Winfred: Is time and dark energy the same thing
(18:07) How to submit your questions and wrap-up

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Strap in for a fiery cosmic conundrum and a celestial mystery spanning centuries in this latest episode of Space Nuts! Host Andrew Dunkley and the ever-knowledgeable Professor Fred Watson ignite a discussion on the dangers of fire in space. With a look back at some of history's most harrowing space blazes, they delve into NASA's sapphire experiments, which test the flammability of spacecraft materials to enhance future mission safety. From the tragic Apollo 1 disaster to a perilous inferno aboard the Mir space station, learn how these pivotal events are shaping the protocols that keep astronauts safe among the stars.
Then, shift your gaze to a distant starlight drama as our Space Nuts duo investigates a puzzling stellar eclipse lasting 500 days. Could the dimming of a young, sun-like star be the aftermath of a colossal planetary collision? With the help of archival data from NASA's WISE mission, scientists have pieced together a story of cosmic destruction and creation. Discover how two exoplanets, each several times the mass of Earth, may have smashed together, leaving behind a glowing cloud of debris and the potential birth of new moons or even more planets.
This episode is a testament to the relentless pursuit of knowledge and the ingenious methods astronomers use to unravel the secrets of the universe, even from 1850 light-years away. So, prepare for a journey that explores both the immediate concerns within our spacecraft and the cataclysmic events of distant solar systems.
For a deeper dive into the universe's most burning questions and enigmatic events, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform. And remember, the Q&A session now gets its spotlight in a dedicated episode every Monday, ensuring you get your full dose of cosmic curiosity. Until next time, keep your eyes to the cosmos and your mind open to the wonders it holds!
Episode Chapters
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts: Astronomy and Space Science
(02:22) Fires in space - A look at NASA's sapphire experiments
(12:45) The 500-day stellar eclipse and planetary collision aftermath
(24:10) The future of space safety and celestial observations
(29:55) Closing thoughts and the new Space Nuts Q&A episodes
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Prepare to embark on an interstellar Q&A adventure in this enlightening episode of Space Nuts, where your cosmic guides, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, tackle the perplexing questions from the far reaches of our listeners' imaginations. 
First, we join Ash from Brisbane as he ponders the enigmatic mechanics of spacecraft reentry. Using Apollo 13's nail-biting descent as a springboard, Fred demystifies the concept of 'bouncing off the atmosphere' and reveals the delicate balance between gravitational pull and atmospheric drag. 
Next, Darryl from South Australia challenges us with the icy extremes of absolute zero. Why does this ultimate chill exist, and is there a corresponding 'absolute hot'? Fred delves into the physics of temperature and the motion of atoms, shedding light on the limits of the thermal universe and the possibility of an 'absolute heavy' or 'absolute light'. 
Finally, Alex from London, by way of Indiana, brings us face-to-face with the enigma of dark energy. Is this mysterious force the antithesis of gravity itself? Our hosts explore the repulsive power that's pushing galaxies apart and the ongoing quest to unravel the secrets of the cosmos.
With each question, Andrew and Fred illuminate the wonders and oddities of the universe, blending humor with profound scientific insight. So, join the Space Nuts community, submit your own cosmic queries, and keep the spirit of discovery alive!
For more space-time odysseys and answers to your astronomical inquiries, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform. Until we venture again into the vast unknown, keep your gaze to the stars and your curiosity alight!
Episode Chapters
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts: Astronomy and Space Science
(02:10) Ash from Brisbane questions the 'bouncing off the atmosphere' during spacecraft reentry
(10:45) Darryl from South Australia inquires about absolute zero and the limits of temperature
(17:30) Alex from London asks if dark energy could be considered antigravity
(25:15) Closing remarks and how to submit your questions to Space Nuts

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Embark on a celestial detective story in this latest episode of Space Nuts, as your guides through the galaxy, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, unravel the curious case of Venus's quasi-moon. The tale begins with an asteroid that's not quite what it seems, orbiting Venus in a way that defies expectations. The mystery deepens with the asteroid's peculiar name, which comes with its own humorous backstory involving a podcast, a bedroom wall poster, and a case of mistaken identity.
Then, shift gears and join the hunt for the universe's elusive sulfur. Why does this common element appear to be hiding in plain sight? The answer lies in the heart of the Milky Way, where a groundbreaking study using the Very Large Telescope has finally solved a long-standing astronomical puzzle. Discover how improved data quality has brought the cosmic abundance of sulfur into clear view, and why planetary nebulae, the final breaths of sun-like stars, are key to this revelation.
With Fred on the mend from a pesky tick bite, the dynamic duo delves into the intricacies of celestial mechanics, the naming conventions of space objects, and the importance of sulfur in both the cosmos and our everyday lives. Don't miss this episode of Space Nuts, where the wonders of the universe are made accessible, the seemingly mundane becomes fascinating, and every question leads to a deeper appreciation of the cosmos.
To continue your journey through the stars and uncover more secrets of the universe, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Until we embark on our next stellar voyage, keep your eyes on the skies and your curiosity unbounded.
Episode Chapters
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts: Astronomy and Space Science
(01:45) The story of Venus's quasi-moon and its mistaken identity
(07:10) Andrew and Fred discuss the hunt for missing sulfur in the universe
(15:23) Planetary nebulae and the solving of the sulfur anomaly
(22:45) The broad applications of sulfur, from volcanoes to industry
(24:30) Wrapping up and a reminder about Space Nuts Q&A

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Prepare to dive into the cosmic unknown with this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where your hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson tackle the enigmatic questions that baffle even the most seasoned space enthusiasts.
First up, Nate challenges us with a classic conundrum: If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? Fred sheds light on this perplexing query with a blend of cosmological insights and geometrical possibilities, leaving us to ponder the very fabric of reality and the potential of unseen dimensions.
Next, Lee from Sweden seeks to understand the inner workings of Mars through the eyes of the InSight mission. How can a single point of reference on the Red Planet reveal so much about its interior and the impact of distant meteorites? The answer lies in the ingenious science of seismic waves, which our hosts promise to explore further—homework for the curious minds!
Finally, Wayne, a longtime supporter, wonders about the gravitational waves generated by supernovae and whether LIGO can detect them. Fred navigates through the explosive symmetries of supernovae and the peculiarities of neutron star mountains, offering a glimpse into the cosmic ripples that traverse our universe.
Packed with humor, profound insights, and the occasional canine interruption, this episode of Space Nuts is not just a journey through space but a testament to the boundless curiosity that drives us all. So, sit back, subscribe, and let Andrew and Fred guide you through the stars. And don't forget, your questions are the fuel for our cosmic explorations—keep them coming!
For more interstellar adventures and the answers to your most intriguing space questions, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform. Until our next galactic gathering, keep reaching for the stars!
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) This is Space Nuts. Coming up, we're talking about the expansion of space
(00:39) If space is expanding, what is it expanding into
(07:35) Lee Stevenson has sent us a question about Mars exploration
(08:21) Lee: How do you detect seismic signals on Mars from thousands of kilometres away
(12:36) What kind of gravitational wave is generated by a supernova
(19:17) Professor Fred Watson, astronomer at large, getting over his tick bite



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Prepare to thrust into a celestial debate that flips conventional wisdom on its head! In this thought-provoking episode of Space Nuts, join Andrew Dunkley and the ever-astute Professor Fred Watson as they unravel a cosmic chicken-or-egg scenario: Did supermassive black holes or galaxies come first? With the James Webb Space Telescope peering back in time, new findings suggest a revolutionary twist in our understanding of the early universe. Could black holes have been the catalysts for star formation, predating the galaxies they inhabit?
But the intrigue doesn't end at the edge of the cosmos. Closer to home, SpaceX's Starship is making waves, not just with its plans for Mars colonization, but also with its potential military applications. Discover how this behemoth of a rocket could redefine rapid global transport, delivering cargo—or perhaps one day troops—across the planet in a mere hour. With suborbital flights on the horizon, we're on the cusp of a new era in logistics and space travel.
As always, Andrew and Fred expertly guide us through these cosmic conundrums with insights that challenge our perceptions and expand our understanding of the universe. So, space enthusiasts, buckle up for another episode that promises to take you on a journey beyond the stars.
For the latest updates in space discovery and answers to the universe's most perplexing questions, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Join us as we continue to explore the wonders of space and science. Until our next celestial sojourn, keep your gaze skyward and your curiosity boundless!
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📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Andrew Dunkley hosts Space nuts, the astronomy and space science podcast
(01:16) Fred says he thought it was a tick bite, but it wasn't
(03:14) New research suggests black holes came first in the early universe
(13:30) Andrew Dunkley: I was going to ask how you feel about this theory
(14:35) Space company SpaceX is working on something that has the military intrigued
(22:52) Spaceplane system could be used to take passengers from London to Sydney
(24:49) Fred Watson: China is heading in same direction as the US in space

Join us for an intergalactic conundrum that will stretch your mind to the far reaches of the universe! In this enlightening episode of Space Nuts, your hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson are navigating the cosmic highways and byways, tackling some of the most perplexing questions out there.
First stop: the mysterious Lagrange points. Listener Jim from Texas is puzzled about how gravity is balanced at these points, especially L2 and L3. Fred serves up a celestial explanation that involves not just gravity but centrifugal force, too. It's a cosmic balancing act that keeps our space missions on course and our minds in awe.
Next, we're zooming into the heart of galaxies where supermassive black holes reign supreme. Kerry's burning question leads us to differentiate the gravitational effects of these cosmic giants from the elusive dark matter. How do astronomers measure their impact separately, and could we have misjudged their mass? Fred illuminates the dark corners of this astronomical puzzle.
And for the grand finale, we're pondering the ultimate 'what if': communication with a superior alien race. If we could ask them just one question, what would it be? From the practical to the profound, Andrew and Fred muse over what could be humanity's most significant query.
Whether you're a cosmic rookie or a seasoned stargazer, this episode is guaranteed to provide a gravity-defying leap into the unknown. So, strap in and prepare for a journey that's as educational as it is entertaining. And remember, keep those questions coming – they just might be the next big topic on Space Nuts!
For all this and more, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform, and join us on this stellar adventure. Until next time, keep your eyes to the skies and your hearts full of wonder.

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Prepare for a cosmic exploration that takes us from the realm of science fiction to the frontiers of science reality! In this thrilling episode of Space Nuts, join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they delve into the mysteries of our very own solar system Death Star. No, it's not about to obliterate a planet; it's Mimas, Saturn's moon, capturing the scientific spotlight with a revelation that's causing quite the stir. Discover why this celestial body, bearing a striking resemblance to the infamous Star Wars construct, is now making waves with a potential sub-surface ocean hiding beneath its cratered façade.
But that's not all that's brewing in the interstellar pot. We're also venturing to the red plains of Mars, confronting the possibility that bacteria might not just survive but thrive under the harsh Martian conditions. What does this mean for future human missions to the Red Planet? Could these microscopic stowaways pose a threat to astronauts, or might they hold the key to unlocking the secrets of life beyond Earth?
With a blend of intrigue and expertise, Andrew and Fred navigate through these cosmic questions, offering insights that will leave you pondering long after the episode ends. So buckle up, space enthusiasts, as we embark on another adventure that's sure to expand your universe.
For those hungry for more interstellar knowledge, be sure to subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform and join our growing community of astronomy aficionados. With new episodes filled with astronomical wonders and answers to your burning space queries, Space Nuts is your gateway to the cosmos. Until next time, keep gazing upward and let your curiosity lead the way!
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Show notes created by https://headliner.app
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📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) This is space nuts. Coming up, we're looking at the Death Star
(03:05) It might be opportunist bacteria that follows the bite that could cause Alzheimer's
(04:39) Fred says moon Mimus actually librates around planet Earth
(12:16) Andrew Ker: Mimas and Enceladus are totally different moons
(18:56) NASA to try flutter test on its ingenuity helicopter on Mars
(19:52) Scientists have tested four human infectious bacteria to survive harsh Martian environments
(26:37) Fred Watson says bacteria could pose a risk to astronauts on Mars


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Strap in, Space Cadets, for another interstellar journey with the Space Nuts podcast! This week, Andrew Dunkley and Fred Watson tackle the cosmic curiosities that baffle even the brightest minds. From the perplexing simplicity overlooked by space agencies to the dizzying dance of celestial bodies, we're delving deep into the enigmas of the cosmos.
First up, we're debunking space myths with a true tale of the infamous space pen versus the humble pencil. Discover how practicality trumps simplicity when it comes to jotting down notes in zero gravity, and why sometimes, the most obvious solution isn't the best one for the job.
Next, we're spinning into the question that's got everyone's head turning: Why does everything in the universe love to twirl? Lynn from Victoria wants to know why stars, planets, and galaxies can't resist a good rotation. Fred unravels the mysteries of angular momentum and explains how the cosmic ballet is all part of the gravitational grand design.
And if we could converse with extraterrestrials, what would we ask? We're pondering the ultimate intergalactic icebreakers and saving this cosmic conundrum for our next episode.
So, whether you're a seasoned space traveler or a curious newcomer, join us for a voyage through the wonders of the universe. And remember, your questions fuel our adventures, so keep them coming!
For more interstellar insights, subscribe to Space Nuts on YouTube, become a patron for exclusive content, and explore the universe with us at spacenuts.io. Until next time, keep your eyes on the skies and your mind open to the infinite possibilities of space. Catch you on the next episode of Space Nuts!


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Prepare to embark on an astronomical chase like no other! In this riveting episode of Space Nuts, we delve into the ambitious plans to capture our solar system's elusive visitor, the exo-asteroid 'Oumuamua. Once thought to be an impossible feat, we explore the groundbreaking strategy that could see us rendezvousing with this interstellar interloper by 2057. The race is on to unlock the secrets it holds and to answer the burning question: is it a mere space rock or a piece of extraterrestrial technology?
But the intrigue doesn't stop there. We also turn our gaze to the cradles of cosmic birth, where planets emerge. Forget the traditional image of infant planets as perfect spheres; new research suggests these celestial newborns might be more M&M-shaped than we ever imagined. Join us as we dissect the latest theories on planet formation and ponder whether our very own Earth started life as an oblate spheroid.
With technical glitches providing an unexpected twist, Andrew and Fred navigate through these cosmic conundrums with their characteristic blend of expertise and humor. So, get ready to rethink your understanding of the cosmos, from chasing down interstellar objects to the peculiar shapes of nascent planets, all on this episode of Space Nuts.
Remember, the universe is vast and full of wonders waiting to be discovered. Don't miss a moment of the journey—tune in now to Space Nuts!
The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Explore the detailed plan to chase 'Oumuamua at cosmosmagazine.com
· Dive into the latest theories on planet formation at phys.org (that's P-H-Y-S.org)
· Engage with the Space Nuts community and send in your cosmic queries or thoughts
Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction: Andrew Dunckley sets the stage for today's cosmic topics.
00:02:15 - The Chase for 'Oumuamua: Discussing the potential mission to intercept the mysterious exo-asteroid.
00:11:30 - Planet Formation Theories: A new twist on how planets might take shape, suggesting they start as oblate spheroids rather than spheres.
00:20:45 - Listener Engagement: Encouraging the audience to share their thoughts and questions for future episodes.

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Are you ready to uncover the mind-bending secrets of our universe? Join us as we reveal the unexpected truth about the formation of habitable planets and the potential for multiple habitable worlds within a single solar system. You won't believe how many habitable planets could exist in the perfect cosmic sweet spot. And as we delve deeper into this cosmic mystery, prepare to be amazed by the surprising possibility of habitable moons orbiting gas giants. The answer lies in the unexplored realms of our vast universe, waiting to be unraveled. Stay tuned for an eye-opening journey through the cosmos that will challenge everything you thought you knew about planetary systems and cosmological potential. Get ready to expand your understanding of the universe in ways you never imagined. In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the mysteries of fast blue transient explosions and their impact on our understanding of the universe. · Discover the fascinating Glass Z 12 high-redshift galaxy, offering insights into the early universe and cosmic evolution. · Grasp the uncertainties in astronomy research and how they drive innovation and breakthrough discoveries. · Uncover the complexity of the early universe and gain a deeper appreciation for its profound impact on cosmic evolution. The bottom line is Dave's right to question this, because we can't guarantee what the universe is going to do. We don't have any sort of control over that. All we can do is observe what it's doing now, and through the magic of the fact that we can look back in time, we get a good idea of what it's done in the past. - Fred Watson Glass Z 12 High-Redshift Galaxy Glass Z 12 is a high-redshift galaxy, noted for its advanced state of maturity shortly after the Big Bang. Its study, largely facilitated by the GrISM lens Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) using the James Webb Space Telescope, sheds light on the early universe's formation and evolution. Despite the advanced observational technology, the nature of such galaxies holds persisting enigmas, stimulating ongoing research and debates in the astronomical community. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit spacenutspodcast.com to send in your text or audio questions for the show. · Subscribe to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. · Stream on demand at bytes.com to listen to the latest episodes of Space Nuts. · Check out the Space Nuts YouTube channel and subscribe for more space-related content. · Explore the Space Nuts website for more information and to send voice messages to the hosts. Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Overview
Andrew Dunkley introduces the episode as an all-audience questions episode. He mentions the topics to be discussed, including fast blue transients, ghost galaxies, and the heaviest isotopes in planet formation.
00:02:23 - Fast Blue Transients and Galaxy Development
Derek asks about the cause of fast blue optical transient explosions, referencing the unusual shape of the explosion. Fred Watson discusses the mysterious nature of fast blue optical transients and the potential reasons behind their unique properties.
00:09:44 - Early Universe and Galaxy Evolution
Renny inquires about the development of mature galaxies like glass z 13 in the early aftermath of the Big Bang. Fred Watson explains the significance of glass z 12 as an early galaxy and addresses the possibility of wormholes and membrane theory in relation to galaxy evolution.
00:17:08 - Expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy
Dave from Calgary asks about the expansion of the universe and its acceleration. He questions whether the universe will ever slow down due to dark energy. Fred Watson discusses the concept of dark energy and explains why the universe's expansion is unlikely to slow down.
00:18:05 - Comparing Bullet Firing with Universe Expansion
Discusses...

Are you eager to uncover the secrets of space exploration and gain expert insights? Ready to grasp complex concepts and challenges in the realm of astronomy and astrophysics? I've got just the solution to enhance your understanding and satisfy your curiosity. Let's dive into the Space Nuts podcast and unravel the mysteries of the universe together! In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the Dark Matter Halo of Our Galaxy: Unravel the mystery surrounding dark matter and its impact on our galaxy. · Uncover the Mysterious Presence of Methane on Mars: Discover the intriguing presence of methane on the Red Planet and its implications for potential life. · Delve into Speculative Ideas on Cooling the Earth: Gain insights into innovative concepts for mitigating the Earth's rising temperatures. · Discover the Challenges of Moving Planets: Understand the complexities and obstacles involved in the theoretical idea of planetary relocation. Life becomes routine, is what. Yes, that's what it is. Yeah, I get that. I quite like routine, actually, unlike my other half, who doesn't, which is why she's constantly conjuring up these tours that we do to take people around to places where we've never been. - Professor Fred Watson
Finally, the hosts examine speculative ideas from listeners relating to ambitious, large-scale engineering projects, such as the Solar Pergola and moving planets. Reminding us that while such concepts may dazzle the imagination, the practical feasibility and risks associated with these ideas are significant. The focus on prudence and consideration of potential unintended consequences underscores the responsibility that comes with technological advancements, especially when meddling with natural systems of the cosmos. It's The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit spacenutspodcast.com or spacenuts.io to submit your questions for the next all-question episode. · Check out the Space Nuts shop on the website for Space Nuts merchandise, including t-shirts. · Become a patron of Space Nuts to support the podcast and gain access to exclusive benefits. · Listen to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. · Stream Space Nuts on demand at bitesz.com. Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Ingenuity's End
Andrew Dunkley introduces the topics for this episode, including the end of the mission for the ingenuity helicopter on Mars after suffering damage from a landing mishap.
00:03:42 - Slim Moon Lander's Upside-Down Landing
The discussion moves to the slim moon lander's successful but tilted landing on the moon, leading to challenges with solar panel orientation. Despite the setback, some scientific experiments are being carried out.
00:13:13 - Arno Penzias' Legacy
The passing of physicist Arno Penzias is noted, highlighting his groundbreaking discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which confirmed the Big Bang theory and contributed to the decline of the steady state theory of the universe.
00:16:20 - Quirks of Dark Matter in the Milky Way
The conversation shifts to an exploration of the unique behavior of dark matter in the Milky Way, particularly in its extremities, suggesting that our galaxy's dark matter may exhibit distinct characteristics compared to other galaxies.
00:16:31 - Closing Remarks
Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson wrap up the episode, thanking listeners for tuning in and hinting at the intriguing nature of the dark matter discussion as a teaser for future episodes.
00:17:09 - Understanding the Galaxy's Geometry
Fred and Andrew discuss the challenges of mapping our galaxy's geometry, including the difficulty of establishing details about our own galaxy due to our position within it.

00:19:10 - The Mystery of Galaxy Rotation

The conversation explores the discovery of the unusual flat rotation curve of...

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If you're feeling frustrated because you've been reading multiple scientific articles, but still feel confused about space exploration, then you are not alone! If you're feeling overwhelmed because you've been watching documentaries about the universe, but still struggle to understand the latest scientific discoveries, then you are not alone! If you're feeling discouraged because you've been attending lectures on space exploration, but still find it difficult to grasp the concepts, then you are not alone! If you're feeling disheartened because you've been following space-related news, but still lack the in-depth knowledge you desire, then you are not alone! In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the Universe's Rotation and Exploration: Uncover the mysteries of the universe's rotation and delve into the latest space exploration discoveries. · Unravel the Temperature of Space and James Webb Telescope: Understand the extreme temperatures of space and the groundbreaking capabilities of the James Webb telescope. · Discover Curiosities About Galaxies and the Expanding Universe: Delve into the fascinating world of galaxies and gain insights into the expanding universe, sparking your curiosity about the cosmos. · Engage with Listener Questions and Interactions: Engage with our community as we answer intriguing listener questions and foster a deeper understanding of space exploration. The background temperature of space is indeed 2.7 degrees Kelvin. And what that is, is the radiation from the big Bang. - Fred Watson Unleash Your Curiosity about Galaxies and the Expanding Universe The boundless nature of the universe and the enigma of what lies beyond our vision sparks the hosts' curiosity. They express a compelling interest in observing the expanding universe's limits and finding what lies beyond the visible cosmos. Furnishing the listeners with a mental image of the unknown, the episode fosters a deeper appreciation for space exploration and the mysteries it holds. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the Space Nuts podcast website to listen to more episodes and submit your own questions or comments. · Check out the James Webb Space Telescope's latest updates and discoveries on the NASA website. · Explore the concept of the equation of state and its implications in cosmology through reputable scientific sources and publications. · Learn more about the temperature of space and the cosmic microwave background radiation from reliable scientific sources and educational materials. · Stay updated on the latest space news and discoveries by subscribing to the Space Nuts podcast on your preferred podcast platform. · The key moments in this episode are:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Oldest Black Hole Discovery
00:02:52 - James Webb Space Telescope's Discovery
00:11:32 - Asteroid Impact on Earth
00:16:33 - Astronomer Christian Sarnesky's Discoveries
00:12:23 - Summary and Conclusion
00:17:02 - Meteorite Recovery and Asteroid Monitoring
00:19:42 - Mars Copter's Communication Issues
00:23:48 - Ingenuity's Success and Challenges
00:25:41 - Equation of State and Cosmological Constant
00:30:25 - Does the Universe Rotate?
00:35:04 - Rotation of the Universe
00:36:27 - Hypothetical Telescope
00:41:41 - Temperature of Space
00:45:19 - Listener Feedback

Explore the Universe's Rotation and Exploration This podcast episode embarks on a fascinating discussion about the rotation of the universe. While it remains a challenging concept without a frame of reference, the possibility is raised that if multiple universes exist, our own could indeed be rotating. Furthermore, the hosts...

If you're feeling frustrated by the lack of understanding dark energy, despite hours spent researching and reading about it, then you are not alone! Despite your efforts to grasp the concept, you may feel like you're still no closer to unraveling the mysteries of the universe. The confusion and uncertainty may be leaving you feeling disheartened and discouraged about ever truly understanding dark energy. But rest assured, many others share your struggle and are also seeking clarity on this complex topic.
In this episode, you will be able to:
· Understand the origins of water in the solar system and its significance for life beyond Earth.
· Explore the fascinating process of the formation of the solar system and how it shaped our cosmic neighborhood.
· Discover the potential for terraforming Venus, unlocking the possibility of transforming inhospitable planets into habitable ones.
· Uncover the abundance of water in the solar system and its implications for future space exploration and colonization.
· Learn about the slingshot effect in space missions and how it enables spacecraft to travel vast distances with limited fuel.

'Two out of the three atoms in a water molecule are hydrogen. So two thirds of your 75%, which is 50% of the atoms in your body, come from the Big Bang. Why? You feel old these days? 13.8 billion year old hydrogen.' - Andrew Dunkley

Terraforming Venus Possibilities: Terraforming Venus is a topic of fascinating discussion. The suggestion of transforming its carbon dioxide-heavy atmosphere using photosynthetic algae could potentially cool it down over extended periods. However, the surface atmospheric pressure on Venus is significantly higher than Earth's, making such an endeavor incredibly complex and presently unfeasible.
The key moments in this episode are:
00:00:00 - Introduction to Dark Energy Survey
00:08:15 - Peregrine Lander Mission
00:13:48 - Dark Energy Survey Results
00:16:18 - Quintessence and Thunderplump
00:17:38 - Exploring the Cosmic Megastructure
00:19:56 - Universe Homogeneity and Big Ring Discovery
00:23:16 - Speculation on Megastructure Origins
00:24:53 - Unraveling the Mystery of Cosmic Structures
00:29:32 - Addressing Audience Feedback
00:34:17 - Formation of the Solar System and Origin of Water
00:37:27 - Slingshot Effect and Spacecraft Momentum
00:40:43 - Terraforming Venus and Atmospheric Cleanup
00:45:04 - Are Humans Stars? Stardust Origins

The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Visit spacenutspodcast.com or spacenuts.io to send in your text or audio questions.
· Listen to Space Nuts on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player.
· Stream on demand at bitesz.com or spacenuts.io.
· Check out the documentary The Stars by the BBC.
· Send feedback or questions through the Space Nuts website.

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For our exclusive NordVPN deal (as explained by Andrew) simply visit www.nordvpn.com/spacenuts- you'll be glad you did!

Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Peregrine Moon Lander
Andrew Dunkley introduces the episode and discusses the recent launch of the Peregrine moon lander, which has encountered a mission failure problem.
00:03:48 - Issues with Peregrine Moon Lander
Fred Watson discusses the issues faced by the Peregrine moon lander, including the inability to charge its batteries and critical propellant loss, leading to doubts about its planned lunar landing.
00:11:00 - Search for Copernicus's Remains
Fred Watson dives into the fascinating search for the remains of Nicholas Copernicus, the renowned astronomer and mathematician, highlighting the historical significance and efforts to identify his burial site.
00:14:16 - Discovery of Copernicus's Skeleton
Fred Watson details the discovery of a skeleton near the altar of the Holy Cross in Frombork Cathedral, believed to potentially belong to Copernicus, and the subsequent genetic analysis to confirm its identity.
00:15:41 - DNA Analysis and Book Reference
The discussion continues with the challenges of conducting DNA analysis for confirming Copernicus's remains, as well as the unexpected discovery of a book used by Copernicus, adding further depth to the search for his identity.
00:16:36 - Unveiling Copernicus' Skeleton
Researchers in Sweden used genetic material from hairs found in a book to match them with Copernicus' teeth and bones, providing strong evidence of his identity.
00:18:47 - The Vasa Ship and its Tragic Fate
A brief discussion about the Vasa, a 17th century sailing ship that sank on its maiden voyage in Stockholm due to a lopsided weight distribution and other theories.
00:20:37 - The Identification of Nicholas Copernicus
After confirming the identity of Copernicus' skeleton, it is likely that the bones have been reburied, marking a significant breakthrough in science history.
00:21:31 - Mystery of Titan's Ghost Islands
Cassini's radar imaging of Titan revealed temporary bright patches in the seas, sparking theories about their composition and behavior, shedding light on the mysteries of this alien world.
00:29:33 - Quantum Entanglement and Additional Dimensions
Rusty's question about quantum entanglement prompts a discussion on the potential existence of additional dimensions and ongoing research into fundamental physics, including the search for dark matter and dark energy.
00:34:20 - Quantum Confusion
Discussion on the complexity of quantum-related topics and the potential for confusion in understanding them.
00:35:16 - Planetary Formation
Explanation of how the location of the frost line in the solar system led to the differentiation between rocky and gas giant planets.
00:38:08 - Ice Planets and Dwarf Planets
Exploration of the composition of dwarf planets and how the distance from the sun impacted their formation and characteristics.
00:40:58 - Solar System Variations
Consideration of the variability of planetary formations in other solar systems compared to the unique characteristics of our own solar system.
00:42:28 - Uncharted Territories
Contemplation of the possibility of undiscovered elements in the outer reaches of the solar system and the ongoing search for new celestial bodies.

Join us as we delve into the recent mission failure of the Peregrine moon lander and the search for the lost grave of Copernicus. But just when it seemed like we might unravel the mysteries of the universe, a shocking turn of events leaves us hanging in the balance. Are we on the brink of a groundbreaking discovery, or will the secrets of space remain elusive?

In a serendipitous moment, Andrew Dunkley's passion for astronomy was sparked by a chance encounter with a telescope at a friend's house. Little did he know that a simple gaze through the lens would ignite a lifelong curiosity for the mysteries of the universe. As he delved into books, documentaries, and conversations with fellow enthusiasts, his thirst for cosmic knowledge only grew stronger. What cosmic wonders await those who seek to understand the stars and galaxies?

In this episode, you will be able to:
· Explore the fascinating world of galaxies' rotation curves and their intriguing variations. · Discover the hidden secrets of spiral arms visibility through the lens of infrared observations. · Understand how gravity bends space and its profound implications on the universe.
· Uncover the crucial distinctions between dark matter and dark energy, unraveling cosmic mysteries.

"You can do anything in science fiction.' - Andrew Dunkley

Bending of Space due to Gravity
Gravitational influence on the bending of space is a central concept in Einstein's theory of relativity. It proposes that the force of gravity resulting from an object's mass distorts space around it. This remarkable insight about the interplay between gravity and spacetime allows us to understand extraordinary phenomena, such as the distortion of star positions during an eclipse. This theory immensely enriches our understanding of the universe and shapes our perception of space and time.

The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Visit spacenutspodcast.com to send in your own audio or text questions for the show.
· Check out the AMA link on the website to submit your questions for the next episode. ·
Click on the tab on the right-hand side of the homepage to send in your audio questions. · Listen to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. ·
Stream on demand at bitesz.com to catch up on previous episodes. ·

The key moments in this episode are:
00:00:00 - Thank you and break announcement
00:02:22 - Q&A Episode Introduction
00:08:01 - Understanding Gravity
00:11:14 - Theoretical Walk on a Neutron Star
00:16:46 - Clarification on Biochemical Processes
00:17:25 - RNA as the precursor to DNA and proteins
00:18:57 - Dark energy and dark matter web
00:22:17 - Universe's expansion and the role of dark energy
00:25:03 - White holes and dark matter
00:29:13 - Period of inflation and the speed of light
00:34:21 - The World Wide Web nickname
00:36:14 - Speed of light and space travel
00:37:22 - Counting stars in the Milky Way
00:43:16 - Planetary diversity and moon composition
00:47:22 - Tipler cylinder and time travel
00:51:37 - The spacecraft design and terraforming challenges
00:52:29 - Science fiction and John Birmingham's latest series
00:53:38 - The Super Dunk series and a request to the author
00:54:27 - Audience engagement and question submissions
00:55:23 - Conclusion and farewell

Variation of Rotation Curves
The variation of rotation curves is an intriguing aspect of galaxies that fascinates astronomers. It refers to the speed at which stars and other celestial objects move around the center of a galaxy, and how this speed impacts the overall shape and structure of the galaxy. This element of astrophysics provides critical insights into how galaxies evolve over time, contributing significantly to our understanding of the universe's dynamics.

Infrared Observations and Spiral Arms
Infrared observations are pivotal to astronomy, allowing us to perceive celestial bodies and phenomena that remain concealed in other wavelengths. One interesting feature that can be detected in this way is the dust in...

While Fred and Andrew head off on an end of year break....we dip back into our recent past and bring you one of our 'all-questions' episodes for a repeat run, just in case you missed it the first time or simply need a refresh.

Are you ready to have your understanding of the universe redefined? Picture this: a renowned expert advisor on dark and quiet skies, engaged in international cooperation at the United Nations, suddenly encounters a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize our perception of space and time. This unexpected twist in the story opens up a whole new world of possibilities, hinting at a connection between black holes and dark energy that could change everything we thought we knew about the cosmos. Stay tuned to find out more about this mind-boggling revelation.

In this episode, you will be able to:
· Explore the mysteries of black holes and dark energy to unlock the secrets of the universe. · Understand the mind-bending concept of the universe's expansion and its implications for the future of space exploration.
· Delve into the dangers posed by rubble pile asteroids and the potential impact on life on Earth.
· Discover the fascinating process of magnetic fields escaping from black holes and its significance in our understanding of the cosmos.
· Uncover the potential of artificial gravity and nuclear fusion, offering a glimpse into the future of space travel and habitation.

'Gravity and acceleration are equivalent. We can generate an acceleration by having a rotating wheel, exactly as in 2001, a space odyssey.' - Fred Watson

The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Visit the Space Nuts website to submit your own voice question or text question for the podcast.
· Check out the Space Nuts shop on their website for space-themed merchandise and support the podcast.
· Become a patron of Space Nuts to support the show and gain access to exclusive benefits. · Listen to the Space Nuts podcast on various platforms including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, and iHeartRadio.
· Stream Space Nuts on demand at bitesz.com.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.

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Do you want to gain a deeper insight into the orbit and history of Halley's Comet? We are sharing valuable updates and information to help you achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the comet's trajectory and background. Through the updates, you will be able to enhance your knowledge of Halley's Comet's path and historical significance, leading to a more informed appreciation of this celestial phenomenon. Join us as we delve into the latest discoveries and insights about Halley's Comet.
In this episode, you will be able to: ·
Explore the fascinating orbit of Halley's Comet and its intriguing history. ·
Stay updated on the latest discoveries and developments related to Halley's Comet. · Discover the recent breakthrough in understanding the giant coma stream of Halley's Comet. · Delve into the complex relationship between density and temperature in space phenomena. · Uncover the captivating details of the impending collision between Andromeda and the Milky Way.

'May you live in interesting times. Well, yeah. Okay. Major operation, moving house. Lots of job changes. Finished up at the Salvation army the other day. Yeah, it's all happening. Hopefully next year will be much smoother.' - Andrew Dunkley

Density and Temperature of Celestial Bodies: Understanding the extremes of density and temperature in the universe gives us incredible insights. A black hole epitomizes infinite density, while absolute zero, a temperature of -273.15 degrees Celsius, represents the cessation of atomic motion. The temperature scales we use, such as Celsius and Kelvin, are critical in discussing these concepts as they relate directly to the properties of matter.

The resources mentioned in this episode are: ·
Listen to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. ·
Stream on demand at bitesz.com for more Space Nuts episodes. ·
Become a patron to support the Space Nuts podcast and gain access to exclusive content. Details on our website. ·
Check out Cafe Celsius in Oslo, Norway for a delightful dining experience. ·
Stay tuned for the next episode of Space Nuts in the new year for more fascinating space discussions.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.

Join us as we uncover the potential for a breathtaking new meteor shower, diving into the irony of lost fruit in space and exploring the tantalizing possibility of the speed of life after the Big Bang.

In this episode, you will be able to:
· Explore the potential new meteor shower and its implications for stargazers and astronomy enthusiasts.
· Delve into the fascinating topic of lost fruit in space and its unexpected journey beyond our planet.
· Uncover the mysteries of life after the Big Bang and how it shaped the universe as we know it.
· Discover the Doppler effect, redshift, and slingshot effect, and how they have revolutionized our understanding of celestial bodies.

'We're blessed with good fortune for this particular meteor display, as we are with the Geminids, because the moon is new effectively at the moment, so there's no moonlight'. - Andrew Dunkley

Lost Fruit in Space
The cosmic mystery deepens, as astronomers shed light on the curious topic of lost fruit in space. Tying in with a light-hearted reference to a popular television series, researchers examine how space travel affects the development of fruit flies sent to the International Space Station. This strange case brings us closer to understanding life's adaptation to zero-gravity environments.

The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Visit the Dark Sky Traveler website at darkskytraveler.com.au to book a tour to witness the total solar eclipse in Texas and Cape Canaveral in April 2028.
· Check out the Dark Sky Traveler website for information on a trip to Canada, which can be combined with the Texas and Cape Canaveral tour for a complete eclipse experience.
· Stay updated on the latest episodes of Space Nuts by subscribing on Apple Podcasts, YouTube Music, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player.
· Stream on demand at www.spacenuts.io, www.bitesz.com to catch up on previous episodes of Space Nuts and stay up to date with the latest astronomy and space science news. · Add your name to the Europa Clipper mission through the NASA website to become part of this exciting space exploration endeavor.
· Submit your questions for the Space Nuts podcast by visiting the official website and using the provided form. Your questions could be featured in an upcoming episode.
· Join the Space Nuts podcast group on Facebook to connect with other space enthusiasts and stay informed about the latest news, discussions, and events related to astronomy and space science.
#MeteorShower #AstronomyEnthusiasts #NewAstronomicalPhenomena #SpaceDiscoveries . #Stargazing #MeteorShowerEnthusiasts #CosmicPhenomena #AstronomyNews #CelestialEvents #SpaceNutsPodcast

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In this episode of Space Nuts, Andrew and Fred discuss the naming of Australia's moon rover, a gamma ray burst that affected Earth's atmosphere, and the discovery of a reappearing, disappearing galaxy. They also answer a listener's question about the Kardashev scale and the possibility of constructing a Dyson sphere. In this episode, Fred and Andrew discuss various topics related to astrophysics and space exploration. They speculate on the existence of advanced civilizations and megastructures, highlighting the vast technological advancements required for such feats. They also delve into the concept of tidal locking, explaining how planets and moons become tidally locked and the role of friction in this process. Lastly, they explore the challenges of measuring the speed of objects in space and the absence of an absolute frame of reference. Takeaways Australia's moon rover has been named 'Roover' through a public vote, highlighting the lack of imagination in the country. A gamma ray burst from a galaxy 2 billion light years away affected Earth's atmosphere, demonstrating the vulnerability of our planet. The discovery of a reappearing, disappearing galaxy suggests the existence of dusty galaxies that are not visible in optical wavelengths. The Kardashev scale is a measure of a civilization's energy usage, and the construction of a Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure that can harness the energy of a star. The existence of advanced civilizations and megastructures is purely speculative and not supported by current astrophysical evidence. Tidal locking occurs when a planet or moon's rotation matches its orbital period, resulting in one side always facing the other. This process is influenced by gravitational forces and friction. Measuring the speed of objects in space is complex due to the absence of an absolute frame of reference. Speed is often calculated relative to other objects or reference points. The speed of light, approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, is a fundamental constant in physics and has been measured and predicted accurately.

Chapters
00:00 Introduction and Naming of Australia's Moon Rover
06:05 Gamma Ray Burst and Mysterious Disappearing, Reappearing Galaxy
25:14 Discussion on AzTEC 71 and Dusty Galaxies
36:07 Question on Kardashev Scale and Dyson Spheres
39:42 Speculating on Advanced Civilizations
43:30 Tidal Locking of Planets and Moons
50:00 Measuring the Speed of Objects

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.

In this episode as we (attempt) to answer your burning questions, you will be able to:
· Explore the mind-bending mysteries of black holes and event horizons.
· Discover fascinating specializations within the fields of physics and astronomy.
· Uncover the constant evolution and breakthroughs in the astronomy field.
· Delve into the intriguing world of privatization of satellite launches.

"How do you tell the difference between something that is very, very dense but not infinite, and something that is infinite?" - Fred Watson
Exploring Specializations in Physics and Astronomy
We delve into various specializations in physics and astronomy like solar physics, space physics, and astro seismology. These fields are ever-evolving, and researchers often move between specializations. The discussion underscores the diverse and dynamic nature of these sciences, emphasizing that broad-based knowledge and collaboration are indispensable for progress.

The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Visit our website to listen to more episodes of Space Nuts. https://spacenuts.io
· Check out our social media pages for updates and behind-the-scenes content.
· Subscribe to our podcast on your preferred podcast platform to never miss an episode. · Join our mailing list to receive exclusive content and updates.
· Explore our merchandise store to get your own Space Nuts shirt and show your support. · Submit your own questions for a chance to have them answered on a future episode.
· Follow Professor Fred Watson on social media for more astronomy insights.
· Learn more about black holes and their properties by reading scientific publications and books on the topic.
· Consider studying astronomy or physics to specialize in a specific field of research. · Support organizations and initiatives that promote scientific research and education, such as the Australian Academy of Science or the International Astronomical Union.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.

This episode of Space Nuts is brought to you by Dragonball Legends. Download it on your mobile device from the Apple App Store or Google Play and help support Space Nuts.

Space enthusiasts and science lovers, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson dive into the ironic and thrilling quest to find a lost tool bag from the International Space Station, using humor and binoculars to spot its bright apparition in the night sky and uncover the mysteries of space. · Discover the fascinating world of space exploration in the latest episode of the Space Nuts podcast. · Experience the exhilaration of zero gravity as you take a virtual roller coaster ride through space. · Join the hunt for a lost tool bag from the International Space Station and learn about the challenges of retrieving lost items in space. · Dive into the mind-boggling mysteries of black holes and unravel the secrets behind the formation of planets. · We talk about SpaceX’s latest rocket test and how it really was a success. · Uncover the origin of water on Earth and how it shaped the development of life on our planet. The key moments in this episode are:
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:20 - Spinning Sagittarius A*
00:00:27 - Planets and Pebbles
00:00:34 - Lost Space Rocket and Tool Bag
00:00:45 - Audience Questions
00:15:37 - The Earth's Rotation and Black Holes
00:18:13 - Black Hole's Mass and Rotation Speed
00:22:35 - Water Formation in Planets
00:25:47 - Icy Pebble Drift Theory
00:33:32 - Possibility of a habitable moon orbiting a super Earth
00:39:08 - Energy emissions from quasars
00:41:17 - Dark matter stars
00:41:57 - Favorite space conspiracy theories
00:50:47 - How to Send Questions
00:51:09 - Support and Becoming a Patron
00:51:16 - Wrapping up the Show
00:51:53 - Conclusion and Goodbye

Decipher the enigma of the lost tool bag Take part in the intriguing discussion about the lost tool bag from the International Space Station. The conversation explores the probable fate of the bag and its potential visibility from earth, sparking your curiosity. Find yourself enthralled by the veil of mystery surrounding this seemingly mundane item, as it orbits our planet. · https://www.facebook.com/spacenutspodcast · www.spacenuts.io · https://www.twitter.com/spacenutspod · https://www.linkedin.com/in/biteszHQ · https://www.youtube.com/@spacenutspodcast In this episode, you will be able to: · Discover the thrilling experience of zero gravity on a roller coaster, transporting you to the weightless realm of outer space. · Explore the fascinating tale of a lost tool bag from the International Space Station and the ingenious efforts to retrieve it, showcasing the resourcefulness of astronauts. · Unveil the mysteries behind black holes and their role in the formation of planets, shedding light on the incredible cosmic forces shaping our universe. · Dive into the captivating story of the origin of water on Earth, unraveling the secrets of our planet's life-sustaining liquid and its connection to the vastness of space. Space junk is a big problem...cost[ing] a million dollars a shot...SpaceX's technique for improving things...You build it and try it out. If it doesn't work, you think again and build it again. And when you've got a lot of money, that's what you can do. - Andrew Dunkley

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In this episode,hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson delve into the cataclysmic demise of the dinosaurs, exploring various extinction theories with a fervent quest for truth, unraveling the enigmatic ancient puzzle while seeking to unearth the ultimate cause. In this episode, you will be able to:
·
Explore the fascinating theories behind the extinction of dinosaurs and gain a deeper understanding of this monumental event in Earth's history.
·
Discover the impact that star growth has on planets orbiting around them, unraveling the intriguing dynamics of celestial bodies.
·
Delve into the mysteries of the Andromeda galaxy, known for its massive black holes, and uncover the secrets hidden within its immense expanse.
·
Learn how gravity and Hawking radiation intertwine, shedding light on the intricate relationship between these fundamental forces of the universe.
·
Immerse yourself in the captivating discussions from the Space Nuts podcast, where space enthusiasts and science lovers engage in thought-provoking conversations about our vast cosmos.
·
Gain a deeper understanding of the theories surrounding the extinction of dinosaurs and uncover the mysteries behind their disappearance.
·
Explore the fascinating impact of star growth on orbiting planets, and how it influences the conditions necessary for life to exist.
·
Discover the captivating secrets of the Andromeda galaxy and its enigmatic black holes, expanding your knowledge of the vastness of the universe.
·
Unravel the intricate interplay between gravity and Hawking radiation, and its implications for our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics.
·
Delve into the Space Nuts podcast discussions and indulge your curiosity in a wide array of captivating space-related topics, offering a unique opportunity to expand your knowledge and engage with fellow space enthusiasts. It's extraordinary that 40 years after it was suggested, we're still finding out about this impact and seeing different aspects to it because of the devastation that it caused. - Andrew Dunkley
The extinction of dinosaurs has been a topic of intrigue for centuries. Various theories propose the cause to be major environmental changes, catastrophic asteroid impact, or major shifts in vegetation, leading to dental maladies among the dinosaurs. The most recent development in this field proposes a global winter induced by the fallout of an asteroid impact, a theory which aligns with the devastation level required to cause such a mass extinction. The resources mentioned in this episode are:
·
Visit thecosmosmagazine.com website to read more about the new theory on what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
·
Check out the paper titled Chicxulub Impact Winter, sustained by fine silicate dust in the journal Nature Geoscience for more details on the research.
·
Explore the concept of the Anthropocene period and human-induced climate change by searching for articles and studies on the topic.
·
Learn more about the sun and its evolution by researching yellow dwarf stars and stellar evolution.
·
Discover more about the star Ro Corona Borealis and its similarities and differences to our own sun by searching for information on the star and its characteristics.
·
Read the paper by Stephen Kane in the Astrophysical Journal to delve deeper into the research on planets orbiting sunlike stars.
·
In this episode of the Space Nuts podcast, you'll join host Andrew Dunkley as he delves into the fascinating world of space exploration and scientific discoveries. With...

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In this episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Fred Watson dive into two fascinating topics that will leave space enthusiasts craving for more. They start by discussing the recent discovery about the moon's age, shedding light on its true origin and challenging previous assumptions. Dunkley's engaging and informative conversation with Professor Fred Watson delves into the research methods used to uncover this groundbreaking finding. But the excitement doesn't stop there. The episode also explores NASA's ongoing search for water ice on Mars through the SWIM project. Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of finding water ice on the Red Planet and how it could benefit future space missions. With their conversational and friendly tone, Andrew and Fred bring these complex topics to life, making it easy for listeners to grasp the significance of these discoveries. If you're passionate about space exploration and eager to stay up to date with the latest developments in planetary science, this episode of Space Nuts is a must-listen. In this episode, you will be able to: · Discover the fascinating story behind the Moon's age, unlocking secrets about the history of our solar system. · Explore the ongoing search for water ice on Mars and the potential implications for human colonization. · Learn how scientists are mapping the distribution of ice on Mars, providing crucial insights into the planet's past and future. · Get a sneak peek into the groundbreaking capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope and how it will revolutionize our understanding of the universe. · Dive into the intriguing concept of travel time in space, including the challenges astronauts face and the exciting possibilities for future exploration. It's fascinating, isn't it, when you really think about it, that one thing in the whole history of the universe made us possible. - Andrew Dunkley The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the University of Chicago and the Field Museum websites to learn more about the research conducted by the planetary scientists. · Explore the Apollo 17 mission and the samples of moon dust brought back to Earth in 1972. · Learn about zircon crystals and their significance in dating the age of the moon. · Discover more about atom probe tomography and its use in analyzing the crystals. · Research radiometric dating and its role in determining the age of the moon. · Consider the implications of the moon being 40 million years older than previously believed. · Reflect on the formation of the moon and its impact on Earth's rotation and the evolution of life. · Explore the concept of the moon being made mostly of Earth's material rather than Thea's. · Investigate the differences between the near side and far side of the moon and the tidal locking phenomenon. · Contemplate the hypothetical scenario of Earth's size if it had not been impacted by Thea. · · Visit the University of Chicago and the Field Museum websites to learn more about the research conducted by the planetary scientists. · Explore the Apollo 17 mission and the samples of moon dust brought back to Earth in 1972. · Learn about zircon crystals and their significance in dating the age of the moon. · Discover more about atom probe tomography and its use in analyzing the crystals. · Research radiometric dating and its role in determining the age of the moon. · Consider the implications of the moon being 40 million years older than previously believed. · Reflect on the formation of the moon and its impact on Earth's rotation and the evolution of life. · Explore the concept of the moon being made mostly of Earth's material rather than Thea's. · Investigate the differences between the near...

In the vast expanse of the universe, a mysterious cosmic symphony plays out, captivating our senses and challenging our understanding. But what if I told you that this symphony has a twist, an unexpected turn that leaves even the most seasoned astronomers in awe? Imagine, just when we thought we had it all figured out, we discovered that these enigmatic fast radio bursts are not just coming from one place, but from all corners of the cosmos. Brace yourselves, my fellow astrophysics enthusiasts, for the dispersion phenomenon in FRB radiation holds secrets that will unravel the very fabric of our understanding. And as we delve deeper into this cosmic riddle, prepare for a revelation that will leave your mind racing, wondering what lies beyond the reach of our current technology.

In this episode of the Space Nuts podcast, you'll join host Andrew Dunkley and astronomer Professor Fred Watson as they dive into an intriguing topic in the field of extragalactic astronomy. They discuss the fascinating dispersion phenomenon in fast radio burst (FRB) radiation and its implications for our understanding of the universe. You'll learn about the discovery of a distant FRB, FRB 202-2610 A, which turned out to be the most distant ever detected. The researchers also observed a dispersion phenomenon in the burst, where higher frequency waves arrived slightly before lower frequency waves. This discovery sheds light on the interaction between FRB radiation and electrons in the universe, providing valuable insights into the matter distribution in the cosmos. The conversation delves into the missing matter in the universe and the potential hiding places for this elusive substance. So, if you're an astrophysics student or researcher interested in extragalactic phenomena, this episode of Space Nuts is a must-listen. Get ready to expand your knowledge and explore the mysteries of the universe with Andrew and Fred.

In this episode, you will be able to: · Discover the fascinating world of distant fast radio bursts (FRBs) and unravel their mysterious origins. · Gain a deeper understanding of the dispersion phenomenon in FRB radiation, shedding light on how these signals travel through space. · Explore the mystery of missing matter in the universe and uncover the hidden secrets of our cosmic neighborhood. · Uncover the potential artifacts and errors that can occur in astronomical observations, ensuring the accuracy of your research and data. · Join the Space Nuts podcast as they delve into episode 376, where they unravel the wonders of the cosmos and share their contagious enthusiasm for astrophysics. The discovery of the dispersion phenomenon in fast radio bursts opens up a whole new world of possibilities for studying the structure of the universe. - Andrew Dunkley Understanding FRB Dispersion One crucial aspect of FRB research is comprehending the dispersion phenomenon, where high-frequency radio waves arrive slightly ahead of their lower-frequency counterparts. This compelling property, initially demonstrated by Jean-Pierre Macquart, shows that the dispersion of FRB radiation correlates with the distance covered. This novel insight not only deepens our grasp of FRBs but also elucidates the interaction between FRB radiation and electrons across the universe. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the ESO website (eso.org) and search for the article titled Astronomers Detect Most Distant Fast Radio Burst to Date to read more about the discovery. · Check out the Palomar Observatory website to learn more about the telescope and its history. · Follow Avi LERB, director of the Harvard Smithsonian Institute for Astronomy, for updates on his research and speculations about signals of artificial origin. · Keep an eye out for future studies and breakthroughs in the field of fast radio bursts to stay informed about the latest developments. · Explore the concept of the wow signal and its mysterious origins to satisfy your...

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Join us, your space-obsessed hosts, as we dive into mind-bending questions, uncover cosmic mysteries, and embark on an astronomical journey that challenges our understanding of the universe. In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the captivating world of space with the Space Nuts podcast, where you'll uncover fascinating stories and insights from the experts. · Discover the mind-bending effects of gravity on time, as we delve into the intriguing concept of time dilation and how it shapes our understanding of the universe. · Unravel the mysteries of dark matter and its profound impact on the universe, as we dive into the research and theories behind this elusive cosmic substance. · Dive into the mesmerizing characteristics of carbon stars, as we uncover the unique properties and stunning beauty of these celestial objects that shine brightly in the night sky. · Embark on a journey through the fascinating world of orbital geometry and antimatter, and gain a deeper understanding of how these concepts shape our understanding of the universe and its intricacies. The universe is a puzzle waiting to be solved, with dark matter and dark energy as its greatest mysteries. Let's dive into the unknown and unravel the secrets of our cosmic existence. - Andrew Dunkley Exploring the captivating world of space Listeners dive into the captivating world of space in this mysterious and awe-inspiring discussion. We travel through the cosmos, uncovering profound truths and engaging new perspectives. These explorations help us reimagine our role in the universe and understand the vast expanses of space. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Check out the article from Brookhaven National Laboratory titled Collisions of Light Produce Matter Antimatter from Pure Energy to learn more about the conversion of energy into mass. · Visit the Relativistic Heavy Iron Collider (RHIC) website to explore their research on particle collisions and the creation of matter from energetic photons. · If you're interested in the topic of dark matter and dark energy, delve deeper into the current understanding and theories by reading scientific literature and publications. · Expand your knowledge on the Big Bang and the early universe by exploring resources that explain the concept of time dilation and the potential for trillions of years to pass before the universe expanded. · Consider reading up on the theories and research surrounding the formation of galaxies, including the role of dark matter in galaxy rotation and the formation of spiral arms. · Learn more about the formation of solar systems and the potential impact of the absence of dark matter on their development by exploring scientific articles and books on the subject. · Explore the concept of galaxy clusters and the role of dark matter in their formation by reading scientific literature and research papers. · Consider researching alternative mechanisms for the coalescence of hydrogen and the formation of black holes, as dark matter

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Have you ever heard these myths about space? Prepare to have your mind blown as we debunk three popular misconceptions that will leave you questioning everything you thought you knew about the universe. Get ready for a mind-bending journey into the truth behind the mysteries of space on our next episode of Space Nuts podcast! In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the fascinating world of asteroids as we delve into the latest sample analysis from asteroid Bennu, uncovering potential clues about the origins of our solar system and the building blocks of life. · Dive into the scientific study of water isotopes and uncover how analyzing their ratios can provide valuable insights into the history of our planet and its potential for supporting life. · Join us as we delve into the thrilling Ninth Planet theory, discussing the evidence and implications of the existence of a hidden world in our solar system, and how it could reshape our understanding of the cosmos. · Discover the latest advancements in lunar and Martian colonization as we explore the concept of living underground on the Moon and Mars, discussing the challenges and potential benefits of this innovative approach to space exploration and habitation. We're living in an era of the golden age of asteroid studies. We may well learn how we got here because of them. - Andrew Dunkley
The analysis of asteroid Bennu samples has been a key highlight in recent space science developments. Extracted by the Osiris Rex spacecraft, the samples show traces of carbon-containing compounds and water-bearing clays. The discovery of these elements, particularly in a carbonaceous asteroid like Bennu, is intriguing and could potentially offer vital insights into the origins of life. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit NASA's website to learn more about the ongoing analysis of the Bennu sample. · Explore the Johnson Space Flight Center's website for updates on the testing of the sample. · Check out Osiris Rex's mission page to discover more about the spacecraft's journey and future missions. · Stay updated on the latest asteroid missions, including the Apophis mission, by following NASA's news releases. · Learn more about the Ryugu mission and compare the results with the Bennu sample by visiting the Japanese Space Agency's website. · Find out more about the Psyche mission and its orbital scan of a metallic asteroid by visiting NASA's mission page. · Keep an eye out for future discoveries and advancements in asteroid studies to gain a better understanding of our solar system's history and potential impact on life on Earth. · Explore the possibilities of finding answers to the origin of life and other intriguing aspects of asteroids by staying informed about ongoing research and analysis. · Support continued exploration and study of asteroids by following and engaging with organizations and scientists involved in these missions. · Consider the potential implications and importance of understanding asteroids in the context of space exploration and our place in the universe.

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Do you want to gain a deeper understanding of the groundbreaking Euclid telescope mission? Are you looking for a solution that will allow you to explore the fascinating world of space exploration and astronomy? Look no further! In this article, I will be revealing the key insights and information about the Euclid telescope mission, providing you with the knowledge and perspective you need to unravel the mysteries of the universe. Embark on this cosmic journey with me and discover the secrets that the Euclid telescope holds, unlocking a whole new level of understanding and appreciation for the vast expanse of space. In this episode, you will be able to: · Discover the fascinating setbacks and challenges faced by the Euclid telescope mission and how they were resolved through innovative software solutions. · Gain a deeper understanding of the upcoming Psyche mission by NASA and its significance in unraveling the mysteries of planetary formation. · Explore the intriguing world of dark photons and muons, and how they shape the fate of time and space in the universe. · Dive into the captivating story of Fred's trip to the UK and the Channel Islands, unraveling the hidden gems and experiences that await. · understand how a fine guidance sensor affected the Euclid telescope mission and the innovative software patch that resolved the issue, shedding light on the complexities of space exploration. Euclid is a telescope on a mission to map the sky, and even a small hiccup won't stop us from exploring the vast unknown. - Andrew Dunkley Innovative Software Patch for Euclid Telescope The solution to the Euclid telescope's problems came through a valuable tool - an innovative software patch. This fix, reminiscent of updates on everyday devices such as smartphones, was used to rectify the issues and get the mission back on track. This showcases the intersection between modern technology and space exploration, enabling continued research and breakthroughs amid potential roadblocks. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the website to learn more about the Psyche mission and stay updated on its launch. · Check out the Euclid telescope's website for updates on the FGS issue and the software patch. · Explore the Bo's segment on maximum entropy to gain a deeper understanding of the concept. · Listen to John's discussion on the early universe for fascinating insights into its origins. · Discover Al's insights on dark energy and its role in shaping the universe. · Stay tuned for future episodes of Space Nuts for more exciting space news and discussions.

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Hold on tight and prepare for an astronomical surprise that will leave you breathless. Brace yourself for a mind-bending twist in the world of gravitational wave detection and cosmic events. Get ready to witness a discovery so profound, it will shatter our understanding of the universe. But here's the catch: what if this groundbreaking revelation is not what we expect? Stay tuned to find out, as we embark on a cosmic journey that will challenge everything we thought we knew. In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the groundbreaking advancements in gravitational wave detection and uncover the secrets of cosmic events. · Discover how a galaxy with a strong magnetic field can provide clues to the formation of stars and deepen our understanding of magnetic fields. · Uncover the mysterious Tharsis volcanic region on Mars and its potential role in the formation of water, shedding light on the geological factors that shaped the planet. · Understand the importance of polarization in astronomy and how it can be used as a powerful tool in observations, revealing hidden details about celestial objects. · Dive into the controversial realm of dark matter and modified Newtonian gravity, and explore alternative theories that challenge our current understanding of the universe. Imagine a future where we can detect a million neutron star mergers and hundreds of thousands of black hole collisions every year. The possibilities are mind-boggling. - Andrew Dunkley Tharsis Volcanic Region Connection Investigating the potential correlation between Martian volcanic activity and the Hellas impact could shed light on Mars's geological history and water formation. The link, though hypothetical, could provide astronomers valuable data on the effects of such impacts on seismic activities and the potential subsequent development of life-supporting conditions. This exploration further underscores the need for advanced research, expert consultations, and comprehensive scrutiny of existing theories to answer intricate questions about our universe. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Check out the new gravitational wave detector, Cosmic Explorer, being developed by MIT. Learn more about its improved sensitivity and potential for detecting a million neutron star mergers and hundreds of thousands of black hole collisions. · Stay updated on the progress of the Cosmic Explorer project as they work towards building a 40-kilometer long laser interferometer for detecting gravitational waves. · Explore the possibilities of Lisa, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, a project by the European Space Agency that aims to place mirrors over 100 km apart in space to detect gravitational waves with even greater precision. · Consider the impact of gravitational wave astronomy, which offers a new window into the universe and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of space and time. · Keep an eye out for future announcements regarding the location of the Cosmic Explorer detector and the funding and development of Lisa. · Stay informed about the latest advancements in gravitational wave research and the exciting discoveries that lie ahead. · Engage with the Space Nuts podcast to join the conversation and ask questions about gravitational waves and other space-related topics. · Subscribe to the Space Nuts podcast to receive regular updates and never miss an episode.

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Do you want to stay up to date with the latest discoveries in our solar system, particularly when it comes to potential new planets? Are you eager to uncover the mysteries hidden in the depths of the Kuiper Belt? If so, we have the solution you've been searching for. In this episode, Fred and I will be revealing the key findings and ongoing search efforts for an elusive celestial body, which could potentially be a new planet in the Kuiper Belt. By diving into this topic, you will gain a profound understanding of the quest to unravel the secrets of our cosmic neighbourhood and get closer to unveiling the existence of an undiscovered planetary world. In this episode, you will be able to: · Venture into an exciting chapter of space exploration identifying the potential new planet in the Kuiper Belt. · Peek at the nearest supernova through the advanced and prestigious James Webb Space Telescope. · Embark on the intriguing search mission for Planet Nine, interpreting its cosmic significance. If you're living in rubbish, you don't get the guernsey. - Andrew Dunkley Exploration of potential new planet: Amidst the vast expanse of the Kuiper Belt, researchers have detected signals suggesting a new planetary object. This fascinating discovery stems from patterns found in the orbits of hitherto-known objects within the belt. If confirmed, this celestial body could either be classified as a dwarf planet like Pluto, or a full-fledged planet, provided it has cleared the debris in its orbit, shifting our perception of the solar system. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the website of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) to learn more about their research on dwarf planets and the Kuiper Belt. · Check out the Astronomical Journal, one of the world's leading journals on astronomy, to read the study on the objects in the Kuiper Belt and their orbits. · Explore the Kuiper Belt and learn about the various objects within it, including dwarf planets, asteroids, and more. · Stay informed about the latest discoveries in astronomy by following news sources and publications that report on space exploration and research. · Keep an eye out for updates on the potential ninth planet and its discovery, as scientists continue to study the Kuiper Belt and search for its gravitational influence. · Consider becoming an amateur astronomer and join a community of stargazers who observe celestial objects like Jupiter and Saturn, potentially contributing to scientific discoveries. · Learn more about the James Webb Space Telescope and its capabilities in observing distant objects, including supernovae, by visiting its official website. · Stay updated on the latest news and findings from the James Webb Space Telescope, as it continues to provide new insights into the universe. · Explore the Large Magellanic Cloud and The key moments in this episode are:
00:00:00 - Introduction,
00:02:32 - Discovery of a Potential New Planet in the Kuiper Belt,
00:09:40 - The Definition of a Planet,
00:10:57 - Possibility of a New Planet Replacing Planet Nine,
00:11:23 - Size and Orbit of the Potential New Planet,
00:16:11 - "Supernova 1987 A Discovery",
00:20:46 - "Structure of Supernova Remnants",
00:23:19 - "Light Echoes and Supernova Explorations",
00:26:07 - "Amateur Observations of Supernova Remnants",
00:27:15 - "Neutron Star and Future Observations",
00:32:18 - "Space, Time, and the Hubble Flow",
00:34:24 - "Frozen Universe",
00:35:30 - "Listener Appreciation",
00:36:01 - "Listener Bets",
00:38:50 - "Understanding Light from the Early Universe",

Exploration of potential new...